Separating carbonaceous aerosol source terms using thermal evolution, carbon isotopic measurements, and C/N/S determinations

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Gaffney ◽  
Roger L. Tanner ◽  
Mary Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Source Terms ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Aerosol Source ◽  
Isotopic Measurements

Evidence from the Changing Carbon Isotopic of Kerogen, Oil, and Gas during Hydrous Pyrolysis from Pinghu Formation, the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8317
Author(s):  
Qiang Cao ◽  
Jiaren Ye ◽  
Yongchao Lu ◽  
Yang Tian ◽  
Jinshui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Hydrous Pyrolysis ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Semi-open hydrous pyrolysis experiments on coal-measure source rocks in the Xihu Sag were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope evolution of kerogen, bitumen, generated expelled oil, and gases with increasing thermal maturity. Seven corresponding experiments were conducted at 335 °C, 360 °C, 400 °C, 455 °C, 480 °C, 525 °C, and 575 °C, while other experimental factors, such as the heating time and rate, lithostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, and columnar original samples were kept the same. The results show that the simulated temperatures were positive for the measured vitrinite reflectance (Ro), with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9861. With increasing temperatures, lower maturity, maturity, higher maturity, and post-maturity stages occurred at simulated temperatures (Ts) of 335–360 °C, 360–400 °C, 400–480 °C, and 480–575 °C, respectively. The increasing gas hydrocarbons with increasing temperature reflected the higher gas potential. Moreover, the carbon isotopes of kerogen, bitumen, expelled oil, and gases were associated with increased temperatures; among gases, methane was the most sensitive to maturity. Ignoring the intermediate reaction process, the thermal evolution process can be summarized as kerogen0(original) + bitumen0(original)→kerogenr (residual kerogen) + expelled oil (generated) + bitumenn+r (generated + residual) + C2+(generated + residual) + CH4(generated). Among these, bitumen, expelled oil, and C2-5 acted as reactants and products, whereas kerogen and methane were the reactants and products, respectively. Furthermore, the order of the carbon isotopes during the thermal evolution process was identified as: δ13C1 < 13C2-5 < δ13Cexpelled oil < δ13Cbitumen < δ13Ckerogen. Thus, the reaction and production mechanisms of carbon isotopes can be obtained based on their changing degree and yields in kerogen, bitumen, expelled oil, and gases. Furthermore, combining the analysis of the geochemical characteristics of the Pinghu Formation coal–oil-type gas in actual strata with these pyrolysis experiments, it was identified that this area also had substantial development potential. Therefore, this study provides theoretical support and guidance for the formation mechanism and exploration of oil and gas based on changing carbon isotopes.

Evaluation of commercially available reagents as a reference material for intramolecular carbon isotopic measurements of acetic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 1821-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Yamada ◽  
Makiko Kikuchi ◽  
Alexis Gilbert ◽  
Naohiro Yoshida ◽  
Nariaki Wasano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Isotopic Measurements

scholarly journals Carbon Isotopic Measurements of Nanotubes to Differentiate Carbon Sources

ACS Omega ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 22108-22113
Author(s):  
Michelle M. G. Chartrand ◽  
Christopher T. Kingston ◽  
Benoit Simard ◽  
Zoltan Mester
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Isotopic Measurements

The Permian–Triassic boundary in Western Australia: evidence from the Bonaparte and Northern Perth basins—exploration implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gorter ◽  
Robert S Nicoll ◽  
Ian Metcalfe ◽  
Robbert Willink ◽  
Darren Ferdinando
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Petroleum Reservoirs ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Isotopic Measurements

Several sedimentary basins in Western Australia contain petroleum reservoirs of Late Permian or older age that are overlain by thick shaly sequences (400–2,000 m) that have been assigned an Early Triassic age. The age of the base of the Triassic shales has been, and continues to be, contentious with strata being variously ascribed to the latest Permian (Changhsingian Stage) or wholly in the earliest Triassic (Induan Stage). In the Perth Basin the Permian-Triassic boundary appears to be located somewhere in the Hovea Member of the Kockatea Shale. In the Bonaparte Basin, the boundary would appear to be either in the uppermost Penguin Formation or at the boundary between the Penguin and Mairmull formations. The uncertainty of the boundary placement relates to the interpretation of the sedimentological, biostratigraphic and geochemical record in individual sections and basins. Major problems relate to the recognition, or even the presence of unconformities, complications related to the presence of reworked sediments and paleontological material (both conodonts and spore-pollen) and to the significance of geochemical shifts. The age of the basal Kockatea Shale (northern Perth Basin) and the basal Mt Goodwin Sub-group (Bonaparte Basin) is reassessed using palaeontological data, augmented by carbon isotopic measurements and geochemical analyses, supported by wireline log correlations and seismic profiles. The stratigraphy of the latest Permian to Early Triassic succession in the Bonaparte Basin is also revised, as is the nomenclature for the Early Triassic Arranoo Member of the Kockatea Shale in the northern Perth Basin. The Mt Goodwin Sub-group (new rank) is composed of the latest Permian Penguin Formation overlain by the Early Triassic Mairmull, Ascalon and Fishburn formations (all new).

scholarly journals Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cavalli ◽  
M. Viana ◽  
K. E. Yttri ◽  
J. Genberg ◽  
J.-P. Putaud
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Split Point ◽  
Aerosol Fraction ◽  
Eu Project

Abstract. Thermal-optical analysis is a conventional method for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction and for classifying it into organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC. Unfortunately, the different thermal evolution protocols in use can result in a wide elemental carbon-to-total carbon variation by up to a factor of five. In Europe, there is currently no standard procedure for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction which implies that data from different laboratories at various sites are of unknown accuracy and cannot be considered comparable. In the framework of the EU-project EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research), a comprehensive study has been carried out to identify the causes of differences in the EC measured using different thermal evolution protocols; thereby the major positive and negative biases affecting thermal-optical analysis have been isolated and minimised to define an optimised protocol suitable for European aerosols. Our approach to improve the accuracy of the discrimination between OC and EC was essentially based on four goals. Firstly, charring corrections rely on faulty assumptions – e.g. pyrolytic carbon is considered to evolve completely before native EC throughout the analysis –, thus we have reduced pyrolysis to a minimum by favoring volatilisation of OC. Secondly, we have minimised the potential negative bias in EC determination due to early evolution of light absorbing carbon species at higher temperatures in the He-mode, including both native EC and combinations of native EC and pyrolytic carbon potentially with different specific attenuation cross section values. Thirdly, we have minimised the potential positive bias in EC determination resulting from the incomplete evolution of OC during the He-mode which then evolves during the He/O2-mode, potentially after the split point. Finally, we have minimised the uncertainty due to the position of the OC/EC split point on the FID response profile by introducing multiple desorption steps in the He/O2-mode. Based on different types of carbonaceous PM encountered across Europe, we have defined an optimised thermal evolution protocol, the EUSAAR_2 protocol, as follows: step 1 in He, 200 °C for 120 s; step 2 in He 300 °C for 150 s; step 3 in He 450 °C for 180 s; step 4 in He 650 °C for 180 s. For steps 1–4 in He/O2, the conditions are 500 °C for 120 s, 550 °C for 120 s, 700 ° C for 70 s, and 850 °C for 80 s, respectively.

Correlations of radon and carbon isotopic measurements with petroleum and natural gas at Cement, Oklahoma

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleischer ◽  
L. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Isotopic Measurements

Radon in soil gas and the carbon isotopic composition of carbon compounds in soil have been measured at 98 sites over the Cement, Oklahoma oil and gas field. Strong correlations were observed between the density of oil and gas wells and storage tanks and soil [Formula: see text], field [Formula: see text], vertical gas flow, and [Formula: see text] gradients. No meaningful correlation is seen with [Formula: see text]. If further study shows that these results are general, the types of measurement done here could facilitate exploratory drilling.

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