Operational conditions and coke formation on Pt-Al2O3 reforming catalyst

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Figoli ◽  
J.N. Beltramini ◽  
E.E. Marinelli ◽  
M.R. Sad ◽  
J.M. Parera
Keyword(s):  
Coke Formation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Reforming Catalyst

scholarly journals New Insights for the Future Design of Composites Composed of Hydrochar and Zeolite for Developing Advanced Biofuels from Cranberry Pomace

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Omid Norouzi ◽  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mario M. Martinez ◽  
Animesh Dutta
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Advanced Biofuels ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Cellulosic Sugars

This study provides fundamental insight and offers a promising catalytic hydrothermal method to harness cranberry pomace as a potential bioenergy and/or hydrochar source. The physical and chemical properties of Canadian cranberry pomace, supplied by Fruit d’Or Inc., were examined and the optimum operational conditions, in terms of biocrude yield, were obtained by the I-optimal matrix of Design Expert 11. Afterward, cranberry pomace hydrochar (CPH) and zeolite were separately introduced to the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process to investigate the benefits and disadvantages associated with their catalytic activity. CPH was found to be a better host than zeolite to accommodate cellulosic sugars and showed great catalytic performance in producing hydrocarbons. However, high amounts of corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hinder the practical application of CPH as a catalyst. Alternatively, zeolite, as a commercial high surface area catalyst, had a higher activity for deoxygenation of compounds containing carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups than CPH and resulted in higher selectivity of phenols. Due to the low hydrothermal structural stability, coke formation, and narrow pore size distribution, further activations and modifications are needed to improve the catalytic behavior of zeolite. Our results suggest that a composite composed of CPH and zeolite can resolve the abovementioned limitations and help with the development and commercialization of advanced biofuels from cranberry pomace.

Influence of Total Pressure and Hydrogen:Hydrocarbon Ratio on Coke Formation over Naphtha-Reforming Catalyst

1983 ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORA S. FÍGOLI ◽  
JORGE N. BELTRAMINI ◽  
AMADO F. BARRA ◽  
ELOY E. MARTINELLI ◽  
MARIO R. SAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Naphtha Reforming ◽  
Reforming Catalyst

scholarly journals Na-promoted Ni/ZrO2 dry reforming catalyst with high efficiency: details of Na2O–ZrO2–Ni interaction controlling activity and coke formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 5386-5401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Németh ◽  
D. Srankó ◽  
J. Károlyi ◽  
F. Somodi ◽  
Z. Schay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Reforming Catalyst ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity

Balanced, strong interaction of Ni–Na2O–ZrO2 catalyst components under CO2 reforming of methane is a criterion of good catalytic activity and stability.

Computers for data, control and simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

Personal computers (PCs) are a powerful resource in the EM Laboratory, both as a means of automating the monitoring and control of microscopes, and as a tool for quantifying the interpretation of data. Not only is a PC more versatile than a piece of dedicated data logging equipment, but it is also substantially cheaper. In this tutorial the practical principles of using a PC for these types of activities will be discussed.The PC can form the basis of a system to measure, display, record and store the many parameters which characterize the operational conditions of the EM. In this mode it is operating as a data logger. The necessary first step is to find a suitable source from which to measure each of the items of interest. It is usually possible to do this without having to make permanent corrections or modifications to the EM.

Divergent beam microanalysis studies of bimetallic platinum catalysts supported on γ-AL2O3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
JR Fryer ◽  
Z Huang ◽  
D Stirling ◽  
G. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Platinum Catalysts ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Divergent Beam ◽  
Bimetallic Systems ◽  
Reforming Catalyst ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Particles

Platinum dispersed on γ-alumina is used as a reforming catalyst to convert linear hydrocarbons to cyclic aromatic products. To improve selectivity and lifetime of the catalyst, other elements are included, and we have studied the distributions of Pt/Re, and Pt/Sn, bimetallic systems on the support both before and after use in octane reforming. Often, one or both of the components are not resolvable by HREM or microanalysis as individual particles because of small size and lack of contrast on the alumina, and divergent beam microanalysis has been used to establish the presence and relationship between the two elements.In the majority of catalysts the platinum is in the form of small panicles, some of which are large enough to be resolvable in the microscope. The ABT002B microscope with Link windowless Pentafet detector, used in this work, was able to obtain a resolvable signal from particles of 2nm diameter upwards. When the beam was concentrated on to such a particle the signal was at a maximum, and as the beam diameter was diverged - at the same total beam intensity and dead time - the signal decreased as shown in Figure 1.

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

Elemental Distribution in Pt-Re:Al2O3 Naphtha Reforming Catalysts

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
R. L. Freed ◽  
M. J. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Materials Characterization ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Naphtha Reforming ◽  
Reforming Catalysts ◽  
Commercial Introduction

The commercial introduction of Pt-Re supported catalysts to replace Pt alone on Al2O3 has brought improvements to naphtha reforming. The bimetallic catalyst can be operated continuously under conditions which lead to deactivation of the single metal catalyst by coke formation. Much disagreement still exists as to the exact nature of the bimetallic catalyst at a microscopic level and how it functions in the process so successfully. The overall purpose of this study was to develop the materials characterization tools necessary to study supported catalysts. Specifically with the Pt-Re:Al2O3 catalyst, we sought to elucidate the elemental distribution on the catalyst.

Coke formation on HFAU and HEMT zeolites. Influence of the reaction temperature and propene pressure

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Doka Nassionou ◽  
P. Magnoux ◽  
M. Guisnet
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Coke Formation
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