Friction measurement by using a scratch test method

Wear ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nieminen ◽  
P. Andersson ◽  
K. Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Friction Measurement

Nanomultilayer Coatings Based on Vanadium Nitride

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Smolik ◽  
Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Słomka ◽  
Jan Bujak ◽  
Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Material Solution

Based on the analysis of the research directions in the field of coatings and layers with special operating properties, the production technologies of composite coatings, including the gradient, multi-layer, and multi-component coatings, should be distinct. The paper presents the results of material properties tests of a multi-layer coating Ti / TiN / TiAlNgradient / (TiAlN/VN)multinano obtained on hot working steel EN X32CrMoV3.3. The preparation of the multilayer coating was specially designed to increase the durability of forging dies in the brass forging process. The authors discuss the results of the microstructure tests for the obtained coatings (STEM+FIB) and present the hardness and Young's modulus as a function of the distance from the surface (nanoHardness Tester CSM) and the results of adhesion tests carried out using a scratch-test method. The obtained multilayer coatings were also subject to a tribological test using a tribometer tester by DUCOM. The authors indicate that the coatings based on vanadium nitride have very high hardness and Young's modulus (HV = 32–35 GPa, E = 420–450 GPa), a much lower coefficient of friction in combination with brass than steel, and a lower stability of these parameters at elevated temperatures. According to the authors, the coating represents an interesting material solution to increase the durability of forging dies in the process of brass forging.

Influence of Aging Processes on Adhesion Properties of Metallic and Oxidic Thin Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ottermann ◽  
Y. Tomita ◽  
M. Ishiyama ◽  
K. Bange
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Adhesion Properties

AbstractAdhesion of oxidic and metallic films with thicknesses between 40 nm and 350 nm has been investigated by means of a scratch-test method based on a vibrating diamond micro-indenter. SiO2 and TiO2 films are precipitated on fused silica substrates by sol-gel techniques (SG), reactive evaporation (RE), reactive low-voltage ion plating (IP), and plasma impulse chemical vapour deposition (PICVD), and Cr-layers are produced by rf magnetron sputtering (SP). The influence of aging effects on film adhesion is investigated in respect of several conditions, like storage under ambient surroundings with differences in relative humidity or temperature treatment. A method is presented allowing control of the long-term stability of the scratch-test conditions. Temperature treatment up to 600 °C is found to have the most significant impact on adhesion properties. Adhesion increases for some SiO2 films, whereas for TiO2 layers an opposite behavior is observed. Here, the adhesion of the originally amorphous titania films is reduced due to the phase transition to polycrystalline anatase, which correlates with a significant increase in film stress.

Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Snow Plow Blade Cutting Edges Using the Scratch Test Method

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Petersen ◽  
RE Link ◽  
Y Wei ◽  
WA Nixon ◽  
Z Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Blade Cutting

scholarly journals Electrophoretic deposition of nc-TiO2/chitosan composite coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 stainless steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ledwig ◽  
M. Kot ◽  
T. Moskalewicz ◽  
B. Dubiel
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polarization Test ◽  
Chitosan Composite

Abstract This paper presents the results of the optimization of electrophoretic deposition parameters for manufacturing of nc-TiO2/chitosan composite coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel as well as characterization of their microstructure, electrochemical properties and adhesion to the substrate. The parameters of the deposition, such as composition, pH and zeta potential of suspensions as well as voltage and process time were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Obtained coatings were crack-free and uniform. The adhesion strength to the substrate was measured by scratch-test method. The deposited coatings improve corrosion resistance of steel, what was confirmed by the results of the potentiodynamic polarization test in Ringer’s solution.

Applications of the scratch test method for coating adhesion assessment

Wear ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Valli ◽  
Ulla Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coating Adhesion

Evaluating the bond strength of opaque material on porcelain fused to metal restorations (PFM) alloys by scratch test method

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 3225-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Culha ◽  
M. Zor ◽  
M. Ali Gungor ◽  
Y. Arman ◽  
M. Toparli
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Opaque Material

Surface Morphology, Crystal Orientation and Scratch Properties of Au/NiCr/Ta Multi-Layered Metallic Films

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1863-1866
Author(s):  
Wu Tang ◽  
Long Jiang Deng ◽  
Ke Wei Xu ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Friction Mode

The crystal orientation, surface morphology, surface roughness and scratch properties of Au/NiCr/Ta multi-layered metallic films was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a scratch test method, respectively. It was clarified that the surface morphology and surface roughness depend on the substrate temperature. The surface roughness decreases from 4.259nm to 2.935nm when substrate temperature changed from 100°C to 180°C, and then increases when substrate temperature above 180°C. The XRD revealed that there are only Au diffraction peaks with highly textured having a Au-(111) or a mixture of Au-(111) and Au-(200) orientation. The micro-scratch test reveals that both modes can be used for conventionally critical load determination, but the friction mode can additionally reflect the changes at different metallic film layers, the critical characteristic load was not sensitive to substrate temperature.

THE ABRASION OF AL-SI COATINGS WITH DIFFERENT SILICON CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY, APPLIED IN AUTOMOTIVE SILENCERS

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Anna WRÓBEL-KNYSAK ◽  
Barbara KUCHARSKA
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper compares the abrasibility of aluminium-silicon coatings with silicon crystals of various forms. The tests were performed on Al-Si coatings with the chemical comp67890-osition corresponding to that of hypoeutectic and peritectic silumins (6-10wt% Si), manufactured by hot-dipping on type X2CrTi12 steel and by cold cladding with 60% cold reduction on AlMn1Cu alloy. The hot-dip coatings deposited on X2CrTi12 steel were investigated as made and after a two-stage heat treatment: 420oC/2h/water and 120oC/2h/air. The morphology, shape, and size of silicon crystals in the coatings were studied under a microscope and with the image analysis technique (determining the shape factor among other parameters). Image analysis was also applied to the evaluation of abrasive wear resistance of the coatings using a ball wear test. Their adhesion strength was tested with the scratch test method. The test results indicated that the change in Al-Si coating silicon crystal morphology (from large sharp edged and needle-like to smaller rounded particles) was heat induced, which, compared to the pre-treatment condition, lowered abrasion resistance values and produced a more uniform abrasion loss. This condition was regarded as more desirable in terms of maintaining the coating continuity during drawing, with no risk of spalling. It was also demonstrated that clad Al-Si coatings could provide an alternative solution for the widely used hot dip coatings on steel sheet.

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