scholarly journals HIV-1: maternal prognosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia El Beitune ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Silvana Maria Quintana ◽  
Ernesto Antônio Figueiró-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immunologic Function ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv 1

Profound modifications in the profile of patients are currently being observed within the epidemic context of AIDS, especially with respect to pauperization and feminization of the disease. The population most frequently affected is in the reproductive age, and among adults aged 18 to 24 years, the ratio is 1 man to 1 woman, a phenomenon occurring uniformly all over the world. One of the main challenges for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their doctors is the effect of the interaction between HIV infection and pregnancy. The present article is a review of the literature; and its objective is to assess the influence of HIV-1 infection seen from the maternal perspective, with a discussion of immunologic function, maternal prognosis, and the HIV-abortion interface. At present, we cannot conclude that pregnancy has a short-term effect on the evolution of HIV infection, but the concomitance of HIV and pregnancy may adversely affect the prognosis of gestation, especially in view of its frequent association with increased abortion and puerperal morbidity rates.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS WITH THE ISOLATED GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY, THE ACTIVE AND CLINICALLY CURED TUBERCULOSIS OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS IN COMBINATION WITH PREGNANCY

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
A. V. Mordyk ◽  
G. A. Valeyeva ◽  
A. A. Yakovleva ◽  
L. V. Puzyreva
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Venereal Diseases ◽  
Genital Tuberculosis ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

Due to the high incidence of tuberculosis of women of reproductive age research at 270 patients was conducted. The group of research included women with infertility and genital tuberculosis, pregnant women with active tuberculosis of lungs, pregnant women with clinically cured tuberculosis of respiratory organs. Pregnant women with tuberculosis of lungs were more often from sociopathic families, had venereal diseases, HIV infection, hepatitises.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Luanda (Angola): geospatial distribution and its association with socio-demographic and clinical-obstetric determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Nkutxi Vueba ◽  
Ricardo Almendra ◽  
Paula Santana ◽  
Clarissa Faria ◽  
Maria do Céu Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background HIV and HBV infections remain responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality in many African Countries, affecting women and newborns. This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of HIV and HBV infections in pregnant women in Luanda, Angola, and the statistical association between HIV and HBV and socio-economic characteristics, hygiene, and health status. Methods Detection of anti-HIV antibodies (total anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 and HIV-1 p24 antigen) and Hepatitis B antigens (HBsAg, HBeAg) and antibodies (anti-HBc Total II, HBc IgM, Anti-HBsT II) was performed by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) in serum samples of 878 pregnant women attended at the Lucrecia Paim Maternity Hospital (LPMH). Data were collected by questionnaire after written consent, and spatial distribution was assessed through a Kernel Density Function. The potential risk factors associated with HIV HBV infection were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis. Results Anti-HIV antibodies were positive in 118 samples (13.4%) and HBV infection were positive in 226 (25.7%). The seroprevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection was of 6.3%. The results showed that the seroprevalence of HBV was similar in most municipalities: 25.8% in Belas; 26.6% in Viana; 27.6% in Luanda; 19.2% in Cacuaco; and 15.6% Cazenga. For HIV, the seroprevalence was also close ranges among the municipalities: 10.0% in Belas; 14.5% in Viana 14.9% in Luanda and 12.5% in Cazenga. However, the seroprevalence in municipality of in Cacuaco was lower (5.8%) and bivariate and multivariate analysis showed a lower risk for HIV in this area (OR 0.348, CI 0.083–0.986; OR 0.359, CI 0.085–1.021). The multivariate analysis had also showed a significant increased risk for HIV in women with 2 or 3 births (OR 1.860, CI 1.054–3.372). Conclusions Our results underlined the need to improve the screening and clinical follow-up of HIV and HBV in Angola, as well the educational campaigns to prevent not only the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases, but also their transmission, mainly in women in reproductive age and pregnant, encouraging the pre-natal consultations in order to avoid mother-to-child transmission.

scholarly journals Short Term Effect of Virtual Reality on Eye Accommodative Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Movie ◽  
Harmful Effects

Virtual reality (VR) is a fast-growing technology in the world today. Many countries use virtual reality for many purposes such as education, military and entertainment. Despite the benefits of VR, harmful effects of VR on the users are still inconclusive. With only a few reliable studies that investigate the effect of virtual reality on the users especially on the eyes, yet still there are a lot more things we do not know about the effects of VR. The purpose of this study was to compare the amplitude of accommodation before and after watching 3-dimesional (3D) movie utilizing VR and notebook (control group). Thirty-two participants volunteered in this study and all participants underwent amplitude of accommodation (AA) test using Royal Army Force (RAF) rule before and after watching three-dimensional (3D) movie for 30 minutes using VR and two-dimensional (2D) movie by laptop. The amplitude of accommodation between pre- and post-watching 3D movie on VR was insignificantly changed (p= >0.05). The similar trend was also found after 30 minutes watching movie using laptop (p= >0.05). The utilization of VR and laptop for 30 minutes did insignificantly alter the eye accommodation.

Maternal infection in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 2671-2677
Author(s):  
Rosie Burton
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter will consider infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, and malaria in pregnancy. The global roll-out of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved survival for people living with HIV and reduced mother-to-child transmission, but HIV infection remains a leading cause of maternal mortality, infant death, and early childhood death. Most women with HIV infection are in sub-Saharan Africa, where the highest prevalence is among young women of reproductive age. Meanwhile, tuberculosis is a major cause of maternal mortality. Active tuberculosis also adversely affects pregnancy outcomes, with an increased risk of preterm delivery, growth restriction, and perinatal death. Malaria is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women are more susceptible to malaria, have more severe disease, and may deteriorate rapidly. In severe malaria, mortality is 15–20% in non-pregnant women, compared to 50% in pregnancy. Primigravidae are at highest risk of severe malaria and death.

scholarly journals Imunologi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dalam Kehamilan

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maya Savira
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus can be spread through sexual contact , blood products and vertical transmission ofthe mother to the fetus . The high incidence of HIV / AIDS around the world in women over 15 years old and childrenunder the age of 15 years gives an overview of HIV / AIDS cases in pregnant women likely to have a high incidence.HIV viral RNA viruses belonged to two different types , namely HIV - 1 and HIV - 2 . Most cases are caused by HIV- 1. HIV primarily infects CD4 lymphocytes or T helper ( Th ), the numbers will decrease , as well as the function ofthe immune system will decrease. During pregnancy occurs emphasis on immune cells, with or without HIV infection.Study in France showed no significant progression between the immune system of pregnant women with HIV andnormal pregnant women . T reg on HIV infection in lymphoid tissue accumulated and the number of T reg postpartum was higher in patients with HIV infection compared to HIV- negative . Human Leukocyte antigen - G ( HLA- G ) inhibits cell-mediated immune response and can penetrate the placenta spread of HIV - 1 infection and increasethe risk of vertical transmission . Major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) encodes HLA - G to inhibit natural killercells ( NK cells) that supports the entry of the virus passes through the placental barrier in HIV- 1 positive pregnantwomen . HIV infection activates CD8 expressing HLA - DR antigen . CD8 immune activation in chronic HIV becomesa factor decreasing CD4 count . The expression of HLA - DR and CD38 on CD8 T lymphocytes that recognize CD4eliminated by HIV infection Total CD8 , CD38 , and HLA - DR is reduced in HIV- positive pregnant women may bea prognostic parameters of immune status.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATERNAL HIV IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME ON THE RISK OF ADVERSE PREGNANCY-FETAL OUTCOMES IN HIV-1 POSITIVE, ART NAIVE PREGNANT WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, NAIROBI, KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthuka John Kyalo ◽  
Yeri Kombe ◽  
Makokha Anzelimo ◽  
Michael Kiptoo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome (IRIS) is a recovery disease that may be triggered after starting ARV therapy in some individuals. The incidence of adverse pregnancy-fetal outcomes with IRIS has not been studied in Kenya among pregnant women, with focus only, on improved immune response and PMTCT after ART initiation. The indirect effect of ART, the maternal HIV - IRIS on pregnancy outcome has not been elucidated. More than 10% of the global burden of disease is due to pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy and related birth outcomes and despite recent advances in obstetric medicine, pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes are a growing public health concern and economic burden on the health-care system. This has substantial burden of adverse pregnancy-fetal outcomes with prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small gestational age infants of 19.8%, 14.2%, and 12.6%, respectively, and of still birth and neonatal mortalityat1.9% and 0.4%, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome on the risk of adverse pregnancy-fetal outcomes in HIV-1 positive; ART initiated pregnant women of reproductive age in selected hospitals, Nairobi, Kenya. Methodology: The study was conducted among 204 HIV-1 positive, ART initiated pregnant women of reproductive age in selected hospitals, Nairobi, Kenya. A prospective cohort study design was used where the subjects were recruited and followed from the end of first trimester for six and half months after they were confirmed to be HIV positive, and put on ARV treatment using a pretested data collection tool. Bivariate analyses with chi-square test to establish the association between the variables at p-value < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent outcome predictors. Adjusted relative risk at 95% confidence interval was determined. Results: The study indicated that, adverse pregnancy-fetal outcome cumulative incidence was 26.47% among women diagnosed with IRIS compared to 10.78% among women not diagnosed with IRIS. The incidence rate estimate was 0.012 and 0.0045 per person’s week respectively with a rate ratio of 012/.0045=2.7. Women with IRIS had 2.46 times the risk of experiencing an adverse pregnancy-fetal outcome compared to those who did not [OR=3; 95%CI: 1.4-6.4; P=.004]. LBW cumulative incidence was the highest with 11 (10.8%) among IRIS exposed women and 3 (2.9%) among non-IRIS exposed women and same case with PTB 8 (7.8%) and 3 (2.9%) respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship of maternal HIV-immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome diagnosis with adverse pregnancy-fetal outcomes as a result of ART initiation among HIV-1 positive, pregnant women of reproductive age. This study observes that, being diagnosed with maternal HIV-IRIS following ART initiation during pregnancy among ART naive women is associated with experiencing an adverse pregnancy outcome. This should be a concern in clinical practice as IRIS has self-resolution, it may on the other hand affect pregnancy outcome negatively. PMTCT should integrate monitoring of suspected IRIS cases using the latest defined criteria for its diagnosis in pregnant women starting ant-retroviral therapy especially in resource limited areas. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0658/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media Film Sebagai Upaya untuk Menyadarkan Ibu Hamil Mengenai Pentingnya Tes HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ratih Indraswari
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The World ◽  
Product Film ◽  
Information Media ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRAKWHO memperkirakan bahwa setiap harinya terdapat 1.600 anak-anak yang terinfeksi HIV, atau sekitar 600.000 infeksi HIV baru tiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Penularan melalui perinatal adalah cara penularan yang paling umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Lebih dari 90% kasus AIDS pada anak ditularkan melalui ibunya yang terinfeksi HIV. Sedangkan tes HIV sebagai satu-satunya cara menegakkan diagnosis infeksi HIV belum banyak diketahui ibu-ibu hamil. Sumber informasi mengenai hal ini pun masih sulit ditemui. Pemakaian media audiovisual terbukti sangat efektif dalam menyampaikan pesan. Selain paparan yang luas karena dapat ditayangkan melalui TV, film sebagai media audiovisual juga dinilai lebih menarik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media promosi kesehatan berupa film untuk menyadarkan ibu hamil mengenai pentingnya tes HIV. Penelitian ini mencakup tahapan analisis kebutuhan media informasi dan pengembangan media. Pada tahap analisis kebutuhan media menggunakan metode review literatur (2 penelitian, 2 buku ilmiah, 3 jurnal ilmiah) dan hasil pretest diperoleh dari wawancara perseorangan. Sasaran adalah ibu-ibu hamil yang merupakan ibu rumah tangga beresiko tinggi tertular HIV, tinggal di daerah rural, berpendidikan 9-12 tahun, dan tingkat sosial ekonomi menengah. Film yang diproduksi berjudul “Status” bercerita mengenai seorang suami yang gigih mencari tempat tes HIV untuk istrinya yang sedang hamil. Sebelumnya, rancangan skrip film telah dilakukan ujicoba dan perbaikan sesuai dengan hasil pretest yang didiskusikan dengan para ahli. Film dapat ditayangkan di RS, Puskesmas, Posyandu dan saat melakukan penyuluhan.Kata Kunci : Media, Film, Tes HIV, Ibu HamilDeveloping Movie For Pregnant Women To Aware With Hiv Test; The World Health Organization estimates that, every day, about 1600 children is infected with HIV, or there are about 600,000 new infections annually in children throughout the world. Perinatal HIV transmission is the most common route of HIV infection in children. It is now the source of more than 90% of all AIDS cases in children. HIV test, as the only way for make sure the diagnosis, is less known by pregnant women. Information sources are also difficult to get. Using audiovisual in sending message is effective. It’s huge in reaching people and very interesting as well.This research was aimed to develop movie for pregnant women to aware with HIV test. Literature review (2 researches, 2 scientific books, 3 journal) method was used to analyze information media need. Pretest was conducted by personal interview. The population of this research was pregnant women with high HIV infection risk who are housewives, lived in rural area, 9-12 study years, and middle socio economic level. The movie titled “Status” which is story a husband who not to yield in finding HIV testing place for his pregnant wife. Before, script was pretested, discussed and revised for betterment product. Film can be played in hospital, health center, and HIV socialization as well.Keywords : Media, movie, HIV test, Pregnant Women.

Oxidative stress in HIV infection and its effects on the female reproductive system and pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Olga A. Nikitina ◽  
Anait Yu. Maryanyan ◽  
Lyubov I. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
The World

The epidemic situation of HIV infection in the world today remains extremely difficult. In recent years, the virus has been increasingly affecting the so-called prosperous segments of the population. This is confirmed by the increase in the percentage of heterosexual transmission. Thus, in 2019, almost 60% of HIV infections were associated with this type of transmission. The determination of possible differences in the course of the infection by gender has been of interest to researchers from the very beginning of the epidemic. Undoubtedly, there should be differences in the course of the disease in men and women, especially taking into account pregnancy and childbirth in women, and this is the subject of numerous studies in various countries. In the world medical literature, the clinical course of the disease is adequately covered. However, at present, little is known about lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant blood system in HIV patients, including pregnant women. This article presents a review of the current state of the problem and analyzes studies of free radical oxidation in HIV-infected people. This study was aimed at the analysis and discussion of data on free radical and antioxidant system activities in HIV-infected people, including pregnant women.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Zidovudine on Plasma and Genital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Viral Turnover in These Compartments

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 7702-7705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Julie Overbaugh ◽  
Dana DeVange Panteleeff ◽  
Ruth Nduati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was determined in 42 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-seropositive women in Nairobi. After 7 days of zidovudine treatment, HIV-1 RNA levels decreased by 0.5 to 1.1 log10 in plasma and genital secretions. HIV-1 RNA half-life following zidovudine treatment was 4.7, 1.3, and 0.9 days in plasma, cervix, and vagina, respectively, and significantly shorter in genital secretions than in plasma (P < 0.001). Defining the short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital HIV-1 is important for improving perinatal HIV-1 interventions.

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