Determination of lethality and processing time in a continuous sterilization system containing particulates

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
Rakesh K. Singh ◽  
John W. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time

scholarly journals USULAN PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI PRODUK ST 37777 PT EBAKO NUSANTARA PADA DEPARTEMEN SMOOTHMILLING UNTUK MEMINIMASI MAKESPAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Mellysa Asmawar
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Makespan Minimization ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Short Processing Time ◽  
Jobshop Scheduling ◽  
Machine Work

AbstrakProses produksi ST 37777 di PT Ebako Nusantara menggunakan jadwal yang didasarkan oleh proses-proses yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan data historis yang telah ada dari proses produksi yang telah dilakukan. PT Ebako Nusantara merupakan industri manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang furnitur yang berlokasi di Terboyo, Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Dalam proses produksi ST 37777, terdapat 11 mesin dan 16 job dimana setiap job memiliki urutan mesin yang berbeda. Penjadwalan yang ada untuk produk tipe ST 37777 dengan tipe jobshop belum menerapkan suatu ketetapan dalam penentuan waktu dan urutan pengerjaan mesin yang efektif sehingga masih banyak job yang selesai terlambat. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu penjadwalan mesin yang efektif sehingga dapat memenuhi waktu produksi pesanan sesuai dengan yang telah disepakati. Penjadwalan jobshop diperlukan untuk memaksimumkan efisiensi dan utilitas sumber daya di lantai produksi. Penentuan jadwal mesin ini bertujuan meminimasi makespan dengan menggunakan Software WINQSB modul job schedulling. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Short Processing Time. Hasil penjadwalan menggunakan Software WINQSB diperoleh makespan menjadi 15 jam dengan hasil penjadwalan tersebut tidak ada job yang terlambat dan semua job dikerjakan berurutan. AbstractThe production process of ST 37777 in PT Ebako Nusantara uses a schedule based on the processes performed using existing historical data from the production process that has been done. PT Ebako Nusantara is a manufacturing industry engaged in furnitur located in Terboyo, Semarang, Central Java. In the production process ST 37777, there are 11 machines and 16 jobs where each job has a different sequence of machines. The existing scheduling for ST 37777 type product with jobshop type has not been applied a determination in the timing and sequence of effective machine work so that many jobs are finished too late. For that required an effective engine scheduling so that it can meet the production time of orders in accordance with the agreed. Jobshop scheduling is needed to maximize efficiency and resource utilities on the production floor. Determination of this machine schedule aims to minimize the makespan using WINQSB Software job scheduling module. The method used is the method of Short Processing Time. The scheduling result using WINQSB software obtained makespan to 15 hours with scheduling result no job is late and all job done in sequence. Keywords: Jobshop Scheduling; Short Processing Time; Makespan Minimization

Heating Position Planning in Laser Forming of Single Curved Shapes Based on Probability Convergence

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Shen ◽  
Yutao Zheng ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Zhenqiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Bending Angle

Inverse problem in laser forming involves the heating position planning and the determination of heating parameters. In this study, the heating positions are optimized in laser forming of single curved shapes based on the processing efficiency. The algorithm uses a probability function to initialize the heating position that is considered to be the bending points. The optimization process is to minimize the total processing time through adjusting the heating positions by considering the boundary conditions of the offset distances, the minimum bending angle, and the minimum distance between two adjacent heating positions. The optimized results are compared with those obtained by the distance-based model as well as the experimental data.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS REAKTOR KECIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Hermain Teguh Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biogas Process

ENGLISHResearch on alternative energy and fertilizer has been done and applied, but the public not interest yet to make this alternative energy and fertilizer. This is due to the huge costs, the process is complicated, and low economic value . Biogas processing, liquid fertilizers and solid. If the large volume of water mix will increase the volume of the reactor and the implications for the huge cost . The research objective was to determine variations in the sample which is capable of representing the processing of the biogas process and product stability. The method used in laboratory scale experiments and determination of the best results using factor analysts . The results of the research is reactor B and A that can be used as a reference treatment that produces biogas manure optimal, and the volume of 0.56 liters of biogas per one kilogram of cow dung with a processing time of 38 days. INDONESIAPenelitian mengenai energi dan pupuk alternatif sudah banyak dilakukan dan diterapkan, akan tetapi minat masyarakat untuk membuat energi dan pupuk alternatif ini belum ada. Hal ini disebabkan oleh biaya yang besar, prosesnya yang rumit, dan nilai ekonominya rendah. Pengolahan biogas, pupuk cair dan padat. Jika dengan volume campuran air yang besar akan membesarkan volume reaktor dan berimplikasi pada besarnya biaya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui variasi sampel mana yang mampu mewakili proses pengolahan dengan kesetabilan proses dan produk biogas. Metode yang digunakan percobaan skala laboratorium dan penentuan hasil terbaik menggunakan analis faktor. Hasil penelitian yaitu reaktor B dan A yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan pengolahan kotoran sapi yang menghasilkan biogas optimal, dan volumenya 0,56 liter biogas setiap satu kilogram kotoran sapi dengan waktu pengolahan 38 hari.

Analysis of Agglomerate and Slag by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
W. Ratyński ◽  
E. Cieślak ◽  
H. Karwowski ◽  
J. Parus ◽  
J. Tys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
System Calibration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing ◽  
Annular Source

A rapid analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of Ca, Mn and Fe in agglomerate and slag has been developed.A 100 mCi annular source of 238Pu has been used for excitation and Si(Li) detection system with ADC coupled with minicomputer for data acquisition and processing. A modified Heinrich-Rasberry procedure has been applied for analytical results evaluation. The measurement of each sample consumes about 100 s and the data processing time is 20 s approximately. The peaks were integrated in a fixed number of channels and linear background was subtracted. Seven standard samples both of slag and agglomerate have been used for system calibration.

A Management Guide for Determination of Optimal Buffer Allocation in Unpaced Production Line Using 6 Steps OBA

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shihabudin Ismail ◽  
M.I. Hussain ◽  
Zuraidah M. Zain ◽  
Noorhafiza Muhd
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Buffer Allocation ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper deals with a buffer allocation problem in unpaced μ-unbalanced production line. Unpaced line is referred to a line with workstations act independently and the material is not pulled by demand but in push mode. In this study, the production line is considered unpaced, μ-unbalanced but reliable. Mean processing time (μ) is the most difficult variable to fix constant in an actual production line due to the complexity of assembly process. The unbalance variance will become higher if the assembly process is more complex. The optimal buffer allocation need to be found for this particular type of production line so that it can maximize throughput rate and minimize total number of work-in-progress (WIP) on the line. This paper used a simulation method to simulate the throughput rate by given sets of buffer size. Based on the simulation results, a basic optimal buffer allocation (OBA) concept represented the characteristics of OBA for a production line was summarized. By applying the concept, a development of 6 Steps OBA tool is carried out. This tool could be utilized by a management in allocating the buffer during designing of the line layout.

Localization using infrared beacons

Robotica ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Brassart ◽  
Claude Pegard ◽  
Mustapha Mouaddib
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Triangulation Method ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Position And Orientation

In this paper, we deal with a localization system allowing one to determine the position and orientation of a mobile robot. This system uses active beacons distributed at the ceiling of the navigation area. These beacons can transmit a coded infrared signal which allows the robots to identify the sender. A CCD camera associated to an infrared receiver allows one to compute the position with a triangulation method which needs reduced processing time. Calibration and correcting distortion stages are performed to improve accuracy in the determination of the position. Dynamic localisation is established for most actual mobile robots used in indoor areas.

scholarly journals Fast algorithm for the determination of the optimum filter for bone SPECT image reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afef houimli ◽  
Issam benmhammed ◽  
Bechir letaief ◽  
Dorra Ben-Sellem
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Spect Image ◽  
Simultaneous Reconstruction ◽  
Bone Spect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Butterworth Filters ◽  
Suitable Technique

Abstract In SPECT, the reconstructed images are strongly affected by poisson noise, poor spatial resolution and bad contrast due to the radioactivity disintegration and procedures acquisition. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the traditional FBP reconstruction and to choose the most suitable technique for bone SPECT image denoising. The proposed approach is composed of two steps. The first one consists of denoising the acquired sinograms using successively eight currently used filters in nuclear medicine: Wiener, Metz, Hamming, Hann, Shepp-Logan, Parzen, Butterworth and Gaussian combined with Butterworth filters. The second step is a simultaneous reconstruction of the axial slices using a new 3D FBP algorithm for each filter. A comparative study of these filters is tested and evaluated on a dataset containing thirty one bone SPECT image. The results show that the difference between these filters is statistically significantly different from each other (p<0.05) and the 3D FBP with the combination between Butterworth and Gaussian provide the best performance. The selected method is compared to three denoising methods. These methods are tested on a Shepp Logan phantom and bone SPECT images. Experimental results show that the 3D FBP reconstruction with the pre-processing combination (Gaussian (Std=0.3) + Butterworth (fc=0.47, ordre=3)) filter is more accurate and robust compared to other methods. It provides the highest performance in term of contrast, SNR, CNR ensuring a shorter processing time. It accelerates the reconstruction, reduces noise and artifacts while preserving detailed features. This approach could be considered as a valuable candidate to enhance the quality of the reconstructed bone SPECT image.

Determination of Order Delivery Time in Event Organizer Industry Using a Non-Delay Scheduling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Indrianti ◽  
Vina Islamia Vervly Suandevin
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Job Shop ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Priority Rules ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Spt Rule

This study discusses the determination of order delivery time in the event organizer (EO) industry. With regard to the characteristics of the EO production process that is identical to the job shop production process in the manufacturing industry, a non-delay scheduling approach is applied. The non-delay schedule is compiled using the non-delay algorithm with the criteria for makespan minimization. Job assignment is done using the shortest processing time (SPT), longest processing time (LPT), and first comes first served (FCFS) priority rules. We consider the situation where all orders arrive simultaneously (offline) and at different time (online). As a case study, the modified non-delay algorithm is examined to solve the problem of an EO in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the nondelay algorithm using SPT rule provides the best schedule performance which results in the shortest makespan and the lowest resource idle time. In addition to determining the delivery time, the resulting non-delay schedule can be used to control the execution of each order. The method of determining order delivery time in this study can be applied to other service industries. Further study can be developed for situations where order arrival and processing time are probabilistic. Furthermore, it is also necessary to consider the balanced distribution of the workload among operators. Determination of Order Delivery Time in Event

scholarly journals Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Ida Hodiyah ◽  
Apip Supriadi ◽  
Memet Hikmat ◽  
Gilang Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Thermophilic Digestion ◽  
Complex Organic

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to design a biogas digester that works thermophilically and mesophilically and tested its performance to produce biogas and digestate. Methods This study used some experimental methods, which consists of: (1) design and construction process of the digester which can facilitate the thermophilic process as a pretreatment of the feedstock and the anaerobic digestion process of the substrate; (2) determination of the quantity of biogas, liquid digestate, and compost; and (3) testing digestate quality as a liquid organic fertilizer for Ipomoea reptans. Results The built biogas digester was able to accommodate thermophilic digestion that runs intensely in the pretreatment tank, where the complex organic compounds, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, decomposed intensively, so that it becomes a suitable substrate. As raw material, every 4 kg of banana waste, can produce biogas, digestate and dry compost of 10,200 cm3 (highest yield), 5900 mL, and 1420 g, respectively. The highest Ipomoea reptans growth was achieved by digestate treatment from banana waste. Conclusions Thermophilic pretreatment could shorten the processing time to 3 days. Digestate treatment as a liquid organic fertilizer is able to provide a better supply of nutrients for plants.

Psychophysical determination of visual processing time by comparing depth seen in Pulfrich and Mach-Dvorak illusions.

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mojon ◽  
W Zhang ◽  
M Oetliker ◽  
H Oetliker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Visual Transduction ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Preclinical Medical Students ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

A practical course for preclinical medical students was developed to illustrate aspects of binocular vision and mechanisms of primary visual transduction. It is based on a graphic analysis of two optical illusions, the Pulfrich and the Mach-Dvorak phenomena. A pendulum swinging in a plane perpendicular to the direction of observation appears to follow an elliptical path when viewed binocularly with a filter in front of one eye (Pulfrich illusion) or with alternating occlusion of the right and left eye above a critical frequency (Mach-Dvorak illusion). The Pulfrich phenomenon permits us to determine the relationship between perceived illusory depth and filter density. Analyzing the Mach-Dvorak phenomenon allows us to determine the dependence of illusory depth on interocular delay. Comparison of both determinations (depth against transmission and depth against time) permits us to establish, without complex calculations, the effect of luminescence on visual processing time. In addition, this course illustrates a general methodological concept mentioned by Popper: students make an unexpected observation, put forward a testable hypothesis, and try to falsify it.

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