The role of relative weight in the positive association between age and serum cholesterol in men and women

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafim Nanas ◽  
Wen-Harn Pan ◽  
Jeremiah Stamler ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Alan Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Men And Women

The sugar intake of businessmen and its inverse relationship with relative weight

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Sugar Intake

1. Yudkin's (1967) questionnaire on the dietary intake of sugar was given to 415 businessmen for self-administration.1. The results showed an inverse relationship between sugar intake and relative weight (actual weight as a percentage of expected weight for height and age) and additional evidence suggests a direct relationship between sugar intake and adequate exercise.2. The statement that ‘sugar was restricted’ was shown to be a factor of considerable importance affecting the reported level of sugar intake and should be taken into account when comparing different series.3. The positive association between cigarette smoking and mean sugar consumption in this series was due to the low-sugar intake of ex-smokers.4. In future studies on the role of sucrose in the aetiology of ischaemic disease, both smoking habits and levels of activity should be recorded.

scholarly journals Role of Conflict Management Styles on Managers’ Self-Efficiency at Iranian Schools in Tehran Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3390-3397
Author(s):  
Aida Mehrad
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Self ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflict Management Styles ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Spss Software

The importance of management in different segments of workplace and monitoring of organizational behaviours that appear from managers is supercritical and should be considered increasingly. In some cases, the manager may be faced with different issues and difficulties in the management process, and the level of his/ her performance, and efficiency decreases; furthermore, concentrating more on various aspects of the management when the conflict happened is extremely extensive. By the way, the present research focused on the role of conflict management styles on self-efficiency amongst 259 mangers (men and women) who worked at governmental schools in Tehran Province, Iran. Moreover, the researcher collected the data via two questionnaires; which comprised The Conflict Management Questionnaire, which is proposed by Izadi Yazdan Abadi, and The Self-Efficiency Scale that is developed by Sherer. The findings derived from data analyzing in SPSS Software and illustrated there is a significant relationship between conflict management styles with mangers' self-efficiency at school. Additionally, the styles of conflict management included five main styles such as Accommodating, Avoidance, Collaboration, Competing, and Compromising that have a meaningful relationship with Self-Efficiency. The results shown that Collaboration has a positive association with mangers' self-efficiency and increases its level; on the other hand, Avoidance has a negative relation with the efficiency of managers at schools. Besides, with using styles of conflict management in the correct way that obtain via knowing them perfectly, managers can improve their efficiency and achievement; correspondingly, they endeavor to cope with difficulties and issues at the workplace.

P–396 Preconceptual male and female metabolite profiles are associated with ongoing pregnancy after IVF

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Alrashid ◽  
N Goulding ◽  
A Taylor ◽  
M A Lumsden ◽  
D A Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Ongoing Pregnancy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Study question In men and women undergoing IVF are preconceptual circulating metabolites associated with ongoing pregnancy rates? Summary answer Preconceptual serum histidine levels, in both women and men were associated with ongoing pregnancy. Several amino acids and lipoproteins exhibited possible sex-specific associations. What is known already Preconceptual maternal health has been associated with pregnancy outcomes after IVF. The extent to which this is because of pre-existing metabolic factors related to infertility and the role of paternal metabolic health is unclear. Study design, size, duration Cohort of 398 women and 325 male partners prospectively recruited between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2019. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women and their male partners intending to undergo assisted conception at a University Hospital, had detailed pre-treatment phenotyping including non-fasting serum lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and low-molecular weight metabolites (including amino acids, glycolysis and inflammatory markers) (155 metabolites) quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to examine the associations of pre-treatment serum metabolic profiles, with ongoing pregnancy at 20 weeks gestation with adjustment for confounders. Main results and the role of chance 392 women and 322 men proceeded to IVF treatment, with an overall ongoing pregnancy rate of 47.2% (95% CI 0.42, 0.52) per cycle started and a multiple pregnancy rate of 1.1% (95%CI 0.0, 0.04). In both females and males in confounder adjusted analyses histidine was associated with the chance of ongoing pregnancy, with similar magnitudes in each parent (OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.03, 1.60) per one standard deviation (SD) increase for males and OR 1.26 (95% CI 0.99, 1.60) per one SD increase for females). In females Alanine (OR = 1.31 (1.05, 1.64)), Isoleucine (OR = 1.28 (1.02, 1.61)) and Leucine (OR = 1.24 (0.99, 1.55)) had a positive association with ongoing pregnancy, while in males, pyruvate (OR = 1.30 (1.02,1.66)) exhibited a positive association with ongoing pregnancy. In both parents, associations of lipids, lipoproteins sub-particles and fatty acids with pregnancy were closer to the null. Limitations, reasons for caution Suggestive parental differences could be due to chance. Patients were relatively homogenous undertaking their first IVF cycle and the results may not be generalisable to other clinical populations. Wider implications of the findings: This study provides data on a range of metabolic pathways and their association with ongoing pregnancy following IVF. The identification of potentially relevant clinical effect sizes in both men and women warrants further exploration. Trial registration number Not applicable

The Equality of Women: The Bahá’í Principle of Complementarity

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
John S. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

The Bahá’í teachings simultaneously assert the equality of men and women while advocating in some cases distinct duties according to gender. Since the Bahá’í Faith also teaches that religious convictions should be examined by the “standards of science,” this ostensible paradox invites careful study. At the heart of the response to this query is the Universal House of Justice statement that “equality between men and women does not, indeed physiologically it cannot, mean identity of functions.” To appreciate and to accept this thesis that there can be gender distinction, even insofar as the assignment of fundamental tasks is concerned, without any attendant diminution in the role of women, we must turn to statements in the Bahá’í writings about the complementary relationship between men and women. Through a careful consideration of this principle, we can discover how there can indeed be gender distinction without inequality in status or function.

CEO and CFO Equity Incentives and the Pricing of Audit Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anthony Billings ◽  
Xinghua Gao ◽  
Yonghong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distinctive Role

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

The Right to Avoid Procreation and the Regulation of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Rothmar Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses the right to avoid procreation and the regulation of pregnancy from a European perspective. The legal basis for a right to avoid procreation can be said to fall within the scope of several provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), an instrument that is binding for all European countries. Here, Article 12 of the ECHR gives men and women of marriageable age the right to marry and found a family in accordance with the national laws governing this right. However, Article 12 protects some elements of the right not to procreate, but for couples only. The lack of common European consensus in this area highlights how matters relating to the right to decide on the number and spacing of children touch on aspects that differ from country to country even in what could appear to be a homogenous region. In fact, the cultural, moral, and historical milieus that surround these rights differ considerably with diverse national perceptions of the role of the family, gender equality, religious and moral obligations, and so on.

Mother Phubbing and Adolescent Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mother Acceptance and the Moderating Role of Emotional Stability

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098390
Author(s):  
Jiahui Qu ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Xie ◽  
Pengcheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have found some risk factors of cyberbullying. However, little is known about how mother phubbing may influence adolescent cyberbullying, and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. “Phubbing,” which is a portmanteau of “phone” and “subbing,” refers to snubbing other people and focus on smartphones in social interactions. This study examined whether mother phubbing, which refers to being phubbed by one’s mother, would be positively related to adolescent cyberbullying, whether perceived mother acceptance would mediate the relationship between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, and whether emotional stability would moderate the pathways between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 4,213 Chinese senior high school students (mean age 16.41 years, SD = 0.77, 53% were female). Participants completed measurements regarding mother phubbing, cyberbullying, perceived mother acceptance, and emotional stability. The results indicated that mother phubbing was positively related to cyberbullying, which was mediated by perceived mother acceptance. Further, moderated mediation analyses showed that emotional stability moderated the direct path between mother phubbing and cyberbullying and the indirect path between mother phubbing and perceived mother acceptance. This study highlighted the harmful impact of mother phubbing on adolescents by showing a positive association between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, as well as the underlying mechanisms between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Anna Carrano ◽  
Juan Jose Juarez ◽  
Diego Incontri ◽  
Antonio Ibarra ◽  
Hugo Guerrero Cazares
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Outcome Differences

Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
VINCENT BAKKER ◽  
OLAF VAN VLIET
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

Abstract Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions.

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