Validation of techniques for fast response measurement of HNO3 and NH3 and determination of the [NH3] [HNO3] concentration product

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M Harrison ◽  
I.M Msibi
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Hno3 Concentration

scholarly journals Using MoS2/Fe3O4 as Ion-Electron Transduction Layer to Manufacture All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode for Determination of Serum Potassium

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Yan Su ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Caiqiao Song ◽  
Aiqiao Fan ◽  
Nan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Long Term Stability

As an essential electrolyte for the human body, the potassium ion (K+) plays many physiological roles in living cells, so the rapid and accurate determination of serum K+ is of great significance. In this work, we developed a solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) using MoS2/Fe3O4 composites as the ion-to-electron transducer to determine serum K+. The potential response measurement of MoS2/Fe3O4/K+-ISE shows a Nernst response by a slope of 55.2 ± 0.1 mV/decade and a low detection limit of 6.3 × 10−6 M. The proposed electrode exhibits outstanding resistance to the interference of O2, CO2, light, and water layer formation. Remarkably, it also presents a high performance in potential reproducibility and long-term stability.

Effect of Deprivation Level and Overtraining on Differential Conditioning and Reversal

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
James R. Ison ◽  
Harvey Black
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Instrumental Conditioning ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Positive Stimulus ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Reversal Performance ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
Subsequent Onset

60 rats received 60 or 204 differential instrumental conditioning trials under 3-, 19- or 43-hr. water deprivation, followed by 60 reversal trials. In early acquisition speeds to both S+ and S—were greater with increased deprivation, but the subsequent onset of differentiation was most rapid in groups run at 43-hr. deprivation, this produced by their slower running to S—. Reversal performance was but little affected by deprivation, not was there any interaction between deprivation level and amount of prior training in the determination of reversal performance. Reversal performance was related to amount of prior training in a complicated fashion depending on the stimulus, the point of response measurement and the stage of training: First, number of prior reinforcements increased both start and run speeds to the old positive stimulus in early reversal but had no effect on start speeds and decreased run speeds in later reversal; second, number of prior non-reinforcements did not affect speed acquisition to the new positive stimulus.

scholarly journals Frequency Response Quality Index for Assessing the Mechanical Condition of Transformer Windings

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kornatowski ◽  
Szymon Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Response Quality ◽  
Mechanical Condition ◽  
Measurement Results

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a popular method for assessing a transformer’s mechanical condition. The paper proposes a new method for interpreting the frequency response measurement results. The currently used numerical indices only give one value, which may be misleading in the analysis, while the proposed frequency response quality index (FRQI) tool analyses three separate features in the whole frequency range. The applied numerical calculations technique allows for estimations of not only the values of the average quality indices, but also locally for given frequency ranges of the analysed spectrum. It allows for determination of the problems that can be found in the active part of a transformer. The presented results come from three transformers, representing cases of typical faults. Two of them are from industry, while one was used for deformational tests in laboratory conditions. The proposed FRQI method showed its usefulness in FRA test results analysis and may be introduced into the automated assessment of such data. Each of the component parameters is sensitive to other types of differences observed between the compared frequency response curves, and may be used as a good quality detection tool.

Analytical refinements in animal calorimetry

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
P. R. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Oxygen Analyzer

An analysis is presented of a system for indirect calorimetric measurement. Emphasis has been placed upon problems associated with the use of large climate-controlled chambers. The dynamics of gas exchange and the influence of ambient conditions on various parameters have been subjected to physical analysis which has led to the following conclusions: 1) Fast-response measurement of heat production can be achieved even if the size and hence washout time of the chamber is large. 2) Accurate continuous measurement of heat production over long periods, without correction for changes in barometric pressure, is possible if suitable instrumentation is chosen. 3) A method for calibration of a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer achieved high accuracy at low cost. 4) The entire system has been checked by simulation of gas exchange in the chamber, by injection of nitrogen at a known rate.

Dysprosium(III) Ion-Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on 6-Hydrazino-1,5-diphenyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-imine

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ali Zamani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ganjali ◽  
Nasim Seifi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Membrane Sensor ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Ph Range

A Dy(III) ion-selective electrode based on 6-hydrazino-1,5-diphenyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-imine (HDDPI) as an excellent sensing material was developed. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian behavior (a slope of 19.6 ± 0.3 mV per decade) over a wide concentration range (from 1.0 × 10-1 to 8.0 × 10-7 M Dy) with a detection limit of 4.2 × 10-7 M. The sensor response is independent of pH of the solution in the pH range 3.5-8.3. The sensor possesses the advantages of short conditioning time, fast response time (<10 s) and in particular, good selectivity and sensitivity to the dysprosium ion in the presence of a variety of cations, including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The sensor also showed a great enhancement in selectivity coefficients for dysprosium ions, in comparison with the formerly mentioned dysprosium sensors. The electrode can be used for at least 10 weeks without any considerable divergence in the potentials. The proposed electrode was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Dy(III) ions with EDTA. The membrane sensor was also used in the determination of concentration of F- ions in some mouth washing solutions and in the Dy3+ recovery from solution.

A Procedure for Automated Gas Turbine Blade Fault Identification Based on Spectral Pattern Analysis

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Loukis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis ◽  
K. Papailiou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Fault Identification ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Engine Condition ◽  
Direct Answer

A method for diagnosing the existence and the kind of faults in blades of a Gas Turbine compressor is presented in the present paper. The innovative feature of this method is that it performs the diagnosis automatically, namely it gives a direct answer to whether a fault exists and what fault it is, without requiring the interpretation of results by a human expert. This is achieved by the derivation of the values of discriminants calculated from spectral patterns of fast response measurement data. A decision about the corresponding Engine status is then derived according to the values of these discriminants. In the paper, the procedure of examining the suitability of particular parameter discriminants and the constitution of a related knowledge base is described. The way of derivation of decisions by a computer, on what engine condition a particular measurement data set corresponds, is then described.

scholarly journals Determination of Nd3+Ions in Solution Samples by a Coated Wire Ion-Selective Sensor

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ali Zamani
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Coated Wire ◽  
Nernstian Slope ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Coated Wire Electrode ◽  
Selective Sensor

A new coated wire electrode (CWE) using 5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (MPT) as an ionophore has been developed as a neodymium ion-selective sensor. The sensor exhibits Nernstian response for the Nd3+ions in the concentration range of 1.0×10−6-1.0×10−2M with detection limit of 3.7×10−7M. It displays a Nernstian slope of 20.2±0.2 mV/decade in the pH range of 2.7–8.1. The proposed sensor also exhibits a fast response time of ∼5 s. The sensor revealed high selectivity with respect to all common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions, including members of the lanthanide family other than Nd3+. The electrode was used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Nd(III) ions with EDTA. The electrode was also employed for the determination of the Nd3+ions concentration in water solution samples.

Determination of the time characteristics of fast response photocells

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639-1640
Author(s):  
V. V. Brunov ◽  
A. F. Kotyuk ◽  
L. N. Samoilov ◽  
S. V. Tikhomirov ◽  
V. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response

scholarly journals Potentiometric Determination of Prednisolone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-748
Author(s):  
A. Zaki Gehan ◽  
M.E. Hassouna Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenyl Borate ◽  
Tetraphenyl Borate ◽  
Borate Solution

In this present work, a prednisolone ion selective electrode (PRED-ISE) has been developed. The electrode shows linear response towards prednisolone in the range 3.0×10−6 – 8.6×10−3 M with a detection limit of 2.5×10−6. PRED-ISE was used as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of different concentrations of standard prednisolone against standardized sodium tetraphenyl borate solution and in tablets. The electrode manifests advantages of low resistance, fast response and, most importantly, good selective relativity to a variety of other cations.

scholarly journals Influence factors on the critical micelle concentration determination using pyrene as a probe and a simple method of preparing samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 192092
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Danna Hu ◽  
Feiqing Liang ◽  
Xiaowei Huang ◽  
Qiuhua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Exciting Light ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Application Range

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is an important parameter of widely used surfactants and needs to be measured in the application and development of surfactants. Fluorometric method is a widely used method determining CMC values owing to the advantages of highly sensitivity, fast response and wide application range. There are two common methods (I and II) of preparing samples for CMC fluorometric determination. In the process of developing CMC probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, we found that methods I and II were not suitable for CMC probes with AIE charateristics and developed a new sample preparation method (III), which is not only suitable for CMC probes with AIE characteristic but also decreases operation procedures and errors owing to omitting the addition of micro amount of dyes into each sample. To ascertain if method III is also suitable for other CMC probes without AIE characteristics, the CMC values of surfactants were determined by fluorometric method using widely used pyrene without AIE charateristic as probe and methods I–III to prepare samples. The obtained experimental results proved that method III not only was suitable for preparation of samples for CMC determination of surfactants using pyrene as probe but also led to the least average deviation (methods I–III led to ±0.13, ±0.34 and ±0.05 mM deviation for the CMC determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively). The CMC determination using pyrene as probe is based on its change in the ratio ( I FIII / I FI ) of its emission peaks I and III with surfactant concentration. Unexpectedly, it was found that the I FIII / I FI value of pyrene in surfactant solutions is sensitive to the measurement conditions changing exciting light energy, such as slit widths and sample-measured number. In addition, it was found that surfactant SDS or cetrimonium bromide from different suppliers not only has significantly different CMC values but also leads to very different I FIII / I FI values of pyrene in a certain concentration of surfactant, which can be used as a simple method to distinguish the same surfactant with different CMC values.

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