Insect development in milled rice: Effects of variety, degree of milling, parboiling and broken kernels

Zinc deficiency is prevalent among women and children in Bangladesh, and methods to increase the zinc content of parboiled rice could contribute to its prevention. We quantified the effect of modified parboiling conditions on zinc content and of the degree of milling on zinc and phytate contents of Bangladeshi rice varieties. Parboiling studies varied the conditions used in the local commercial operations, including pre-steaming and soaking times, change of soaking water, and steaming pressure. Milling studies used 10 Bangladeshi varieties at 0% (brown), 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% degree of milling. With ambient soaking water, shorter soaking time was observed with a higher zinc content in brown rice, but not in 10% milled rice, and changing soaking water did not modify zinc content in brown or 10% milled rice. Pre-steaming time and open- vs. closed-system steaming had no significant effect on brown or 10% milled rice zinc content. Reducing the degree of milling from 10% to 6% or 4% resulted in a mean increase in zinc content of 27% and 47%, respectively, and an increase in phytate content of 35% and 72%, respectively. Zinc content in milled rice did not appear to be significantly affected by the parboiling conditions tested. While lower degree of milling resulted in higher zinc content, it is uncertain whether the higher phytate content would fully negate this increase by decreasing the bioavailable fraction of zinc. Human studies of zinc bioavailability from Bangladeshi rice at different degrees of milling are warranted.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 31-43 (2017)

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Milled Rice Quality Assessment

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1682 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reza Farahmandfar ◽

Esfandiyar Farahmandfar ◽

Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti ◽

Mahdi Zarei

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Milling Process ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Head Rice ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Degree Of Milling ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Important Processing

Milling, an important processing step of rough rice, is usually done to produce white, polished grains. In this paper the quality of 22 milled rice varieties, common in Mazandaran, Iran, are investigated. These rice varieties included local varieties and breeding lines. Parameters assessed were head rice yield, degree of milling, husk removed percent, and total milling recovery. Results obtained revealed that the Tarom Mahali and Champa varieties have the highest head rice yield as 60.58 and 66.39 % and total milling recovery as 69.96 and 71.38 %, respectively. The greatest degree of milling value was found for the Haraz variety with a mean of 16.06 %. Also, it was found that the husk removed percent values were not statistically different among the varieties studied. Finally, considering all results obtained, the varieties of Tarom Mahali, Champa, and Neda showed to be more economical in the milling process.

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KARAKTERISASI ABSORBANSI LARUTAN DAN PENDUGAAN DERAJAT SOSOH BERAS BERDASARKAN ABSORBANSI PADA SPEKTRUM ULTRA- VIOLET

Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jpasca.v15n1.2018.43-51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

NFN Mardison ◽

Usman Ahmad ◽

NFN Sutrisno ◽

Slamet Widodo

Keyword(s):

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Uv Spectrum ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Degree Of Milling ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Absorbance Profile

Teknologi non-destruktif seperti penggunaan gelombang ultra-violet (UV) dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam menentukan kualitas beras sosoh. Pengembangan metode pengukuran dan karakterisasi beras sosoh berdasarkan absorbansi spektrumnya pada daerah UV sangat berpotensi dalam evaluasi kualitas beras secara non-destruktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis spektrum absorbansi UV pada beberapa varietas beras dengan tingkat penyosohan bervariasi dan menentukan hubungan derajat sosoh beras varietas Ciherang dengan spektrum absorbansi UV dari larutan beras dalam pelarut n-heksana. Larutan beras dibuat dengan pelarut n-heksana dengan perlakuan waktu perendaman dan konsentrasi n-heksana, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran absorbansi larutan pada spektrum UV, dan terakhir dilakukan analisis terhadap absorbansi larutan, dalam hubungannya dengan derajat sosoh. Sebelum analisis absorbansi pada spektrum UV dilakukan, didahului dengan dua pra-pengolahan data yaitu derivatif pertama dan normalisasi. Hasil analisis adalah karakteristik spektra untuk enam varietas beras yang diuji memiliki profil dan pola absorbansi pada spektrum UV dan hubungannya dengan dengan derajat sosoh beras varietas Ciherang adalah dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0.927. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan metode persiapan sampel terbaik dengan waktu perendaman 2-3 jam, dan dengan konsentrasi larutan beras dalam pelarut n-heksanasebesar 43.3% absorbansi pada spektrum UV paling besar terjadi pada panjang gelombang 330-335 nm. Non-destructive technology such as the use of ultra-violet (UV) waves can be used as an alternative in determining the quality of milled riceThe development of method of measuring and characterizing milled rice based on the absorbance of spectra in the UV area is highly potential in milled rice quality evaluation non-destructively. This study aims to analyze the spectrum of UV absorbance for some rice varieties with varying degree of milling and determining relation degree of milling for ciherang rice varieties with the absorption on UV area of rice solution in n-hexane solvent. The rice solution was prepared with n-hexane solvent by treatment of immersion time and n-hexane concentration, then measured the absorbance of the solution on the UV spectrum, and finally analyzed the absorbance of the solution, in relation to the rice degree of milling. Prior to the analysis of absorbance on the UV spectrum, by two pre-processing data, first derivative and data normalization were performed. The results of the analysis are spectral characteristics for the six rice varieties tested were absorbance profile and pattern on the UV spectrum and its relation with the degree of milling for ciherang rice varieties with the correlation coefficient value (r) of 0.927. It was observed from this research the best sample preparation method was that with 2-3 hours of soaking time, and the concentration of rice solution in 43.3% n-hexane solvent, resulted maximum absorbance on UV spectrum by rice solution at wavelengths of 330-335 nm.

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Insect Development

10.1007/978-3-642-95557-0 ◽

1988 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Victor A. Zaslavski

Keyword(s):

Insect Development

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Edible insects and their acceptance in Western Societies

Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism ◽

10.3727/216929720x15968961037917 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pijus Jauniskis ◽

Eleni Michopoulou

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Development ◽

Cultural Knowledge ◽

Edible Insects ◽

Insect Development ◽

Edible Insect ◽

Tourism Product ◽

Tourism Experience ◽

Cultural Sphere ◽

Self Discovery ◽

Tourism And Hospitality

This paper examines current literature on edible insect consumption in western culture through an inductive lens, addressing environmental, nutritional, food security, anthropological and psychological aspects of the topic. Findings show that western aversion towards edible insects is deeply psychological and cultural, mostly ignoring the pleasure dimensions such as taste, texture and flavour. The nature of the problem appears to be predominantly social. Results suggest that a beneficial route of introducing edible insects into the western diet could be formed through a societal perspective. Tourism and hospitality can potentially play a big part in the edible insect development. For instance, food as a tourism product can attract visitors from different backgrounds whilst food consumption as a tourism experience subliminally promises an experience of novelty and potential newfound pleasure in food. Food as an integral part of various cultures and local heritages entails local dishes that can be considered ‘cultural artifacts’ and their consumption symbolises the consumption of ‘other’. Tourism experiences can expose an individual to lasting personal change, self-discovery and intellectual development. Hence, taking into consideration that acquiring new cultural knowledge increases openness to experience, it is possible that tourism could contribute to adopting the practice of insect consumption in the western cultural sphere.

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Inverse Relationships between Ecdysteroid Titres and Total Body Metabolism in Insects

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1982-0917 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 839-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karel Sláma

Keyword(s):

Developmental Programming ◽

Insect Species ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Insect Development ◽

Homeostatic Function ◽

Metabolic Interactions ◽

Total Body

In larval and pupal stages of several insect species the changes in total body metabolism appear to be inversely proportional to the course of ecdysteroid titres. The largest peaks of ecdysteroid occur exactly at the time of the lowest metabolic rates. These relationships are consequences of the developmental programming; ecdysteroid has no direct antimetabolic action. The problem of ecdysteroid-metabolic interactions has been discussed in relation to possible homeostatic function of ecdysteroids in insect development.

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A Comparative Perspective on Functionally-Related, Intracellular Calcium Channels: The Insect Ryanodine and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11071031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1031

Author(s):

Umut Toprak ◽

Cansu Doğan ◽

Dwayne Hegedus

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Insect Cells ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Insect Development ◽

Current Review ◽

Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽

Target Sites

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are large homotetrameric channels associated with the ER and serve as two major actors in ER-derived Ca2+ supply. Most of the knowledge on these receptors derives from mammalian systems that possess three genes for each receptor. These studies have inspired work on synonymous receptors in insects, which encode a single IP3R and RyR. In the current review, we focus on a fundamental, common question: “why do insect cells possess two Ca2+ channel receptors in the ER?”. Through a comparative approach, this review covers the discovery of RyRs and IP3Rs, examines their structures/functions, the pathways that they interact with, and their potential as target sites in pest control. Although insects RyRs and IP3Rs share structural similarities, they are phylogenetically distinct, have their own structural organization, regulatory mechanisms, and expression patterns, which explains their functional distinction. Nevertheless, both have great potential as target sites in pest control, with RyRs currently being targeted by commercial insecticide, the diamides.

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