Fungal elicitor-mediated responses in pine cell cultures: cell wall-bound phenolics*

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm M. Campbell ◽  
Brian E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Fungal Elicitor ◽  
Bound Phenolics

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors of Stilbenes Production in Vitis vinifera L. Cell Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Martin Sák ◽  
Ivana Dokupilová ◽  
Šarlota Kaňuková ◽  
Michaela Mrkvová ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Abiotic Elicitors ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Red Grape

The in vitro cell cultures derived from the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) have been used for the production of stilbenes treated with different biotic and abiotic elicitors. The red-grape cultivar Váh has been elicited by natural cellulose from Trichoderma viride, the cell wall homogenate from Fusarium oxysporum and synthetic jasmonates. The sodium-orthovanadate, known as an inhibitor of hypersensitive necrotic response in treated plant cells able to enhance production and release of secondary metabolite into the cultivation medium, was used as an abiotic elicitor. Growth of cells and the content of phenolic compounds trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, δ-viniferin, and ɛ-viniferin, were analyzed in grapevine cells treated by individual elicitors. The highest accumulation of analyzed individual stilbenes, except of trans-piceid has been observed after treatment with the cell wall homogenate from F. oxysporum. Maximum production of trans-resveratrol, δ- and ɛ-viniferins was triggered by treatment with cellulase from T. viride. The accumulation of trans-piceid in cell cultures elicited by this cellulase revealed exactly the opposite effect, with almost three times higher production of trans-resveratrol than that of trans-piceid. This study suggested that both used fungal elicitors can enhance production more effectively than commonly used jasmonates.

scholarly journals Changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes induced in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by two fractions of Sirococcus strobilinus mycelian

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
M. Hrubcová ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
O. Martincová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
In Cells

We examined defence responses in embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) elicited by intracellular protein and cell wall fractions (PF and WF, respectively) prepared from mycelia of the fungus Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss focusing on changes in (soluble and cell wall-bound) phenolic and stilbene concentrations. Treatment with both preparations induced an increase in the total contents of phenolic acids in Norway spruce cells and variations in the levels of stilbene glycosides. More rapid and intense induction of defence response was observed in cells after WF application. The contents of soluble phenolic acids (especially benzoic acid derivatives) and cell wall-bound phenolic acids (especially ferulic acid) started to increase (relative to controls) within 4 h after the addition of the WF preparation and remained high in elicited cells for 8–12 h. A moderate increase in phenolic acids in cells exposed to the PF preparation was observed within 8 h after application. However, after 24 h of WF treatment a decline of total phenolics was observed, while in PF elicited Norway spruce cells the phenolic content continued to increase. Significantly decreased concentrations of stilbene glycosides, isorhapontin, astringin and piceid, were determined in PF and WF treated Norway spruce cell cultures. The total content of stilbene glycosides decreased within 8 h after WF application to 68% of the amount determined in the control and within 12 h to 73% of the control in PF-treated cells. These results demonstrate that both PF and WF prepared from the Sirococcus strobilinus mycelium elicit changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, which are involved in the defence responses of plants to pathogens.

scholarly journals Internal Resistance in Winter Oilseed Rape Inhibits Systemic Spread of the Vascular Pathogen Verticillium longisporum

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Eynck ◽  
B. Koopmann ◽  
P. Karlovsky ◽  
A. von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Bound Phenolics

Verticillium longisporum is a vascular fungal pathogen presently threatening oilseed rape production in Europe. Systemic spread and vascular responses were studied in a susceptible (‘Falcon’) and a resistant genotype (SEM 05-500256) of Brassica napus. Colonization of both genotypes after dip-inoculation of the roots followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed similarities only in the initial stages of root penetration and colonization of the hypocotyl, while a substantial invasion of the shoot was only recorded in ‘Falcon’. It is concluded that the type of resistance represented in SEM 05-500256 does not prevent the plant base from being invaded as it is internally expressed well after root penetration and colonization of the plant base. The morphological and biochemical nature of barriers induced in the hypocotyl tissue upon infection was studied with histochemical methods accompanied by biochemical analyses. Histochemical studies revealed the build-up of vascular occlusions and the reinforcement of tracheary elements through the deposition of cell wall-bound phenolics and lignin. Furthermore, the accumulation of soluble phenolics was observed. Although these responses were found in vascular tissues of both genotypes, they occurred with a significantly higher intensity in the resistant genotype and corresponded with the disease phenotype. In the resistant genotype phenols were differentially expressed in a time-dependent manner with preformed soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics at earlier time points and de novo formation of lignin and lignin-like polymers at later stages of infection. This is the first study identifying a crucial role of phenol metabolism in internal defense of B. napus against V. longisporum and locating the crucial defense responses in the plant hypocotyl.

Cell wall reinforcement in watermelon shoot base related to its resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-H. CHANG ◽  
Y.-H. LIN ◽  
K.-S. CHEN ◽  
J.-W. HUANG ◽  
S.-C. HSIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Shoot Base ◽  
Bound Phenolics

SUMMARYFusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, is one of the limiting factors for watermelon production in Taiwan. In recent research, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expressed in the shoot base of the Fusarium wilt resistant line JSB was related to Fusarium wilt resistance. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is the key regulatory enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. The downstream products of phenolic compounds are considered to be involved in the complicated plant defence mechanisms. They could act as signal molecules, antimicrobial substances and/or structural barriers. To study the resistant mechanisms of Fusarium wilt, the resistant JSB line was examined for comparison of F. oxysporum-watermelon interactions with the susceptible Grand Baby (GB) cultivar. Unlike infected GB, which was seriously colonized by F. oxysporum in the whole plant, the pathogen was limited below the shoot base of inoculated JSB, suggesting that the shoot base of JSB may contribute to Fusarium resistance. The data indicated that a significant increase in PAL activity was found in shoot bases of the resistant JSB line at 3, 9, 12 and 15 days after inoculation (DAI). Shoot bases of resistant watermelons accumulated higher amounts of soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics at 3–9 DAI; the susceptible GB cultivar, however, only increased the cell wall-bound phenolics in shoot bases at 3 DAI. High lignin deposition in the cell walls of vascular bundles was observed in the shoot bases of JSB but not of GB seedlings at 6 and 9 DAI. In the roots and shoot bases of JSB seedlings at 6 DAI, peroxidase enzyme activity increased significantly. In summary, the results suggest that accumulation of cell wall-bound phenolics and increase of peroxidase activity in shoot bases of JSB seedlings during F. oxysporum inoculation, together with the rapid deposition of lignin in the cell walls of vascular bundles, may have provided structural barriers in resistant JSB line to defend against F. oxysporum invasion.

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