scholarly journals A Comparative Perspective on Functionally-Related, Intracellular Calcium Channels: The Insect Ryanodine and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Umut Toprak ◽  
Cansu Doğan ◽  
Dwayne Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Insect Development ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Target Sites

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are large homotetrameric channels associated with the ER and serve as two major actors in ER-derived Ca2+ supply. Most of the knowledge on these receptors derives from mammalian systems that possess three genes for each receptor. These studies have inspired work on synonymous receptors in insects, which encode a single IP3R and RyR. In the current review, we focus on a fundamental, common question: “why do insect cells possess two Ca2+ channel receptors in the ER?”. Through a comparative approach, this review covers the discovery of RyRs and IP3Rs, examines their structures/functions, the pathways that they interact with, and their potential as target sites in pest control. Although insects RyRs and IP3Rs share structural similarities, they are phylogenetically distinct, have their own structural organization, regulatory mechanisms, and expression patterns, which explains their functional distinction. Nevertheless, both have great potential as target sites in pest control, with RyRs currently being targeted by commercial insecticide, the diamides.

scholarly journals Expression Analysis of XTH in Stem Swelling of Stem Mustard and Selection of Reference Genes

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Fangjie Xie ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of

Accurate analysis of gene expression requires selection of appropriate reference genes. In this study, we report analysis of eight candidate reference genes (ACTIN, UBQ, EF-1α, UBC, IF-4α, TUB, PP2A, and HIS), which were screened from the genome and transcriptome data in Brassica juncea. Four statistical analysis softwares geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were used to test the reliability and stability of gene expression of the reference genes. To further validate the stability of reference genes, the expression levels of two CYCD3 genes (BjuB045330 and BjuA003219) were studied. In addition, all genes in the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family were identified in B. juncea and their patterns at different periods of stem enlargement were analyzed. Results indicated that UBC and TUB genes showed stable levels of expression and are recommended for future research. In addition, XTH genes were involved in regulation of stem enlargement expression. These results provide new insights for future research aiming at exploring important functional genes, their expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms for mustard development.

A functionalized fluorescent dendrimer as a pesticide nanocarrier: application in pest control

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Liu ◽  
Bicheng He ◽  
Zejun Xu ◽  
Meizhen Yin ◽  
Wantai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Water Soluble

A water-soluble fluorescent cationic dendrimer can efficiently deliver a pesticide into the insect cells and largely increase the cytotoxicity of the drug.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Liposomal-Based Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Carla van Alem ◽  
Josbert Metselaar ◽  
Cees van Kooten ◽  
Joris Rotmans
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Liposomes can be seen as ideal carriers for anti-inflammatory drugs as their ability to (passively) target sites of inflammation and release their content to inflammatory target cells enables them to increase local efficacy with only limited systemic exposure and adverse effects. Nonetheless, few liposomal formulations seem to reach the clinic. The current review provides an overview of the more recent innovations in liposomal treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, vascular inflammation, and transplantation. Cutting edge developments include the liposomal delivery of gene and RNA therapeutics and the use of hybrid systems where several liposomal bilayer features, or several drugs, are combined in a single formulation. The majority of the articles reviewed here focus on preclinical animal studies where proof-of-principle of an improved efficacy–safety ratio is observed when using liposomal formulations. A few clinical studies are included as well, which brings us to a discussion about the challenges of clinical translation of liposomal nanomedicines in the field of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals miRNAomic Approach to Plant Nitrogen Starvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Peerzada Yasir Yousuf ◽  
Peerzada Arshid Shabir ◽  
Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Current Review ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Growth Development

Nitrogen (N) is one of the indispensable nutrients required by plants for their growth, development, and survival. Being a limited nutrient, it is mostly supplied exogenously to the plants, to maintain quality and productivity. The increased use of N fertilizers is associated with high-cost inputs and negative environmental consequences, which necessitates the development of nitrogen-use-efficient plants for sustainable agriculture. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying N metabolism in plants under low N is one of the prerequisites for the development of nitrogen-use-efficient plants. One of the important and recently discovered groups of regulatory molecules acting at the posttranscriptional and translational levels are microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are known to play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression in plants under different stress conditions including N stress. Several classes of miRNAs associated with N metabolism have been identified so far. These nitrogen-responsive miRNAs may provide a platform for a better understanding of the regulation of N metabolism and pave a way for the development of genotypes for better N utilization. The current review presents a brief outline of miRNAs and their regulatory role in N metabolism.

scholarly journals Genome edited colorectal cancer organoid models reveal distinct microRNA activity patterns across different mutation profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Villanueva ◽  
Lawrence Kwong ◽  
Teng Han ◽  
Salvador Alonso Martinez ◽  
Fong Cheng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Insight Into

Somatic mutations drive colorectal cancer (CRC) by disrupting gene regulatory mechanisms. Distinct combinations of mutations can result in unique changes to regulatory mechanisms leading to variability in the efficacy of therapeutics. MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and their activity can be altered by oncogenic mutations. However, it is unknown how distinct combinations of CRC-risk mutations differentially affect microRNAs. Here, using genetically-modified mouse intestinal organoid (enteroid) models, we identify ten different modules of microRNA expression patterns across distinct combinations of mutations common in CRC. We also show that miR-24-3p, which is aberrant in genetically-modified mouse enteroids and human colonoids irrespective of mutational context, is a master regulator of gene expression in CRC. In follow-up experiments, we also demonstrate that miR-24 promotes CRC cell survival. These findings offer insight into the mechanisms that drive inter-tumor heterogeneity and highlight candidate microRNA therapeutic targets for the advancement of precision medicine for CRC.

scholarly journals Super-enhancer-guided mapping of regulatory networks controlling mouse trophoblast stem cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bum-Kyu Lee ◽  
Yu jin Jang ◽  
Mijeong Kim ◽  
Lucy LeBlanc ◽  
Catherine Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Super Enhancer ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

Abstract Trophectoderm (TE) lineage development is pivotal for proper implantation, placentation, and healthy pregnancy. However, only a few TE-specific transcription factors (TFs) have been systematically characterized, hindering our understanding of the process. To elucidate regulatory mechanisms underlying TE development, here we map super-enhancers (SEs) in trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) as a model. We find both prominent TE-specific master TFs (Cdx2, Gata3, and Tead4), and >150 TFs that had not been previously implicated in TE lineage, that are SE-associated. Mapping targets of 27 SE-predicted TFs reveals a highly intertwined transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Intriguingly, SE-predicted TFs show 4 distinct expression patterns with dynamic alterations of their targets during TSC differentiation. Furthermore, depletion of a subset of TFs results in dysregulation of the markers for specialized cell types in placenta, suggesting a role during TE differentiation. Collectively, we characterize an expanded TE-specific regulatory network, providing a framework for understanding TE lineage development and placentation.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Potential Genes Involved in Cancer by Integrated Comparative Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9560
Author(s):  
Francesco Monticolo ◽  
Emanuela Palomba ◽  
Maria Luisa Chiusano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Multiple Species

The main hallmarks of cancer diseases are the evasion of programmed cell death, uncontrolled cell division, and the ability to invade adjacent tissues. The explosion of omics technologies offers challenging opportunities to identify molecular agents and processes that may play relevant roles in cancer. They can support comparative investigations, in one or multiple experiments, exploiting evidence from one or multiple species. Here, we analyzed gene expression data from induction of programmed cell death and stress response in Homo sapiens and compared the results with Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression during the response to cell death. The aim was to identify conserved candidate genes associated with Homo sapiens cell death, favored by crosslinks based on orthology relationships between the two species. We identified differentially-expressed genes, pathways that are significantly dysregulated across treatments, and characterized genes among those involved in induced cell death. We investigated on co-expression patterns and identified novel genes that were not expected to be associated with death pathways, that have a conserved pattern of expression between the two species. Finally, we analyzed the resulting list by HumanNet and identified new genes predicted to be involved in cancer. The data integration and the comparative approach between distantly-related reference species that were here exploited pave the way to novel discoveries in cancer therapy and also contribute to detect conserved genes potentially involved in programmed cell death.

Global Analysis of Age-Related Expression Profiles of Mouse Liver Genes: Toward Understanding Age-Related Homeostasis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3938-3938
Author(s):  
Sumiko Kurachi ◽  
Emi Suenaga ◽  
Kotoku Kurachi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Microarray Analyses

Abstract For understanding aging as well as various age-related diseases, it is critical to establish the basic regulatory mechanisms underlying age-related homeostatsis. Through systematic analyses of transgenic mice carrying factor IX and protein C genes, we recently discovered the first molecular mechanism of age-related homeostasis, ASE/AIE-mediated age-related regulatory mechanism of gene expression (Kurachi et. al., Science 1999; Zhang et. al., J. Biol. Chem. 2002; J. Thromb. Haemost. 2005). This laid the foundation for further studies toward an integrated understanding of age-related homeostasis. Here we report global analyses of age-related expression profiles of mouse liver genes. For quantification of expression levels of liver genes of mice at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month of age, Affymetrix GeneChip® Mouse Expression Array 430A (MOE430A with 23,643 probes) were used. These microarray analyses detected 9148 probes as qualified meaningful and the data were subjected to extensive analyses by GeneSpring and IPA network analysis softwares. Real time PCR analyses of representative genes were performed for verifying excellent reproducibility of age-related expression profiles determined by microarray analyses. Age-related stages, particularly of puberty and aging, were identified as the major phases for age-related changes in gene expression. Strong relationships between expression level and ontology, indicating that the highest expression gene group, next highest expression group and lowest level expression gene group are of secreted proteins, mitochondoreal proteins and nuclear regulatory protein, respectively. Most importantly, we successfully identified about a dozen unique and fundamental age-related gene expression patterns including those of age-related stable, gradual increase or decrease, and aging-related dramatic increase or decrease types of expression. These findings led us to a new hypothesis that complex and dynamic age-related regulations of genes are produced by a relatively small number of fundamental regulatory mechanisms. These mechanisms may function independently or in various combinations, thus explaining an essential feature of age-related homeostasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document