scholarly journals Plant immunity inducers: from discovery to agricultural application

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Sen Yang ◽  
Wenyue Zheng ◽  
Yuanchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
System Activation ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Chemical Fungicides ◽  
Made In

AbstractWhile conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens, plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants. The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation, summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers (proteins, oligosaccharides, chemicals, and lipids), and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers. The current situation, new strategies, and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of immune system functioning of patients with endometrium cancer depending on the tumor differentiation grade

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
A. I. Pashov ◽  
V. B. Tskhai ◽  
N. I. Kamzalakova ◽  
L. N. Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Tumor Differentiation ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
Immune System Functioning ◽  
Made In

The aim of investigation is to define the peculiarities of immune system functioning of patients with endometrium cancer depending on the tumor differentiation grade. 133 female patients of comparable age in menopause have been examined: healthy women, patients with histological verified high-, medium- (1-st group) and low-differentiated (2-nd group) endometrium adenocarcinoma of the I stage. Estimation of the immune state has been made in accordance with generally accepted recommendations. Immune system activation has been stated in the 1-st group, in the 2-nd group there has been marked a dissociation of the function of basic immune system chains and a decrease of their functional abilities.

scholarly journals Thiolane-type sulfides from garlic, onion, and Welsh onion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Nohara ◽  
Yukio Fujiwara ◽  
Mona El-Aasr ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ikeda ◽  
Masateru Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Isomeric Structure ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this paper, we review our work in the last 10 years wherein we examined the sulfides in the acetone extracts of garlic (Allium sativum), onion (A. cepa), and Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), obtained and characterized the structures of new sulfides, three 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfides from onion and Welsh onion, respectively, and four acyclic-type, nine 3,4-dimethyl- thiolane-type, four 2-methylthiolane (and thiane)-type, two 1,2-dithiolane-type, and two 2-oxothiolane-type sulfides, together with (E)-ajoene and one kujounin-type sulfide from garlic. During this process, structural corrections were made in onionin A group, garlicnin A, and garlicnin B group in some 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfides. Next, hypothetical pathways for the production of the aforementioned sulfides were proposed. Furthermore, it was revealed that a typical 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfide, onionin A1 obtained from onion, having the isomeric structure of garlicnin B1 obtained from garlic, decreased tumor proliferation and controlled tumor metastasis. These results showed that onionin A1 is an effective agent for controlling tumors, and that the antitumor effects observed in vivo are likely caused by reversing the antitumor immune system. Activation of the antitumor immune system by onionin A1 might be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors.

Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 2348-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng-Zhong Xie ◽  
Jian-Xiu Li ◽  
Ri-Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chiral Compound ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Acetoin Production ◽  
Made In

Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.

scholarly journals Balloon cells promote immune system activation in focal cortical dysplasia type 2B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till S. Zimmer ◽  
Diede W.M. Broekaart ◽  
Mark Luinenburg ◽  
Caroline Mijnsbergen ◽  
Jasper J. Anink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Balloon Cells ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and immune cell activation quantification in sepsis and non-sepsis critical care patients by neopterin/7,8-dihydroneopterin analysis

Pteridines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Gregory Baxter-Parker ◽  
Ravinder Reddy Gaddam ◽  
Elena Moltchanova ◽  
Anitra Carr ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Urinary Neopterin ◽  
Critical Care Patients

AbstractIntroduction: Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are used as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, but the effect of kidney function on these measurements has not been extensively explored. We examine the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney function in intensive patients and compare them to equivalent patients without sepsis.Methods: 34 Intensive care patients were selected for the study, 14 without sepsis and 20 with. Both groups had equivalent levels of trauma, assessed by SAPS II, SOFA, and APACHE II and III scores. Plasma and urinary neopterin and total neopterin (neopterin + 7,8-dihydroneopterin) values were measured.Results: Neopterin and total neopterin were significantly elevated in urine and plasma for multiple days in sepsis versus non-sepsis patients. Plasma neopterin and total neopterin have decreasing relationships with increased eGFR (p<0.008 and p<0.001, respectively). Plasma/urinary neopterin and total neopterin ratios demonstrate that total neopterin flux is more influenced by eGFR than neopterin, with significantce of p<0.02 and p<0.0002 respectively.Conclusion: Sepsis patients present with greater levels of oxidative stress and immune system activation than non-sepsis patients of equal levels of trauma, as measured by neopterin and total neopterin. eGFR may need to be taken into account when accessing the level of inflammation from urinary neopterin measurements.

scholarly journals Expression of Phosphocitrate-Targeted Genes in Osteoarthritis Menisci

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubo Sun ◽  
David R. Mauerhan ◽  
Nury M. Steuerwald ◽  
Jane Ingram ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kneisl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Disease Modifying

Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibited calcium crystal-associated osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study sought to determine PC targeted genes and the expression of select PC targeted genes in OA menisci to test hypothesis that PC exerts its disease modifying activity in part by reversing abnormal expressions of genes involved in OA. We found that PC downregulated the expression of numerous genes classified in immune response, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb receptor (FCGR3B), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B member 3 (LILRB3). In contrast, PC upregulated the expression of many genes classified in skeletal development, including collagen type II alpha1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and SRY- (sex determining region Y-) box 9 (SOX-9). Immunohistochemical examinations revealed higher levels of FCGR3B and LILRB3 and lower level of SOX-9 in OA menisci. These findings indicate that OA is a disease associated with immune system activation and decreased expression of SOX-9 gene in OA menisci. PC exerts its disease modifying activity on OA, at least in part, by targeting immune system activation and the production of extracellular matrix and selecting chondroprotective proteins.

A mechanistic study of immune system activation by fusion of antigens with the ligand-binding domain of CTLA4

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy ◽  
Matt Tector ◽  
Nachimuthu Chinnasamy ◽  
Kate Dennert ◽  
Karen M. Kozinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Ligand Binding Domain ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation
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