Control of carbohydrate utilization by soil microflora

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Macura ◽  
Zinaida Kubátová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

Shrimp Waste as a Respiration Substrate for Soil Microflora of the Chełmżyńskie Lake Watershed

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Swiontek Brzezinska ◽  
Elżbieta Lalke-Porczyk ◽  
Wojciech Donderski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Shrimp Waste

Characteristics of soil microflora of Panax notoginseng in different continuous cropping years

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Liu ◽  
X.Y. Yang ◽  
Z.Q. Miao ◽  
S.D. Li ◽  
Y.H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Continuous Cropping

Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Lyubov K. Altunina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir P. Burkov ◽  
Petr V. Burkov ◽  
Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals Quantifying fluorescent glycan uptake to elucidate strain-level variability in foraging behaviors of rumen bacteria

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeann Klassen ◽  
Greta Reintjes ◽  
Jeffrey P. Tingley ◽  
Darryl R. Jones ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

AbstractGut microbiomes, such as the microbial community that colonizes the rumen, have vast catabolic potential and play a vital role in host health and nutrition. By expanding our understanding of metabolic pathways in these ecosystems, we will garner foundational information for manipulating microbiome structure and function to influence host physiology. Currently, our knowledge of metabolic pathways relies heavily on inferences derived from metagenomics or culturing bacteria in vitro. However, novel approaches targeting specific cell physiologies can illuminate the functional potential encoded within microbial (meta)genomes to provide accurate assessments of metabolic abilities. Using fluorescently labeled polysaccharides, we visualized carbohydrate metabolism performed by single bacterial cells in a complex rumen sample, enabling a rapid assessment of their metabolic phenotype. Specifically, we identified bovine-adapted strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that metabolized yeast mannan in the rumen microbiome ex vivo and discerned the mechanistic differences between two distinct carbohydrate foraging behaviors, referred to as “medium grower” and “high grower.” Using comparative whole-genome sequencing, RNA-seq, and carbohydrate-active enzyme fingerprinting, we could elucidate the strain-level variability in carbohydrate utilization systems of the two foraging behaviors to help predict individual strategies of nutrient acquisition. Here, we present a multi-faceted study using complimentary next-generation physiology and “omics” approaches to characterize microbial adaptation to a prebiotic in the rumen ecosystem.

scholarly journals TWO BLOCKS IN CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION IN THE LIVER OF THE DIABETIC RAT

1951 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Chernick ◽  
I.L. Chaikoff
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

scholarly journals Effects of carbon concentration, oxygen, and controlled pH on the engineering strain Lactiplantibacillus casei E1 in the production of bioethanol from sugarcane molasses

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Ran Tian ◽  
Buwei Liu ◽  
Hongcai Wang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Engineering Strain ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Cane Molasses

AbstractSugarcane molasses are considered a potential source for bioethanol’s commercial production because of its availability and low market price. It contains high concentrations of fermentable sugars that can be directly metabolized by microbial fermentation. Heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactiplantibacillus casei, have a high potential to be a biocatalyst in ethanol production that they are characterized by strong abilities of carbohydrate metabolism, ethanol synthesis, and high alcohol tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing ethanol by Lactiplantibacillus casei used the ethanologen engineering strain L. casei E1 as a starter culture and cane molasses as substrate medium. The effects of environmental factors on the metabolism of L. casei E1 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and the gene expression of key enzymes in carbon source metabolism was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (RT–qPCR). Results showed that the strain could grow well, ferment sugar quickly in cane molasses. By fermenting this bacterium anaerobically at 37 °C for 36 h incubation in 5 °BX molasses when the fermenter’s pH was controlled at 6.0, ethanol yield reached 13.77 g/L, and carbohydrate utilization percentage was 78.60%. RT-qPCR results verified the strain preferentially ferment glucose and fructose of molasses to ethanol at the molecular level. In addition, the metabolism of sugars, especially fructose, would be inhibited by elevating acidity. Our findings support the theoretical basis for exploring Lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture for converting sugarcane molasses into ethanol.

scholarly journals CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION

1925 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Vincent du Vigneaud ◽  
Walter G. Karr
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Utilization

Methodology in Accelerated Biodegradation of Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravva V. Subba-Rao ◽  
Thomas H. Cromartie ◽  
Reed A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Additional Index

Accelerated biodegradation of herbicides in soils can be demonstrated in the laboratory either by treating soil samples with a herbicide under conditions favorable for microbial growth or by sampling field soils soon after herbicidal treatment. Quantitative measurement of accelerated degradation of thiocarbamates in field soils is complicated by the difficulty both of obtaining a proper untreated soil and of obtaining a representative sample by proper mixing of treated soil. Both bacteria and fungi degrade thiocarbamate herbicides, and examples of either class of organisms can be isolated by suitable selection and enrichment conditions. The enzymes involved in the initial steps of thiocarbamate biodegradation seem labile and have not been characterized. Studies of accelerated biodegradation of pesticides should measure the disappearance of the parent or active herbicide using chemical analyses or bioassays. Measuring accelerated biodegradation by determining metabolites (including CO2) is complicated by potential formation of other products, by incorporation of radioactivity into soil microflora, and by complex kinetics partly due to co-metabolism of the herbicide. Additional index words: EPTC, butylate.

Tropical soil microflora of spice-based cropping systems as potential antagonists of root-knot nematodes

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh J. Eapen ◽  
B. Beena ◽  
K.V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes
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