Application of the HR 400 microchannel plate photomultiplier to study the light pulse shape from fast and slow scintillators by means of the single photon method

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moszyński ◽  
J. Vacher ◽  
R. Odru
Keyword(s):  
Light Pulse ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Microchannel Plate

scholarly journals Optical π phase shift created with a single-photon pulse

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e1600036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tiarks ◽  
Steffen Schmidt ◽  
Gerhard Rempe ◽  
Stephan Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Light Pulse ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Quantum Logic Gate ◽  
Photon Pulse ◽  
Induced Transparency

A deterministic photon-photon quantum logic gate is a long-standing goal. Building such a gate becomes possible if a light pulse containing only one photon imprints a phase shift of π onto another light field. We experimentally demonstrate the generation of such a π phase shift with a single-photon pulse. A first light pulse containing less than one photon on average is stored in an atomic gas. Rydberg blockade combined with electromagnetically induced transparency creates a phase shift for a second light pulse, which propagates through the medium. We measure the π phase shift of the second pulse when we postselect the data upon the detection of a retrieved photon from the first pulse. This demonstrates a crucial step toward a photon-photon gate and offers a variety of applications in the field of quantum information processing.

Theoretical model of light-pulse propagation in pipes verified by single-photon technique

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Calligaris ◽  
P. Ciuti ◽  
I. Gabrielli ◽  
R. Giacomich
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Light Pulse ◽  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
Single Photon

Measurement System of Decay Time for Liquid Scintillator

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4285-4286
Author(s):  
Li Ping He ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Shu Fan Chen ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Zhi Jun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Decay Times ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Fluorescence Decay Times

The fluorescence lifetime of the molecular excited states in the liquid scintillator determines the pulse shape of the events in a detector. The fluorescence decay times of the mixtures could be measured by UV light excitation, or via ionizing particles. Both of the setups are based on the time-correlated single photon technique. In this paper we described a setup in detail for testing the fluorescence lifetime under ionizing particle to render the relatively weak neutron or ion signals detectable. In addition, we presented the time resolution of system for the setup.

Generation of entanglement between spin of an electron and polarization of a photon

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
N. Chandra ◽  
R. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Light Pulse ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Orbit Interaction ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
Generation Of Entanglement

This paper shows an electron and a photon, emitted in two consecutive steps from an atom following the absorption of a single photon, may be entangled in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction only. This entanglement strongly depends upon the polarization of the absorbed and of the radiated photons, kinematics of two emitted particles, and dynamics of photoionization; however, the photoemission dynamics plays no role in this entanglement. This hybrid entanglement can be used in teleporting a quantum state encoded in a flying/stationary material particle onto a light pulse, or vice versa. Such an electron-photon entanglement, in addition, will make it possible to learn about the polarization of a single photon or spin-polarization of a free electron without making any measurements on the corresponding particle itself.

scholarly journals Homogeneity of the photocathode in the Hamamatsu Photomultiplier Tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. P11038
Author(s):  
M.A. Unland Elorrieta ◽  
R.S. Busse ◽  
L. Classen ◽  
A. Kappes
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photomultiplier Tube ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Photomultiplier Tubes ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Time Spread

Abstract It is common practice to test the optical properties of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) by illuminating the entire photocathode region from the front at once and measuring the average performance. However, for optimal utilisation of the PMT performance in experiments, especially in the single-photon region, it is essential to also know the systematic variations across the photocathode, which requires measurements with focused light sources that illuminate only small regions of the PMT. We present a detailed uniformity characterisation of the gain, transit time, transit time spread, and pulse shape of the 80 mm Hamamatsu R15458-02 PMT. We find that the parameters exhibit asymmetry along one axis, likely caused by the position and geometry of the dynode system. For all parameters except the transit time, the observed variations are small given the intrinsic variation of the parameters. For positions with shifted transit time we observe on average underamplified pulses which can potentially be exploited to improve the pulse reconstruction.

Absolute efficiency of a two-stage microchannel plate for electrons in the 30 - 900 eV energy range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Apponi ◽  
Francesco Pandolfi ◽  
Ilaria Rago ◽  
Gianluca Cavoto ◽  
Carlo Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Microchannel Plate ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Absolute Efficiency

Abstract We report on an apparatus able to measure the absolute detection efficiency of a detector for electrons in the 30 - 900 eV range. In particular, we discuss the characterisation of a two-stage chevron microchannel plate (MCP). The measurements have been performed in the LASEC laboratory at Roma Tre University, whit a custom-made electron gun. The very good stability of the beam current in the fA range, together with the picoammeter nominal resolution of 0.01 fA, allowed the measurement of the MCP absolute efficiency ε. We found an ε = (0.489±0.003) with no evident energy dependence. We fully characterised the MCP pulse shape distribution, which is quasi-Gaussian with a well visible peak above the noise level. We measured a 68% variation of the average pulse height between 30 and 500 eV. Furthermore, with a deeper analysis of the pulse shape, and in particular of the correlation between pulse height, area and width, we found a method to discriminate single- and multi- electron events occurring within a 10 ns time window.

22.—Organic Scintillators with Improved Timing Characteristics.

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Birks ◽  
R. W. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Time Jitter ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Organic Scintillators ◽  
General Relations

SynopsisTheoretical and experimental studies have been made of the scintillation pulse shapes of organic scintillators. In a unitary crystal the pulse shape is characterised by the scintillation decay time τs. In solution scintillators additional parameters are required to describe the pulse shape: Δt, the pulse width (FWHM); tm, the time at which the intensity reaches a maximumpmax; and t½, the time at which the intensity reaches ½pmax. General relations are derived for τs, Δτ, τm, τ½, and pmax for binary liquid solutions in terms of molecular parameters, and the corresponding expression is given for the scintillation pulse shape of a binary plastic solution.The scintillation pulse shapes of 4 binary liquid solutions and 12 binary and 15 ternary plastic solutions were measured using a single-photon sampling fluorometer. The results confirm the theoretical analysis. A new plastic scintillator (NE 111) with improved timing characteristics has thus been developed, and some of its applications in nuclear physics are briefly discussed. The time association of nuclear events can be measured to within 130 ps with this scintillator, the limiting factor being the time jitter of the photomultiplier itself.

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