Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
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Published By Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

2338-8358, 0125-9717

Author(s):  
Atik Rohmawati Mulyaningsih ◽  
Tantut Susanto ◽  
Latifa Aini Susumaningrum

Playing online games is a favorite activity for adolescents to fill their free time. This habit affects the occurrence of addiction if done for a long time. In addition, the long duration of play leads to sedentary lifestyle behaviors, which contribute to overweight among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between online gaming addiction and being overweight among adolescents in Jember district. The cross-sectional study design was conducted among 162 overweight students from 16 senior high schools in Jember with stratified random sampling. The development of the Indonesian online game addiction questionnaire is used to assess online game addiction, weight scales, and stature meters are used to measure body mass index (overweight). The Spearman Rank test was performed to answer the objective of this study. The results of this study indicate that body mass index in 162 adolescents is overweight (Median=1,44; Standard Deviation=0,26) which indicates obesity. Adolescents who were identified as having addiction in the study were (27,2%) and mild addictions were (72,8%). There was a significant relationship between online game addiction and overweight (r=0.212 ; p-value = 0.007). The sedentary lifestyle of online game addiction contributes to the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, regular physical activity patterns need to be applied to reduce sedentary lifestyle and overweight problems among adolescents.ABSTRAKBermain game online menjadi kegiatan favorit bagi remaja untuk mengisi waktu luang. Kebiasaan ini berdampak pada terjadinya kecanduan jika dilakukan dalam waktu yang lama. Selain itu, durasi bermain yang cukup lama mengarah pada perilaku gaya hidup yang menetap, yang berkontribusi pada terjadinya kelebihan berat badan di kalangan remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kecanduan game online dan kelebihan berat badan di kalangan remaja di Kabupaten Jember. Desain penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di antara 162 siswa yang kelebihan berat badan dari 16 SMA di Jember dengan stratified random sampling. Kuesioner The development of Indonesian online game addiction questionnaire digunakan untuk menilai kecanduan game online, timbangan berat badan dan stature meter digunakan untuk mengukur indeks massa tubuh (kegemukan). Analisis uji menggunakan uji spearman rank untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh pada 162 remaja adalah (M = 1,44; SD = 0,26) didapatkan median >1 untuk Z score antropometri yang mengindikasikan kegemukan. Remaja yang diidentifikasi mengalami kecanduan pada penelitian adalah (27,2%) dan kecanduan ringan adalah (72,8%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecanduan game online dan kegemukan (r = 0,212; p value = 0,007). Gaya hidup menetap dari kecanduan game online berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kegemukan di kalangan remaja. Oleh karena itu, perlu diterapkan pola aktivitas fisik secara teratur untuk mengurangi gaya hidup yang menetap dan masalah kelebihan berat badan di kalangan remaja. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):11-20]


Author(s):  
Sudikno Sudikno ◽  
Sulistyowati Tuminah

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a non-communicable disease as the main cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and lipid profile with coronary heart disease in adults. This study used secondary data from the Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Cohort Study 2011-2018. The study design was a cohort. The research samples were adults aged 25 years and over in 5 villages in the city of Bogor. The number of samples analyzed was 4415 people. The analysis showed that the incidence of coronary heart disease in the sixth year of observation was 4.5 percent. The results of the Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the systole blood pressure indicator showed as the best under curve area (AUC) among the BMI indicators, waist circumference, lipid profile, and diastolic blood pressure. Measurement of systolic blood pressure can be one of the strong predictors for screening coronary heart disease. Efforts to maintain blood pressure to remain normal as a preventive measure to prevent coronary heart diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh, lingkar perut, tekanan darah, dan profil lipid dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular 2011-2018. Desain penelitian adalah kohor. Sampel penelitian adalah orang dewasa berumur 25 tahun ke atas di lima kelurahan di Kota Bogor. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis 4415 orang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan insiden penyakit jantung koroner pada pengamatan tahun keenam sebesar 4,5 persen. Dari hasil analisis Cox regresi dan kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) menunjukkan bahwa indikator tekanan darah sistole menunjukkan area under curve (AUC) yang paling baik di antara indikator IMT, lingkar perut, profil lipid, dan tekanan darah diastole. Pengukuran tekanan darah sistole bisa menjadi salah satu upaya dini screening untuk penyakit jantung koroner. Upaya untuk mempertahankan tekanan darah agar tetap normal sebagai usaha pencegahan untuk penyakit jantung koroner. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):21-28]


Author(s):  
Andi Susilowati ◽  
Basuki Rachmat ◽  
Rahma Ayu Larasati

High fiber consumption is known to reduce the efficiency of carbohydrate absorption which can increased insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship of fiber consumption with glycemic control among diabetic adults in Central Bogor District. Cross-sectional and Nested research methods in the PTM Risk Factor Cohort Study is used for this research. A sample of 89 people, with inclusion criteria population aged ≥ 25 years and have a history of T2D disease. Samples were grouped into two, T2D controlled (HbA1c <7%) and T2D uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire demographic characteristics and patterns of food consumption during the last 1week period. Chi square analysis to determine the relationship of fiber consumption with glycemic control. The results showed that daily consumption of vegetables and fruits of T2D respomden were controlled (152.9 g and 131.69 g) and uncontrolled (116.2 g and 102.40 g) were still below the WHO recommended requirements (250 and 150). There is a significant relationship between age and T2D control. Where respondents at the age of 50-64 years have a chance of 7.16 times experiencing uncontrolled T2D compared to those aged 30-49 years. There is no significant relationship between the pattern of fiber consumption with glycemic control in patients with T2D. Age (50-59 years) is associated with poor glycemic control (uncontrolled T2D). Suggestions need counseling about routine glycemic control in the elderly group (age ≥ 50 years), behavioral interventions to consume high-fiber foods, and the introduction of good fruit and vegetable variations in consumption for T2D sufferers.ABSTRAKKonsumsi serat tinggi diketahui dapat menurunkan efisiensi penyerapan karbohidrat yang dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya sensitivitas insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi serat dengan kontrol glikemik pada orang dewasa diabetes di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah. Metode penelitian cross-sectional dan nested pada Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM. Sampel sebanyak 89 orang, dengan kriteria inklusi penduduk berusia ≥ 25 tahun dan memiliki riwayat penyakit T2D. Sampel dikelompokan menjadi dua, T2D terkontrol (HbA1c < 7%) dan T2D tidak terkontrol (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Pengumpulan data dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik demografi dan pola konsumsi pangan selama periode satu minggu terakhir. Analisis chi square untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi serat dengan kontrol glikemik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi sayur dan buah harian responden T2D terkontrol (152,9 gr dan 131,69 gr) dan tidak terkontrol (116,2 gr dan 102,40 gr) masih di bawah syarat yang di ajurkan WHO (250 dan 150). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan kontrol T2D. Responden usia 50-64 tahun berpeluang 7,16 kali mengalami T2D tidak terkontrol dibandingkan yang berusia 30-49 tahun. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi serat dengan kontrol glikemik pada penderita T2D. Usia (50-59 tahun) berhubungan dengan kontrol glikemik yang buruk (T2D tidak terkonrol). Perlu penyuluhan tentang kontrol glikemik rutin pada kelompok lansia (Usia ≥ 50 tahun), intervensi perilaku konsumsi makanan tinggi serat, dan pengenalan variasi buah dan sayur yang baik dikonsumsi bagi penderita T2D. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):41-50]


Author(s):  
Elisa Diana Julianti ◽  
Nunung Nurjanah ◽  
Deddy Muchtadi ◽  
Nurheni Sri Palupi ◽  
Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono

Guava leaves extract were known to be rich in polyphenols and had an antihyperglycemic activity. Carbohydrate source food modified with polyphenols had lower digestibility and glycemic index than native. For that reason, tapioca (Manihot utilissima) modified with guava leaves extract was expected for reducing the risk of diabetes mellitus. The antihyperglycemic activity of tapioca starch modified with red guava leaf extract and its native starch were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats aged 2 months (weight 175-250 g). Rats were fed with tapioca starch modified with 4 percent guava leaf extract and native tapioca for 35 days. The rats, the blood glucose level, and pancreatic Langerhans islets were assayed. The result showed that tapioca starch modified with 4 percent guava leaves extract had antihyperglycemic activity compared to its native starch. Tapioca starch modified with 4 percent guava leaves extract significantly increased beta-cell pancreas density and even though it did not significantly lower blood sugar levels in diabetic rats, but at the end of treatment, blood sugar levels were lower than the diabetic rat fed with native tapioca.ABSTRAK Ekstrak daun jambu biji diketahui kaya akan polifenol dan memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik. Modifikasi pangan sumber karbohidrat dengan polifenol memiliki daya cerna dan indeks glikemik lebih rendah dibanding aslinya. Oleh karena itu pati tapioka (Manihot utilissima) termodifikasi ekstrak daun jambu biji merah diharapkan dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes mellitus. Aktivitas antihiperglikemik dari pati tapioka termodifikasi dengan ekstrak daun jambu biji merah dan pati aslinya dievaluasi menggunakan tikus Sprague Dawley berusia 2 bulan (175-250 g) yang diinduksi dengan streptozotocin. Tikus diabetes diberi pakan tapioka terdimodifikasi 4 persen ekstrak daun jambu dan tapioka asli sebagai pembanding selama 35 hari. Parameter yang dinilai adalah glukosa darah dan gambaran histopatologis pankreas tikus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tapioka termodifikasi 4 persen ekstrak daun jambu memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik dibandingkan pati aslinya. Tapioka termodifikasi ekstrak daun jambu biji merah secara signifikan meningkatkan kepadatan sel beta pankreas dan meskipun tidak signifikan menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus diabetes, namun pada akhir perlakuan, kadar gula darah lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tikus diabetes yang diberi pakan tapioka asli.


Author(s):  
Yunita Diana Sari ◽  
Rika Rachmawati

The culture of consuming food away from home (FAFH) is part of a daily habit for almost all age groups and social classes including school-age children and adolescents. The benefit of consuming FAFH including food diversification from an early age to increase the nutrition quality of food consumed. The negative aspects are obtained when it’s consumed excessively that could cause excessive energy intake. Frequent consumption of FAFH is associated with a low intake of fruits and vegetables and also a low intake of micronutrients. FAFH contained high fat and saturated fat, less calcium, fiber, and iron compared with home-prepared foods. The study aimed to determine the nutrients contribution (energy, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) of FAFH compared to the total daily energy intake. The study using secondary data analysis of the individual Food Consumption Survey 2014. The definition of FAFH is all foods and beverages produce outside the house but consumed by households, foods, and beverages that produce and consume at school/workplace and places like eatery places and vendors, etc.). The results of the study showed 86.529 respondent was consuming FAFH with the highest distribution of 53.9 percent in the urban area, 51.5 percent female, 44.3 percent in the 26-50 years age group and 24.3 percent at the top level of the economy. The contribution of nutrients from FAFH to total daily energy intake is 34.4 percent (606.9 kcal), protein 4.7 percent (20.7 g), fat 11.6 percent (23.2 g) and carbohydrates 18.6 percent (81.1 g). The ingredient of FAFH that mostly consumed are Cerealia and processed and the tubers and processed food groups.ABSTRAKBudaya jajan menjadi bagian dari keseharian pada hampir semua kelompok usia dan kelas sosial, termasuk anak usia sekolah dan golongan remaja. Makanan jajanan bermanfaat terhadap penganekaragaman makanan sejak kecil dalam rangka peningkatan mutu gizi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Aspek negatif makanan jajanan yaitu apabila dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kelebihan asupan energi. Seringnya mengkonsumsi makanan diluar rumah berkaitan dengan rendahnya asupan buah dan sayuran dan rendahnya asupan mikronutrien Kontribusi dari makanan jajanan tinggi akan lemak dan lemak jenuh serta kurang akan kalsium, serat, dan zat besi dibandingkan dengan makanan dari rumah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kontribusi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, lemak dan protein) makanan jajanan terhadap total energi. Analisis lanjut data Survey Konsumsi Makanan Individu 2014. Definisi makanan jajanan adalah makanan dan minuman yang diolah di luar rumah tetapi dikonsumsi di rumah tangga, makanan dan minuman yang diolah dan dikonsumsi di sekolah/tempat kerja serta makanan dan minuman yang diolah dan dikonsumsi selain tempat yang diatas (rumah makan, pedagang kaki lima, dll). Jumlah responden yang mengonsumsi makanan jajanan sebanyak 86.529 dengan sebaran tertinggi 53,9 persen diperkotaan, 51,5 persen pada perempuan, 44,3 persen pada kelompok umur 26-58 tahun dan 24,3 persen pada tingkat ekonomi teratas. Kontribusi makanan jajanan terhadap total asupan energi sehari sebesar 34,4 persen. (606,9 kkal), protein 4,7 persen (20,7 gr), lemak 11,6 persen (23,2 gr) dan karbohidrat 18,6 persen (81,1 gr). Kelompok bahan makanan jajanan yang sering dikonsumsi adalah serealia dan olahan serta kelompok umbi-umbian dan olahan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):29-40]


Author(s):  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Rahmat Eko Sanjaya ◽  
Noor Baity ◽  
Syahmani Syahmani

Kalimantan Selatan sebagian besar wilayahnya berupa sungai dan rawa dengan luas daerah rawa mencapai 235.677 hektare. Dengan luas daerah seperti itu, Kalimantan Selatan memilki banyak jenis ikan sungai yang salah satunya adalah ikan seluang (Rasbora Sp). Melalui hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meberikan informasi mengenai kandungan gizi, mineral, asam lemak dan jenis asam amino dari ikan seluang. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan (1) tahap pengambilan dan preparasi sampel, (2) analisis proksimat ikan seluang (kadar air, abu, protein, mineral dan lemak), (3) ekstraksi lemak ikan seluang, (4) analisis kandungan asam lemak dengan GC-MS dan (5) analisis jenis asam amino menggunakan HPLC. Ikan seluang (Rasbora Sp) diambil dari Sungai Barito Kabupaten Banjar, setiap 100 g ikan Seluang mengandung kadar air ±55,89%, kadar abu ±11,45%, total protein ±47,54%, total lemak ±12,36%, mineral Fe ±2,9%, Cu ±0,38%, Zn ±3,64% dan dalam 100 gram ikan seluang mengandung 21,53 kilokalori. Ikan seluang mengandung asam lemak oleat (omega 9) sebesar 36,43%, palmitat 27,43%, stearate 11,97%, palmitoleat 3,75%, laurat 3,17%, miristat 3,11%, dan EPA asam eikosapentanoat (Omega 3) sebesar 2,98%. Sedangkan jenis asam amino yang terdapat pada ikan seluang (Rasbora Sp) adalah 14 jenis terdiri dari 7 asam amino esensial (leusin, lisin, valin, isoleusin, phenil alanin, histidin, dan methionin) dan 7 asam amino non-esensial (asam glutamat, asam aspartat, serin, triosin, arginin, alanin, dan glisin).


Author(s):  
Cita Eri Ayuningtyas

Cookies is a popular snack in the world made from wheat flour. Level of wheat flour consumption in Indonesian in 2015 was 1,552 per capita.In other side, cookies gluten free as well as water yam flour, maizena flour, bekatul, mocaf, suweg, and rice flour is developing to replace wheat flour despite of less popular. The research was aim to identificate consumer preference of cookies gluten free’s organoleptic. Research design used complete randomized design (RAL)which the varians of rice flour, tapioca flour, and maizena flour. Organoleptic test used to identificate level of consumer preference. Result of the research showed that level of consumer preference to the varians of rice flour, tapioca flour, and maizena flour has no significantly different (p=0,008). 10 from 27 consumer prefered cookies 412 which all the atribut texture, colour, and flavour. Conclusion : Cookies 412 was the best cookies than others followed by its texture atribut.    


Author(s):  
Krishna Purnawan Candra ◽  
Ratna Setia Ningsih ◽  
Sukmiyati Agustin ◽  
Elisa Maulidya Putri

The incidence of foodborne disease caused by street food in Indonesia tends to increase. Meatball served with tomato sauce is popular among elementary school students in Indonesia. This research examined the safety of the sauce used for meatball sold among the elementary school students in Samarinda. Rhodamine B and microbiological quality of the tomato sauce were examined from 25 vendors. Sanitation during the meatball preparation by each vendor was also questioned. Results showed that 79.2% of the vendor sold the meatball with Rhodamine B was positively detected in the tomato sauce. All sauce did not meet the requirements of the microbiological quality of Indonesian standard. It might be caused by cross-contamination of the pathogenic microbes from equipment, poor vendor sanitation while preserving the sauce, or the water used in the preserving processed. Contamination from air pollution also needs serious attention because the vendors sold the meatball in the street or by the roadside.


Author(s):  
Diah Estingtias ◽  
Tantut Susanto ◽  
Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur

Background:The role of family are included role formal and informal. Those roles are required to meet the need of a baby in daily complementary breast feeding. Aside from bearing responsibility in parenting, a family also plays substantive role in meeting nutritional needs of their child for his growth and development. Objectives:To analyze the correlation between the family of role and complementary breast feeding in 6-24 months old baby in Jember, East Java Province of Indonesia. Method:This research applied correlational design and cross-sectionalapproach. The sample was taken using cluster random samplingapproach on 113 participant. The correlation is analyzed using Spearmen Ranktest. Results:The average family of role was categorized as good (Z=1,870; p-value=0.002). At the same time, the average complementary breast feeding practiced in 6-24 months old baby was categorized as fair (89.4%). There were correlation between the family of role and complementary breast feeding in 6-24 months old baby (r= 0.297; p-value=0.001), Conclusions:Family have role to improve complementary breast feeding practiced. To further increase the complementary breast feeding the research give good advice to health workers and community health centers staff are more active in doing counseling regarding complementary feeding according to the age of the baby.


Author(s):  
Alvionikita Bella Iskandar ◽  
Farida Wahyu Ningtyias ◽  
Ninna Rohmawati

Moringa oleifera leaf is a food that has high levels of protein and calcium but has not been utilized optimally. Processing of ice cream with the addition of Moringa leaf flour is one form of diversification of foods that are rich in nutrients (protein and calcium) that function in supply nutrition demand of pregnant women. The research aimed to analyze protein, calcium levels and the acceptability of ice cream by adding Moringa leaf flour. The research method used true experimental design with 12 units of trials in 4 treatments: ice cream without the addition of Moringa leaf flour / control (X0) and with the addition of Moringa leaf flour 20 gram (X1), 25 gram (X2), 30 gram (X3). The protein content of the samples was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, calcium by the Permanganometry method, and the test of acceptability using the Hedonic Scale Test. Data on protein and calcium levels were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test and Mann Whitney U Test while the results of the acceptance test were analyzed using the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). The results showed the addition of Moringa leaf flour can increase protein and calcium levels of ice cream. The results of the analysis showed that the addition of Moringa leaf flour affected the levels of protein, calcium and acceptability (color and taste) of ice cream (p-value ≤ α). Ice cream with the addition of 30 gram Moringa leaf flour (X3) has the highest levels of protein and calcium. The recommended ice cream is an ice cream with the addition of 25 gram (X2) of Moringa leaf flour because it is most preferred by panelists and has appropriate the quality standards of ice cream. Pregnant women with the chronic energy defenciasy (CED) category can consume X2 ice cream (50 gram) as much as 3-4 cups per day as PMT to fulfill their nutritional needs. ABSTRAK Daun Kelor merupakan bahan makanan yang memiliki kadar protein dan kalsium yang tinggi namun belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pengolahan es krim dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor merupakan salah satu bentuk diversifikasi pangan yang kaya zat gizi (protein dan kalsium) yang berfungsi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan tepung daun kelor terhadap kadar protein, kalsium dan daya terima es krim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain true experimental dengan 12 unit perobaan dalam 4 perlakuan: es krim tanpa penambahan tepung daun kelor/ kontrol (X0) dan dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor 20 gram (X1), 25 gram (X2), 30 gram (X3). Kadar protein sampel dianalisis dengan metode Kjeldahl, kalsium dengan metode Permanganometri, dan uji daya terima menggunakan Hedonic Scale Test. Data hasil uji kadar protein dan kalsium dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis  dan Mann Whitney U Test sedangkan hasil uji daya terima dianalisis menggunakan uji Friedman dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan tingkat signifikasi 5% (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan tepung daun kelor dapat meningkatkan kadar protein dan kalsium es krim. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penambahan tepung daun kelor berpengaruh terhadap kadar protein, kalsium dan daya terima (warna dan rasa) es krim (p-value  ≤ α). Es krim dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor 30 gram (X3) memiliki kadar protein dan kalsium paling tinggi. Es krim yang direkomendasikan adalah es krim dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor 25 gram (X2) karena paling disukai panelis dan telah memenuhi standar persyaratan mutu es krim. Ibu hamil dengan kategori KEK dapat mengkonsumsi es krim X2 (50 gram) sebanyak 3-4 cup per hari sebagai PMT untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya.


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