Neurological functioning in adolescence and its relationship to adult schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
J.M. Lafosse ◽  
S.A. Mednick ◽  
N. Michelsen ◽  
P. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Functioning

Initial Evidence for Increased Weather Salience in Autism Spectrum Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bolton ◽  
William G. Blumberg ◽  
Lara K. Ault ◽  
H. Michael Mogil ◽  
Stacie H. Hanes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Neurological Functioning ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Logical Rules ◽  
Attention To Detail

Weather is important to all people, including vulnerable populations (those whose circumstances include cognitive processing, hearing, or vision differences, physical disability, homelessness, and other scenarios and factors). Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) affect information-processing and areas of neurological functioning that potentially inhibit the reception of hazardous weather information, and is of particular concern for weather messengers. People on the autism spectrum tend to score highly in tests of systemizing, a psychological process that heavily entails attention to detail and revolves around the creation of logical rules to explain things that occur in the world. This article reports the results of three preliminary studies examining weather salience–psychological attention to weather–and its potential relationships with systemizing in autistic people. Initial findings suggest that enhanced weather salience exists among autistic individuals compared to those without the condition, and that this may be related to systemizing. These findings reveal some possible strategies for communicating weather to autistic populations and motivate future work on a conceptual model that blends systemizing and chaos theory to better understand weather salience.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diet treatment as adjuvant to standard treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: a feasibility and safety study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175883591985395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elles J. T. M. van der Louw ◽  
Joanne F. Olieman ◽  
Patricia M. L. A. van den Bemt ◽  
Jacoline E. C. Bromberg ◽  
Esther Oomen-de Hoop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neurological Functioning

Background: High-grade glioma cells consume mainly glucose and cannot compensate for glucose restriction. Apoptosis may potentially occur under carbohydrate restriction by a ketogenic diet (KD). We explored the feasibility and safety of KD during standard treatment of chemoradiation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Methods: A full liquid KD induced ketosis within 2 weeks before start of chemoradiation. After 6 weeks, the KD was modified with solid foods and medium-chain-triglyceride emulsions and used for an additional 6 weeks while maintaining ketosis. During the total study period (14 weeks), feasibility, safety, coping (both patient and partner), quality of life (QoL), neurological functioning and impairment were measured. Overall survival was analyzed with actuarial estimates. Results: Eleven patients started the study protocol, nine reached ketosis and six (67%) completed the study. Severe adverse effects did not occur. The majority of coping scores ranged from 3 to 6 on a 10-point scale at all timepoints; QoL, neurological functioning, and impairment did not essentially change over time; overall survival ranged between 9.8 and 19.0 months. Conclusion: KD was feasible and safe as an adjuvant to standard chemoradiation treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. A supportive partner and intensive counseling were essential for coping. Future research should identify possible beneficial effects on overall survival. Clinical trial registration: Netherlands Trial Registry: NTR5167 (registration date 29-01-2015), http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp

scholarly journals Neurological functioning and fear responses in low and normal birth weight piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 104853
Author(s):  
Sanne Roelofs ◽  
Ellen Meijer ◽  
Valesca Baas ◽  
Mark Dobrovolski ◽  
Franz Josef van der Staay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Neurological Functioning

scholarly journals Relationships Among Neurological Functioning, Intelligence Quotients, and Physical Anomalies

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcus ◽  
S. L. Hans ◽  
B. Byhouwer ◽  
J. Norem
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Functioning

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Impairment among Juvenile Delinquents

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Hina Iqbal ◽  
Madiha Asghar ◽  
Gulshan Tara ◽  
Mussarat Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairment ◽  
Concentration Problem ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Motor Problems ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Neurological Functioning ◽  
Age Range

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of neuropsychological impairment among delinquents and non- delinquents. The total sample comprised of two hundred participants consisting of one hundred juvenile and non-juvenile with age range of 10-17 years (M=15.76, SD= 1.93). Data was collected from the incarcerated subjects from three main jails of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa they include, Central Prisons of Kohat, Peshawar Swabi and Haripur with the help of Psychologists serving in the prison. It was hypothesized that delinquents will score higher on neuropsychological impairment scale as compared to non-delinquents. Neuropsychological impairment will be significantly correlated with the scores of delinquency. The results revealed significant impairment in the neurological functioning of the delinquents as compared to non-delinquents. In the present study six neuropsychological deficits were measured, they included neuropsychological emotional, learning, sensory motor, concentration, and neuropsychological depression in association with delinquency. Hence the results produced three key findings, first the sub-scales of neuropsychological impairment were significantly positively associated with delinquency. Second, sub-scales of neuropsychological impairment predicted variation in the magnitude of association with delinquency. Third, of all the six sub-scales neuropsychological emotional problems, neuropsychological motor problems and neuropsychological depression were slightly strongly associated with delinquency as compared to learning, sensory motor and concentration problem.

scholarly journals Agitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Is a Clinical Sign of Recovery of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Nathan J. Winans ◽  
Zirun Zhao ◽  
Megan E. Cosgrove ◽  
Theresa Gammel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Neurological Functioning ◽  
Command Following ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Objective: Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often results in disorders of consciousness. Patients emerging from coma frequently exhibit aberrant behaviors such as agitation. These non-purposeful combative behaviors can interfere with medical care. Interestingly, agitation is associated with arousal and is often among the first signs of neurological recovery. A better understanding of these behaviors may shed light on the mechanisms driving the return of consciousness in sTBI patients. This study aims to investigate the association between posttraumatic agitation and the recovery of consciousness.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted in 530 adult patients (29.1% female) admitted to Stony Brook University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of sTBI and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤8. Agitation was defined as a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) > +1, or any documentation of equivalently combative and violent behaviors in daily clinical notes. The ability to follow verbal commands was used to define the recovery of consciousness and was assessed daily.Results: Of 530 total sTBI patients, 308 (58.1%) survived. Agitation was present in 169 of all patients and 162 (52.6%) of surviving patients. A total of 273 patients followed commands, and 159 of them developed agitation. Forty patients developed agitation on hospital arrival whereas 119 developed agitation later during their hospital course. Presence of in-hospital agitation positively correlated with command-following (r = 0.315, p < 0.001). The time to develop agitation and time to follow commands showed positive correlation (r = 0.485, p < 0.001). These two events occurred within 3 days in 54 (44.6%) patients, within 7 days in 81 (67.8%) patients, and within 14 days in 96 (80.2%) patients. In 71 (59.7%) patients, agitation developed before command-following; in 36 (30.2%) patients, agitation developed after command-following; in 12 (10.1%) patients, agitation developed on the same day as command-following.Conclusion: Posttraumatic agitation in comatose patients following sTBI is temporally associated with the recovery of consciousness. This behavior indicates the potential for recovery of higher neurological functioning. Further studies are required to identify neural correlates of posttraumatic agitation and recovery of consciousness after sTBI.

Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drug ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Neurological Functioning ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
Recreational Use

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States; currently, 29 states either allow medical and/or recreational use of the drug. As policy shifts toward medicalization and legalization of marijuana, it is reasonable to expect that prevalence rates and resulting health consequences will increase. But overall the research field regarding marijuana’s possible negative health effects and potential as medicine is still relatively young. Use of marijuana has been linked to negative deleterious effects, but the evidence varies as a function of the age of the user, whether use is recreational or regular, and health domain. This science is stronger for some areas (e.g., mental health) than others (e.g., lung functioning). The issue that marijuana may have medicinal properties has emboldened proponents of marijuana legalization to further push for recreational liberalization of the drug. The words “medical marijuana” suggest that the whole marijuana plant is safe medicine established by rigorous research. Yet the marijuana plant consists of hundreds of components; some are not linked to any medical value and some have different effects on different disorders and ailments. The aim of this edited book is to highlight new and meaningful theory and empirical pertaining to studies on marijuana use trends, the drug’s impact on cognitive and neurological functioning, its medical effects, and treatment approaches for those with a cannabis use disorder.

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