Necessity and Content of Swing Phase Gait Coordination Training Post Stroke; A Case Report

Background/Problem: Standard neurorehabilitation and gait training has not proved effective in restoring normal gait coordination for many stroke survivors. Rather, persistent gait dyscoordination occurs, with associated poor function, and progressively deteriorating quality of life. One difficulty is the array of symptoms exhibited by stroke survivors with gait deficits. Some researchers have addressed lower limb weakness following stroke with exercises designed to strengthen muscles, with the expectation of improving gait. However, gait dyscoordination in many stroke survivors appears to result from more than straightforward muscle weakness. Purpose: Thus, the purpose of this case study is to report results of long-duration gait coordination training in an individual with initial good strength, but poor gait swing phase hip/knee and ankle coordination. Methods: Mr. X was enrolled at >6 months after a left hemisphere ischemic stroke. Gait deficits included a ‘stiff-legged gait’ characterized by the absence of hip and knee flexion during right mid-swing, despite the fact that he showed good initial strength in right lower limb quadriceps, hamstrings, and ankle dorsiflexors. Treatment was provided 4 times/week for 1.5 h, for 12 weeks. The combined treatment included the following: motor learning exercises designed for coordination training of the lower limb; functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted practice; weight-supported coordination practice; and over-ground and treadmill walking. The FES was used as an adjunct to enhance muscle response during motor learning and prior to volitional recovery of motor control. Weight-supported treadmill training was administered to titrate weight and pressure applied at the joints and to the plantar foot surface during stance phase and pre-swing phase of the involved limb. Later in the protocol, treadmill training was administered to improve speed of movement during the gait cycle. Response to treatment was assessed through an array of impairment, functional mobility, and life role participation measures. Results: At post-treatment, Mr. X exhibited some recovery of hip, knee, and ankle coordination during swing phase according to kinematic measures, and the stiff-legged gait was resolved. Muscle strength measures remained essentially constant throughout the study. The modified Ashworth scale showed improved knee extensor tone from baseline of 1 to normal (0) at post-treatment. Gait coordination overall improved by 12 points according to the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool, Six Minute Walk Test improved by 532′, and the Stroke Impact Scale improved by 12 points, including changes in daily activities; mobility; and meaningful activities. Discussion: Through the combined use of motor learning exercises, FES, weight-support, and treadmill training, coordination of the right lower limb improved sufficiently to exhibit a more normal swing phase, reducing the probability of falls, and subsequent downwardly spiraling dysfunction. The recovery of lower limb coordination during swing phase illustrates what is possible when strength is sufficient and when coordination training is targeted in a carefully titrated, highly incrementalized manner. Conclusions/Contribution to the Field: This case study contributes to the literature in several ways: (1) illustrates combined interventions for gait training and response to treatment; (2) provides supporting case evidence of relationships among knee flexion coordination, swing phase coordination, functional mobility, and quality of life; (3) illustrates that strength is necessary, but not sufficient to restore coordinated gait swing phase after stroke in some stroke survivors; and (4) provides details regarding coordination training and progression of gait training treatment for stroke survivors.

The Impact of Training on Human–Autonomy Team Communications and Trust Calibration

Objective This work examines two human–autonomy team (HAT) training approaches that target communication and trust calibration to improve team effectiveness under degraded conditions. Background Human–autonomy teaming presents challenges to teamwork, some of which may be addressed through training. Factors vital to HAT performance include communication and calibrated trust. Method Thirty teams of three, including one confederate acting as an autonomous agent, received either entrainment-based coordination training, trust calibration training, or control training before executing a series of missions operating a simulated remotely piloted aircraft. Automation and autonomy failures simulating degraded conditions were injected during missions, and measures of team communication, trust, and task efficiency were collected. Results Teams receiving coordination training had higher communication anticipation ratios, took photos of targets faster, and overcame more autonomy failures. Although autonomy failures were introduced in all conditions, teams receiving the calibration training reported that their overall trust in the agent was more robust over time. However, they did not perform better than the control condition. Conclusions Training based on entrainment of communications, wherein introduction of timely information exchange through one team member has lasting effects throughout the team, was positively associated with improvements in HAT communications and performance under degraded conditions. Training that emphasized the shortcomings of the autonomous agent appeared to calibrate expectations and maintain trust. Applications Team training that includes an autonomous agent that models effective information exchange may positively impact team communication and coordination. Training that emphasizes the limitations of an autonomous agent may help calibrate trust.

Effects of a 10-Week Combined Coordination and Agility Training Program on Young Male Soccer Players

The current literature has shown how working on coordination and agility produces effects on specific aspects in team sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a ten-week coordination training program applied to soccer on different tests that evaluate speed (30 m speed test), agility (Illinois Agility Test (IAT)) and lower body strength (countermovement jump (CMJ)). Forty U16 male soccer players from two nonprofessional teams (twenty in the control group (CG) (aged = 14.70 ± 0.47, body weight = 60.15 ± 8.07 kg, height = 1.71 ± 0.06 m) and twenty in the experimental group (EG) (aged = 14.50 ± 0.51, body weight = 58.08 ± 9.78 kg, height = 1.69 ± 0.06 m)) performed a combined coordination and agility program during 10 min every training day (3 days a week) for 10 weeks. The results of this study showed that coordination training produced adaptations in the power (CMJ of EG (p = 0.001)) and agility capacities (IAT of EG (p = 0.002)) of young soccer players, but not on speed performance at longer distances (CG, p = 0.20 and EG, p = 0.09). Despite the benefits of the training program, a combination of training methods that includes power, agility, speed, and strength can enhance such improvements.

Kaderisasi Penyedia Daging Qurban ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, Halal) dan Layak

Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi pemerintah terkait pembinaan penyembelihan hewan qurban adalah masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak melaporkan ke pemerintah setempat penyembelihan hewan qurban selain itu jumlah petugas yang tidak sebanding dengan luas wilayah dan banyaknya lokasi penyembelihan pada waktu yang bersamaan sehingga sulit untuk dilakukan pembinaan lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan ke masyarakat agar dapat menyediakan daging hewan qurban yang ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal) serta layak bagi masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan yaitu melalui pembentukan kader penyedia daging hewan qurban yang ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal) serta Layak bagi Masyarakat pada Mesjid. Kegiatan ini telah terlaksana dengan baik dan diikuti sebanyak 14 mesjid dan 100 orang kader se Kecamatan Rappocini, Kota Makassar. Hasil monitoring evaluasi diketahui bahwa salah satu titik kritis yang harus menjadi perhatian dan perlu ditingkatkan oleh pada kader tersebut adalah penanganan daging qurban meliputi setelah penyembelihan.Kata Kunci: Takmir Mesjid, Daging Qurban, ASUH, LayakAssistance of the Takmir of the Mosque in Providing Sacrificial Meat that is FARE (Safe, Healthy, Whole, Halal) and AppropriateABSTRACTOne of the government's obstacles regarding the development of sacrificial animal slaughter is that there are still many people who do not report to the local government the slaughter of sacrificial animals. Also, the number of officers is not proportional to the area of the area and the number of slaughtering locations simultaneously, so it is difficult to carry out further training. Therefore an effective method is needed to increase knowledge to the public to provide ASUH (Safe, Healthy, Whole, and Halal) qurban meat and suitable for those who consume it. One way to do this is through the assistance of mosque takmirs to provide ASUH (Safe, Healthy, Whole, and Halal) qurban meat and is appropriate for the community at the mosque. The entire series of activities consisting of location surveys, preparation and coordination, training implementation, and monitoring evaluation were carried out from March to August 2019. The training consisted of theory and practice, which lasted for 2 days attended by 100 mosque takmirs from 14 mosques in Rappocini District, Makassar City. The monitoring and evaluation results show that one of the critical points that should be of concern and need to be improved by mosque takmirs is the handling of qurban meat, including the stages after slaughter.Keywords: Mosque takmirs, Meat Qurban, ASUH, Appropriate

Coordination and agility: How is the correlation in improving soccer dribbling skills?

Investigation that was raised in this study was to improve dribbling skills. One form of training that must be done is coordination training and agility training for the players of the Tunas Muda Medan Football School (SSB TMM). Furthermore, it is expected that discoveries can be made that can improve dribbling skills with other training components for soccer players in soccer schools. This study aims to improve the skills of dribbling SSB TMM players in the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province by using coordination training and agility training. The experimental population was all SSB TMM players with a sample of 22 people. The research method used is descriptive with a correlational process, the analysis system is used to test the hypothesis which is the normality test, linearity test, and correlation test. From the end of the first hypothesis correlation test, a significance value of 0.046 <0.050 is obtained, so there is a significant relationship between coordination on the results of the ability of dribbling ball. The achievement of the second hypothesis test has a significance value of 0.037 <0.05, so there is a significant relationship between agility and the results of the ability to dribble a ball. Based on the multiple regression test, it is known that the significance is 0.037 <0.05, then H0 is not accepted and Ha is accepted. Thus, the two components of coordination and agility simultaneously have a significant relationship with the ability to dribble a ball.

The Effect of Eight-Weeks Coordinatıon Training on Tennis and Motor Skills Performance on 8-10 Years Children

Aim: To examine the effects of coordination applied to 8-10 years old female athletes on tennis and some motor skills. Metodology: The athletes were randomly divided into experiment and control groups by applying Dewitt-Dugan tennis test, standing long jump, vertical jump, 20m speed, T test and square test. In the study, while the control group only participated in club training for 8 weeks, 5 days a week and 60 min.and the experimental group added coordination training education. Data was collected and entered in SPSS 22.0. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the parameters of all measurements of the experimental group in the standing long jump, vertical jump, 20m speed, t test and Dewitt-Dugan parameters and no significant change in the square test results (p>0.05). Among the final measurement values of the experimental and control groups, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in the values of standing long jump, vertical jump, 20m speed and Dewitt-Dugan parameters, except for the T test and the square test (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be said that the 8-week coordination training applied to the experimental group has a positive effect on the motor characteristics and tennis skill, and specific coordination movements added to each unit training can be beneficial for the athletes. Keywords:Racket Sports, coordination, skill development, training, drills.

Modeling: ratio between means of teaching and motor training in junior school physical education classes

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the ratio between means of teaching and motor training in junior school physical education classes. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 boys who were 8 years old at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into four groups of eight people each. A pedagogical experiment was conducted using a 22 full factorial design. The study recorded the following indicators: number of repetitions required to teach exercises; grade for a unidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 1); grade for a multidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 2); error in time accuracy of performing the squat thrust (test 3); error in time accuracy of 5 jumps on marks in 5 s (test 4); error in assessing muscular effort with visual control (test 5); vestibular stability, error (test 6). The obtained experimental material was processed statistically using statistical analysis software packages (SPSS 20). Results. According to the logistic function analysis, the achievement of an optimal result in differentiating temporal characteristics of movement requires 8.5 months, strength characteristics of movement – 8 months, movement coordination – 8 months, vestibular analyzer stability – 10 months. It takes 3 to 5 months to obtain positive increases in testing results in boys aged 8-9. The ratio of time allotted for strength training (ST) and coordination training (CT) to teaching motor actions (TMA) varies as 1:4 (ST: TMA) and 1:4.5 (CT: TMA). Conclusions. The ratio of time allotted for strength training, coordination training, and teaching to the time of the main part of the class ranges between 14.3-23.5% (strength training), 17.1-23.5% (coordination training), and 53.0-68.6% (teaching). As exercises become more complicated, the time allotted for strength and coordination training increases.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Konsentrasi Dan Latihan Koordinasi Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Shooting Game Atlet Petanque Undikma

This research is motivated by the inconsistency of the shooting ability of athletes in shooting games in Petanque sports, both at the regional and national levels. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration training and coordination training on the improvement of the shooting game ability of Undikma petanque athletes. This study used an experimental method with the design of "two group pretest posttest design". The research instrument used was a shooting ability test with shooting stations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a distance of 6 meters, 7 meters, 8 meters, and 9 meters. The sample in this study were 14 Undikma Petanque athletes. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the t-test analysis showed the same significant results between concentration training and coordination training. However, the result of the concentration exercise was better than the coordination exercise. It was seen that the average value of shooting using the pretest result of concentration training was 4.71 which increased by 13.00. The amount of increase was 8.28. The coordination exercise, which was originally the pretest average result of 3.42 increased to 10.00. The amount of increase was 6.57. The difference in the average result of shooting game improvement with concentration training and coordination training is 1.71.