Free amino acids in live freshwater zooplankton and dry feed: Possible importance for first feeding in Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar)

Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar) obtained from an artificial spawning channel and a deep-substrate incubator, were reared in mesh "troughs" in an artificial rearing channel and in floating lake cages. Fry placed in the lake cages were able to complete their first feeding phase on a diet of natural lake zooplankton but growth performance was improved when artifical diets were used to supplement natural food. Parr fed selectively on Daphnia catawba and mature Epischura lacustris. Parr reared in the mesh troughs were hand-fed a commercial diet. The 90-d average release weight ranged from 1.8 to 3.1 g for parr from the mesh troughs and from 0.9 to 3.1 g for parr from the lake cages. Growth of parr in these experiments resulted in an average weight advantage of approximately 2.3–4.5 times over parr captured from natural riverine habitat at the end of the experiment. Overall swim-up fry to fall-fingerling survival from these experiments was 52% in 1983 and 76% in 1984. Survival and growth varied inversely with density in the mesh trough experiments.

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Endogenous production of n-3 long-chain PUFA from first feeding and the influence of dietary linoleic acid and the α-linolenic:linoleic ratio in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519001946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (10) ◽

pp. 1091-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew Sprague ◽

Gong Xu ◽

Monica B. Betancor ◽

Rolf E. Olsen ◽

Ole Torrissen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Chain Pufa ◽

First Feeding ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Salmon Fry ◽

Sunflower Oils ◽

Long Chain

AbstractAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) possess enzymes required for the endogenous biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), EPA and DHA, from α-linolenic acid (ALA). Linoleic acid (LA) competes with ALA for LC-PUFA biosynthesis enzymes leading to the production of n-6 LC-PUFA, including arachidonic acid (ARA). We aimed to quantify the endogenous production of EPA and DHA from ALA in salmon fed from first feeding on diets that contain no EPA and DHA and to determine the influence of dietary LA and ALA:LA ratio on LC-PUFA production. Salmon were fed from first feeding for 22 weeks with three diets formulated with linseed and sunflower oils to provide ALA:LA ratios of approximately 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. Endogenous production of n-3 LC-PUFA was 5·9, 4·4 and 2·8 mg per g fish and that of n-6 LC-PUFA was 0·2, 0·5 and 1·4 mg per g fish in salmon fed diets with ALA:LA ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. The ratio of n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA production decreased from 27·4 to 2·0, and DHA:EPA ratio increased and EPA:ARA and DHA:ARA ratios decreased, as dietary ALA:LA ratio decreased. In conclusion, with a dietary ALA:LA ratio of 1, salmon fry/parr produced about 28 μg n-3 LC-PUFA per g fish per d, with a DHA:EPA ratio of 3·4. Production of n-3 LC-PUFA exceeded that of n-6 LC-PUFA by almost 9-fold. Reducing the dietary ALA:LA ratio reduced n-3 LC-PUFA production and EPA:ARA and DHA:ARA ratios but increased n-6 LC-PUFA production and DHA:EPA ratio.

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The impact of different water gas levels on cataract formation, muscle and lens free amino acids, and lens antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein mRNA abundance in smolting Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.034 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 149 (4) ◽

pp. 396-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rune Waagbø ◽

Camilla Diesen Hosfeld ◽

Sveinung Fivelstad ◽

Pål A. Olsvik ◽

Olav Breck

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Free Amino ◽

Cataract Formation ◽

The Impact ◽

Water Gas

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Maintenance threonine requirement and efficiency of its use for accretion of whole-body threonine and protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051491 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 234-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rollin Xavier ◽

Jean-Baptiste Wauters ◽

Noélie Bodin ◽

Yvan Larondelle ◽

Wilfried Ooghe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Regression Line ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Protein ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Salmon Fry ◽

Indispensable Amino Acids

Eighteen groups of seventy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry (initial mean body weight 0·8 (sd 0·01) g) were fed on semi-purified diets containing graded levels of l-threonine (Thr) in 15 litres aquaria at a temperature of 14·5±1°C. Doses of Thr represented 1, 31, 41, 51, 62, 72, 83 and 93% of its ideal level for optimumprotein deposition. Indispensable amino acids other than Thr were included in the same proportion (on a g/16g N basis) as in the Atlantic salmon fry whole-body carcass. Following 36d of feeding and a 36h fast, fry were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Weight gain (r2 0·98), protein accretion (r2 0·97), and Thr accretion (r2 0·97) were linear (P<0·01) functions of Thr intake. Slope of the Thr accretion regression line showed that the efficiency of Thr utilisation above maintenance was 76%. At zero Thr intake, fry lost 5·4mg Thr/kg body weight0·75 per d. The Thr maintenance requirement was 7·2mg/kg body weight0·75 per d and the Thr requirement for growth was 66mg for 1g protein deposition. Increasing doses of Thr resulted in increased (P<0·05) concentrations of histidine and lysine, and decreased concentrations of isoleucine in whole-body protein. The maintenance need for Thr represented 13·4% of the total need for Thr. The data suggest that efficiency of Thr utilisation above maintenance is constant at all levels of Thr intake between 1 and 93% of the level required for optimum protein deposition.

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