Daily session topics

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. viii
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110322
Author(s):  
Frédéric J Baud ◽  
Vanessa Seif ◽  
Pascal Houzé ◽  
Jean-Herlé Raphalen ◽  
Benoît Pilmis ◽  
...  

Introduction: Adsorption of gentamicin in a polyacrylonitrile filter was previously evidenced in a session lasting 6 h using the NeckEpur model. We extended the study over three consecutive days to mimic the 72-h life span of a filter. Methods: Prismaflex® monitor and ST150® filter were used in the continuous diafiltration (CDF) mode at a 2.5 L/h flowrate. The daily session started with a 6-h session of CDF. Thereafter, the 5-L central compartment was changed using a bag free of gentamicin to assess gentamicin release over the following 18 h. Experiments were repeated on Day 2 and stopped at the end of the 6-h session of CDF on Day 3. The experiment was performed in duplicate. Results: At a 2.5 L/h diafiltration flowrate, the mean daily clearances of gentamicin were 5.5, 4.0, and 3.3 L/h, respectively. The mean diafiltration and adsorption ratios in the daily elimination of gentamicin were 32/68%, 58/42%, and 88/12%, respectively. During days 1 and 2, the mean amount of gentamicin released from the ST150® filter were 14 and 34 mg, respectively. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin over 3 days is strongly altered by adsorption in the same filter with a progressive decrease of elimination by adsorption, suggesting saturation of the filter. One limitation of our study results from the mode of administration using a bolus dose instead of an infusion over 30 min. Adsorption adds a clearance to those of diafiltration. The time-dependency of gentamicin clearance precludes using a constant dosage regimen over the filter’s life span.


1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Friedman ◽  
David A. Marshall

To obtain an estimate of the learning ability of opossums, five tame ones were trained on a series of position reversals to a criterion. With 4 trials per day there was no consistent improvement over a series of 15 reversals. When each daily session was increased to as many trials as needed to reach criterion, errors dropped sharply, indicating the formation of a position learning set. Upon return to 4 trials per day, 3 of 4 animals continued to perform with few errors, showing transfer of learning set. Opossums do more poorly than rats on this task, which is in agreement with the relative phyletic level of the two species.


2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Deibel ◽  
Matthew L. Ingram ◽  
Andrew B. Lehr ◽  
Hiliary C. Martin ◽  
Darlene M. Skinner ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Sunghyun In ◽  
Rong Jie Zhao ◽  
Hye Ryeong Han ◽  
Chae Ha Yang ◽  
Hee Young Kim ◽  
...  

ObjectivesThe occurrence of a relapse during abstinence is an important issue that must be addressed during treatment for drug addiction. We investigated the influence of drug exposure pattern on morphine-seeking behaviour following withdrawal. We also studied the role of the hippocampus in this process to confirm its involvement in drug relapse.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats that were trained to self-administer morphine (1.0 mg/kg) using 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 h daily sessions underwent withdrawal in their home cages and were re-exposed to the operant chamber to evaluate morphine-seeking behaviour. During the relapse session, rats were intravenously injected with morphine (0.25 mg/kg) or saline before re-exposure to the chamber. In the second experiment, rats were administered a microinjection of saline or cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 1 mM), a synaptic blocker, into the CA1 of the hippocampus prior to the relapse test.ResultsIn the first experiment, more morphine-seeking behaviour was observed in the 2 h group (animals trained to self-administer morphine during a 2 h daily session spread over 21 days) during the relapse session, despite all groups being exposed to similar amounts of morphine during the training period before withdrawal. In the second experiment, pretreatment with CoCl2 markedly reduced morphine-seeking behaviour in the 2 h group.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the exposure pattern influences the degree of relapse and that control of memorisation is important for prevention of relapse.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Bertulfo Herrera Quiceno ◽  
Wilder Geovanny Valencia Sánchez ◽  
Diego Armando García Gómez ◽  
José Albeiro Echeverri Ramos

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa de aprendizaje de las capacidades coordinativas sobre el tiempo en la prueba de patinaje de 300 metros contra reloj individual y la coordinación general. Participaron 14 niños y niñas entre los seis y ocho años de edad que fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo experimental (n=7) o grupo control (n=7); la media de la edad del grupo experimental fue 8,1 años (DE=0.5) y la media del grupo control 7,6 años (DE=0.82); con una experiencia deportiva igual para ambos grupos (16 meses). El grupo experimental tuvo un entrenamiento adicional de coordinación antes de la sesión cotidiana durante 20 sesiones distibuidas en siete semanas. El programa constó de 15 ejercicios en escalerilla realizados en cada sesión asi: tres ejercicios con dos series de 10 repeticiones y recuperación de 30 segundos en la primera serie y dos minutos después de la segunda. El grupo control no recibió estímulo adicional y continuó con el entrenamiento cotidiano del patinaje. Se realizó pre y post-test donde se midió la velocidad con la prueba de 300 m contra reloj individual en patines y la coordinación de los niños con el test Korperkoordination Test fur Kinder. Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en las comparaciones intra-grupo, sin embargo, al realizar la comparación inter-grupos, se constató que no existen diferencias significativas (p= 0.180) en velocidad, pero en la práctica del patinaje estas diferencias son relevantes porque determinan una disminución en el tiempo de una prueba contra reloj, que puede significar un cambió ecológico significativo.Abstract. The research objective was to determine the effect of a learning program for coordination skills on the time of the 300-meter rollerblading test against individual clock and on general coordination. A sample of 14 boys and girls between six and eight years old, who were randomly assigned to experimental group (n=7) or control group (n=7) participated in the study; average age of the experimental group was 8,1 years old (SD=0,5), whereas in the control group it was 7,6 years old (SD=0.82); participants from both groups had similar sports experience (16 months). During 20 sessions over seven weeks, the experimental group received additional coordination training before each daily session. The program consisted of 15 ladder exercises, where in each session three exercises were performed with two sets of 10 repetitions and recovery of 30 seconds in the first series and two minutes after the second. The control group did not receive additional stimulus and continued with daily rollerblading training. Pre- and post-test were performed, with speed being measured during the 300m test against individual clock, whilst children's coordination was assessed with the Korperkoordination Test fur Kinder Test. The results showed significant differences in intra-group comparisons; however, when performing the inter-group comparison, no significant differences (p = 0.180) were found in speed. Nonetheless, in rollerblading practice these differences are relevant, because they determine a decrease in the time of a test against the clock, which may mean a significant ecological change.


Author(s):  
Sheila A. M. Rauch ◽  
Barbara O. Rothbaum ◽  
Erin R. Smith ◽  
Edna B. Foa

This chapter presents how all the pieces of the Prolonged Exposure-Intensive Outpatient Program (PE-IOP) fit together to form a program. The authors discuss areas for variations and ways to improve efficiency. Each day of the PE-IOP program is described, with each component noted and the detailed specifics outlined. Suggested time markers for sessions are presented.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebrina L. Doyle ◽  
Patricia A. Jennings ◽  
Joshua L. Brown ◽  
Damira Rasheed ◽  
Anna DeWeese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R479-R486 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Grigson ◽  
J. M. Kaplan ◽  
M. F. Roitman ◽  
R. Norgren ◽  
H. J. Grill

The simultaneous contrast paradigm was used to evaluate responsiveness to a low (0.05 M) and a high (0.5 M) concentration of sucrose under two conditions in intact and chronic decerebrate rats. In one condition the low concentration was presented on one day and the high concentration on another. In the other condition presentation of the two concentration was alternated within the same daily session. In each case there was a total of 40 trials/day during which the stimulus was delivered intraorally for 2 s at a rate of 1.5 ml/min with a 30-s intertrial interval. The results showed that the intact rats always licked more for the high than for the low concentration of sucrose but that the magnitude of the effect was larger when given the opportunity to compare the two concentrations within the same daily session. The decerebrate rats produced a similar pattern, but the concentration effect was evident only when the stimuli were alternated within the same daily session. These data stand as the first evidence that the isolated caudal brain stem is adequate for the expression of a behavior that depends on comparison processes involving short-term memory.


1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thomas Elder ◽  
James G. May ◽  
Merrill M. Rye

13 rats were prepared with chronically indwelling electrodes, the exposed tips of which were in the vicinity of median forebrain bundle. In addition, 7 of these received septal lesions, 2 were inflicted with unilateral hippocampal lesions, and 2 sustained unilateral lesions of the anterior neocortex. The remaining two Ss received no further surgery beyond the electrode implant. All were trained to bar press for brain stimulation at crf, FI 10-sec., FI 20-sec., FI 40-sec., FI 60-sec., FI 90-sec., and FI 120-sec. reinforcement contingencies, respectively. Although the major outcome of the study was that bar pressing could be developed and maintained by FI ICSS in a manner similar to FI food reinforcement, there were several characteristics of the FI ICSS-controlled behavior which distinguished it from bar pressing controlled by FI food reward. (1) Even when an S had been exposed to FI ICSS for as many as 28 hr., it was necessary at the beginning of each daily session to “prime” and “retrain” S. (2) For FI 60 sec. to FI 120 sec. the over-all rate and coarse grain of the cumulative record of the ICSS sustained behavior was less pronounced than that characteristic of food-controlled fixed-interval. (3) The lesions situated in the septum, hippocampus, and cortex did not alter the FI performance to a noticeable extent.


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