Comments on the “Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry, Standardization of Methods for the Estimation of Enzyme Activity in Biological Fluids”

1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Deggeller ◽  
C.R.J. Sandıfort
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
German Society

Enzyme immunochromatography--a quantitative immunoassay requiring no instrumentation.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Zuk ◽  
V K Ginsberg ◽  
T Houts ◽  
J Rabbie ◽  
H Merrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Assay Result ◽  
Quantitative Immunoassay ◽  
Colored Zone ◽  
Enzyme Conjugate ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstract We describe a novel test-strip immunoassay for quantifying drugs in biological fluids. This enzyme immunochromatographic ("immunograph") method combines many features of the enzyme-channeling homogeneous immunoassay with immunochromatography and capillary migration to provide a non-separation, non-instrumental assay for theophylline in which quantification is based on the spatial distribution of enzyme label rather than on the modulation of enzyme activity. Sample antigen and hapten-enzyme conjugate are combined and moved by capillary action up a paper strip on which specific antibody has been immobilized. After color development, the assay result is evaluated by measuring the height of the colored zone on the test strip. Quantification is not a function of enzyme activity, so the method is relatively insensitive to sample matrix effects, enzyme instability, temperature, and incubation timing. Either whole blood or plasma can be used as sample. Results correlate well with those by established instrumental methods. The simple, rapid (15 min), two-incubation protocol is well suited for on-site testing in non-laboratory environments.

scholarly journals Proteomics: A New Diagnostic Frontier

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen L Hortin ◽  
Saeed A Jortani ◽  
James C Ritchie ◽  
Roland Valdes ◽  
Daniel W Chan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Recent Conference ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background: Analysis of proteins has been an integral part of the field of clinical chemistry for decades. Recent advances in technology and complete identification of the human genome sequence have opened up new opportunities for analysis of proteins for clinical diagnostic purposes. Methods: Content of a recent conference of proteomics is summarized. Results: New analytical methods allow the simultaneous analysis of a large number of proteins in biological fluids such as serum and plasma, offering partial views of the complete set of proteins or proteome. Plasma presents many analytical challenges, such as the complexity of components, predominance of a few major components, and the large concentration range of components, but the number of proteins that can be detected in plasma has expanded dramatically from hundreds to thousands. At the same time, there is increased capability to detect structural variations of proteins. Recent studies also identified the presence of complex sets of small protein fragments in plasma. This set of protein fragments, the fragmentome or peptidome, is potentially a rich source of information about physiologic and disease processes. Conclusions: Advances in proteomics offer great promise for the discovery of markers that might serve as the basis for new clinical laboratory tests. There are many challenges, however, in the translation of newly discovered markers into clinical laboratory tests.

Optimizing the use of the “state-of-the-art” performance criteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Haeckel ◽  
Werner Wosniok ◽  
Thomas Streichert
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
German Society ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
The State ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Performance Goals

AbstractThe organizers of the first EFLM Strategic Conference “Defining analytical performance goals” identified three models for defining analytical performance goals in laboratory medicine. Whereas the highest level of model 1 (outcome studies) is difficult to implement, the other levels are more or less based on subjective opinions of experts, with models 2 (based on biological variation) and 3 (defined by the state-of-the-art) being more objective. A working group of the German Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) proposes a combination of models 2 and 3 to overcome some disadvantages inherent to both models. In the new model, the permissible imprecision is not defined as a constant proportion of biological variation but by a non-linear relationship between permissible analytical and biological variation. Furthermore, the permissible imprecision is referred to the target quantity value. The biological variation is derived from the reference interval, if appropriate, after logarithmic transformation of the reference limits.

Determination of enzyme activity in biological fluids by means of electrochemical oxidation of NADH at a modified glassy carbon electrode.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bartalits ◽  
G Nagy ◽  
E Pungor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anodic Peak Current

Abstract This amperometric technique for the determination of enzyme activity is based on detecting a decrease in the concentration of the NADH co-factor of the enzyme reaction. A glassy carbon electrode, modified by adsorption of Mg2+ and NADH, is used to measure the anodic peak current that corresponds to the oxidation of NADH. We found no significant difference between the enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.27) preparations as measured by the above amperometric technique and by a spectrophotometric method.

Ion chromatography: a new technique for clinical chemistry.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1424-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Exchange Column ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
A New Technique

Abstract Ion chromatography is a new analytical technique in which the ions to be analyzed are separated on a special pellicular ion-exchange column. Once separated, the effluent from the separating column passes into a second ion-exchange column, which removes the eluent or buffer ions from the moving phase without removing the sample ions, which are detected and measured by electrical conductivity on a background of low conductance. Trace quantities can be so determined. This technique has been applied to four biological fluids: blood serum, tissue extract, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. It is shown to be a practical analytical tool, particularly for ions having no chromophores, such as sodium, ammonium, potassium, magensium, calcium, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, and sulfate.

Laboratory Manual of Pediatric Micro-Biochemical Techniques

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
S. A. KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Routine Analysis ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Laboratory Manual ◽  
Hospital Laboratory ◽  
Chemistry Laboratories

This manual contains methods of chemical analysis of over 100 substances in biological fluids and should, therefore, provide a complete ready-reference source for clinical chemistry laboratories. The range of methods of chemical analysis which are given, extends from routine analysis, such as for bicarbonate, chloride, glucose, etc., to some rather more complicated and specialized techniques, such as for catecholamines, 17-hydroxycorticoids, mucopolysaccharides, etc. There is hardly a test which will be performed in the routine hospital laboratory which is not covered by this manual.

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