Water relations and keeping-quality of cut Gerbera flowers. III. Water content, permeability and dry weight of ageing petals

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Van Meeteren
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Keeping Quality

Adaptation to Water Stress of the Leaf Water Relations of Four Tropical Forage Species

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
MJ Fisher ◽  
E Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus

Three tropical grasses, green panic (Panicum maximum var, trichoglume), spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and the tropical legume siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), were grown in plots in a semi-arid field environment. The water relations characteristics of leaves from plants subjected to a soil drying cycle were compared with those of unstressed leaves from plants in irrigated plots. Minimum water potentials attained in the stressed leaves were c. -44, - 38, - 33 and - 13 bar for the four species, respectively. The grass leaves adjusted osmotically to water stress, apparently through accumulation of solutes, so that there was a decrease in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) of 5.5, 3.9 and 7.1 bar, and in water potential at zero turgor (Ψ0) of 8.6, 6.5 and 8.6 bar for green panic, spear grass and buffel respectively. Water stress appeared to increase slightly the proportion of bound water (B) and the bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) of the grass leaves, but it did not alter the relative water content at zero turgor (RWC0) or the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the tissue. The Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed siratro leaves decreased by 2.5-4 bar and 3-5 bar respectively when subjected to soil drying cycles. These changes could be explained by the marked decrease in the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the leaf tissue rather than by accumulation of solutes. The values of RWC0 and ε for siratro leaves were not altered by stress but, in contrast to the grasses, B was apparently decreased although the data exhibited high variability. Adjustments in Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed leaves of buffel grass and siratro were largely lost within 10 days of rewatering.

scholarly journals Biotechnology of families’ strength influence on the processes of sucrose inversion, dehydration and accumulation of monosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
I. F. Bezpalyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The purpose of the work is an experimental substantiation of biotechnological processes that ensure the maturation of honey during the processing of nectar by bees. During the whole period (7–9 days) of nectar treatment by bees there is a simultaneous partial dehydration of the liquid and biochemical transformations, among which the hydrolysis of sucrose and the accumulation of monosaccharides have the most significant effect on the quality of the mature product. In all series of experiments, the maturity of processed honey in the beehive at the water limit of less than 20 % occurs after 5–6 days of treatment by bees. The mature product in terms of water content remains open in almost completely filled cells for another 3–5 days, slightly reducing the water content from 19.78–20.07 % up to 16.40–18.38 %. Dynamic changes in the ratio of monosaccharides and sucrose in the process of nectar processing by bees, starting from the honey stomach during gathering from flowers to sealing in honeycomb cells have been detected. At the honey stomach-cell stage, a small amount of sucrose is hydrolyzed during the incomplete first day of processing and, as a rule, 0.48–4.11 % of monosaccharides calculated relative to the dry weight of the product are added. Sucrose inversion is more intense during the next 5–6 days, when a total of 12.94–31.42 % of splitted sugars are added, depending on their initial number and strength of families. The main processes of conversion of nectar into honey by bees are characterized by the advance of the reduction of water content in comparison with the splitting of sucrose and the accumulation of monosaccharides. According to the water content (less than 20 %), honey becomes suitable for pumping 3–5 days before it is sealed in the cells. The influence of the mass of bees of different families on the intensity of sucrose inversion in the cells and the accumulation of monosaccharides in the product has been experimentally proved. The maturity of honey in the ratio of sugars in the beehives of strong families is better than in weak ones.

scholarly journals KUALITAS DAGING BEKU, DINGIN DAN SEGAR: PH DAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Fitrah Ernawati ◽  
Nelis Imanningsih ◽  
Nunung Nurjanah ◽  
Ema Sahara ◽  
Dian Sundari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Weight Protein

ABSTRACT Beef is one of the animal livestock that contain nutrient with a good bioavalibility. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutrient content of frozen, cold, and fresh beef. The material of the study was cube roll, chuck dan blade. The location of beef sampling was done in three traditional markets and three supermarkets by 2016. The design of the study was cross-sectional study. The observed variables were  market type, beef condition and beef section, while the dependent variable includes pH, proximat (water content, ash content, fat, and protein). The data were  analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that nutrient content did not differ between frozen, cold and fresh beef in both traditional markets and supermarkets, except the protein. Protein content in cold beef was higher than frozen beef (p <0.05). Beef had a water content of 63,39-74,66 %; ash content 2,91-4,19 % dry weight; protein 54,42-79,18 % dry weight; fat 9,57-37,32 % dry weight and had a pH of 5,23-5,64. Fresh, cold and frozen beef that came from traditional markets and supermarkets still had a good quality. Freezing beef that does not exceed a month could  maintain the nutritional quality of beef.   Keywords: freezing beef, fresh beef, frozen beef, nutrient content   ABSTRAK Daging merupakan salah satu bahan pangan asal ternak yang mengandung zat-zat gizi  dengan mutu yang sangat baik. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi kandungan zat gizi daging beku, dingin, dan segar. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Lokasi sampling daging dilakukan di tiga pasar tradisional dan tiga pasar swalayan, pada tahun 2016. Variabel bebas terdiri dari jenis  pasar, kondisi daging, bagian daging, sedangkan variabel terikat meliputi  pH, proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, lemak dan protein). Analisis data menggunakan uji T (t-test) dan analisis varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan gizi tidak berbeda antara daging segar, dingin, dan beku baik di pasar tradisional maupun swalayan, kecuali kadar protein. Kandungan protein pada daging dingin lebih tinggi dibandingkan daging beku (p<0,05). Daging memiliki kandungan air 63,39-74,66 %; abu 2,91-4,19 % berat kering; protein 54,42-79,18 % berat kering; lemak 9,57-37,32 % berat kering dan memiliki kadar pH 5,23-5,64. Daging segar, dingin dan beku yang berasal dari pasar tradisional dan pasar swalayan masih memiliki kualitas yang baik. Pembekuan daging yang tidak melebihi satu bulan dapat mempertahankan kualitas gizi daging.   Kata kunci:  daging beku, daging dingin, daging segar, pembekuan daging, kadar protein

Influence of Water Deficits on the Water Relations Characteristics and Productivity of Wild and Cultivated Sunflowers

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sobrado ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
In The Wild

The effects of water deficits on the water relations characteristics and yield of two cultivated Helianthus annuus L. lines, Hysun 31 and Seneca, and two wild Helianthus species, H. nuttallii and H. petiolaris, were compared. The study was conducted on frequently irrigated and unirrigated plants growing in the field during the summer. Predawn measurements of leaf water potential and relative water content showed that, in the uninigated plants, water deficits increased in all species during the first month after sowing (period I), were relieved by rain in the second month (period II), and then increased progressively in the final month (period III). The osmotic potential at full turgor of unirrigated plants, estimated by pressure-volume curves, decreased by 0.12-0.22 MPa during periods I and III in the cultivated sunflowers, but did not decrease significantly in the wild sunflowers. Except in the irrigated Hysun 31 and Seneca during period I, the apoplastic water content was about 20% in all species and treatments. During period I, the turgid weight: dry weight ratio decreased significantly with water stress, particularly in the cultivated sunflowers; the changes were less marked in the wild sunflowers and during period III. Additionally, the turgid weight: dry weight ratio in the imgated cultivated sunflowers decreased throughout the season. The volumetric modulus of elasticity was similar among species and did not change with water stress or plant age. Dry matter accumulation was smaller in the wild species than in the cultivated lines; water stress reduced shoot dry matter similarly in all species. However, water deficits significantly reduced the seed yield only in Hysun 31 and Seneca.

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