Mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larvae due to antibiotic-resistant Vibrio harveyi infection

Antibiotic-resistant luminous Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from Penaeus monodon larvae were screened for the possession of transferable resistance determinants. All the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol and the determinant coding for chloramphenicol resistance was transferred to Escherichia coli at frequencies of 9.50x10-4 to 4.20x10-4. The results probably suggest the excessive use of chloramphenicol in shrimp hatcheries to combat luminous vibriosis.

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Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 153-160

Author(s):

S Peeralil ◽

TC Joseph ◽

V Murugadas ◽

PG Akhilnath ◽

VN Sreejith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

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Potential Study of Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L.) Leaves as Antibacterial Against Vibrio harveyi, Disease Causative Agent of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) Post Larvae

Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development ◽

10.4172/2155-9546.1000372 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Harlina Harlina Arief Prajitno ◽

Eddy Suprayitno Happy Nursyam

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Tiger Shrimp ◽

Potential Study

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Biological and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 with Broad Host Lytic Activity against Vibrio harveyi

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1051

Author(s):

Gerald N. Misol ◽

Constantina Kokkari ◽

Pantelis Katharios

Keyword(s):

Phage Therapy ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Burst Size ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Lytic Activity ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Phylogenomic Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative marine bacterium that causes major disease outbreaks and economic losses in aquaculture. Phage therapy has been considered as a potential alternative to antibiotics however, candidate bacteriophages require comprehensive characterization for a safe and practical phage therapy. In this work, a lytic novel jumbo bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 belonging to the Myoviridae family was isolated and characterized against V. harveyi type strain DSM19623. It had broad host lytic activity against 31 antibiotic-resistant strains of V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. campbellii and V. owensii. Adsorption time of vB_VhaM_pir03 was determined at 6 min while the latent-phase was at 40 min and burst-size at 75 pfu/mL. vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to lyse several host strains at multiplicity-of-infections (MOI) 0.1 to 10. The genome of vB_VhaM_pir03 consists of 286,284 base pairs with 334 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). No virulence, antibiotic resistance, integrase encoding genes and transducing potential were detected. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis showed that vB_VhaM_pir03 is a novel bacteriophage displaying the highest similarity to another jumbo phage, vB_BONAISHI infecting Vibrio coralliilyticus. Experimental phage therapy trial using brine shrimp, Artemia salina infected with V. harveyi demonstrated that vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to significantly reduce mortality 24 h post infection when administered at MOI 0.1 which suggests that it can be an excellent candidate for phage therapy.

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ANALYSIS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES ON TRANSGENIC TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM Vibrio harveyi

Indonesian Aquaculture Journal ◽

10.15578/iaj.9.1.2014.23-32 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Andi Parenrengi ◽

Bunga Rante Tampangallo ◽

Andi Tenriulo

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Gene Transfection ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Pathogenic Bacterium ◽

Shrimp Culture ◽

Tiger Shrimp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Study Results

Vibriosis is one of main diseases of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon infected by pathogenic bioluminous bacterium Vibrio harveyi that can cause mass mortalities in shrimp culture. The bacteria can also trigger the disease white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). An effort to produce shrimp disease-resistant strains has been done through transgenesis technology with antiviral gene transfection. By this technology, it is expected an increase in the immune response of shrimp in a variety of diseasecausing pathogens. This study aimed to determine the immune responses (total haemocytes, haemocyte differentiation, and phenoloxydase activity) of transgenic tiger shrimp against pathogenic bacterium V. harveyi. Research using completely randomized design, which consists of two treatments and three replications. Test animals being used were transgenic and non-transgenic shrimp with size, weight 3.93±1.25 g and a total length of 7.59±0.87 cm. Treatments being tested were the injection of bacterium V. harveyi (density of 5x106 cfu/mL) of 0.1 mL/individual on transgenic (A) and non-transgenic shrimp (B). Immune response parameters such as total haemocytes, haemocyte differentiation, and phenoloxydase activity were observed on day 1, 3, and 6 days after challenging. Data were analyzed using t-test by SPSS software. The results showed that the total haemocyte of transgenic shrimp was not significantly different (P>0.05) from non-transgenic shrimp, but haemocyte differentiation and phenoloxydase activity were significantly different (P<0.05) especially on sixth days after being exposed to the bioluminescent bacteria. The study results implied that transgenic shrimp has a better immune response compared than non-transgenic shrimp.

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Molecular Docking Study of Bio-Inhibitors Extracted From Marine Macro Alga Ulva Fasciata Against Hemolysin Protein of luminescence Disease Causing Vibrio Harveyi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-205035/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Krishnamoorthy Sivakumar ◽

Sudalayandi Kannappan ◽

Balakrishnan Vijayakumar ◽

Jithendran Karingalakkandy Poochirian ◽

Sivamani Balasubramanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Ulva Fasciata

Abstract Shrimp grow-out and hatchery systems are being affected by bacterial disease particularly Vibrios. The use of chemotherapeutic agents in aquaculture practices has to lead to the development of resistance among aquatic bacteria. Thus, health management becomes of major importance in aquaculture. Under this situation, progressing bio-inhibitors from marine resources are most appropriate to be considered against pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking is an appropriate tool in structural biology and computer-assisted drug design to predict and neutralize a target protein of known diseases. In this study, marine macroalga Ulva fasciata was aimed at developing inhibitors against luminescence disease-causing pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi. U. fasciata was collected from the intertidal zone of Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Extract of U. fasciata was tested against growth and virulence factors of V. harveyi during Penaeus monodon larviculture. For molecular docking, the homology modeling of virulence of hemolysin protein of V. harveyi was designed and used for docking studies against the compounds of U. fasciata as identified by GC-MS analysis. Extract of U. fasciata@200 mg mL-1 had exhibited reductions on Cumulative Percentage of Mortality (32.40%) in postlarvae against the challenge of V. harveyi infection. In docking analysis, the bio-inhibitor Methyl dehydroabietate showed the highest binding affinity among compounds docked. Statistical analysis had revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in trials. Therefore, it was proved that the bio-inhibitors from U. fasciata will be a better option for controlling luminescence disease-causing V. harveyi in shrimp grow-out practices.

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