X-Ray Diffraction Studies on the Lattice Perfection of Human Bone Apatite (Crista Iliaca)

Nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nHA) thin coatings of thickness 0.5 µm have been successfully produced using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique, through careful selection and control of the processing conditions. nHA coatings were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) to determine the rate of nucleation and growth of an apatite layer on their surface. A dense, newlyformed apatite layer with similar characteristics to that of the biological bone apatite, was observed after 7 days of immersion in SBF. X-ray diffraction and infrared analyses confirmed this layer to be calcium-deficient nanocrystalline carbonate HA. All these results demonstrated that the novel nHA coatings were highly bioactive, and the time-frame required to form a dense apatite layer was reduced significantly as compared to the micrometer-sized, sintered HA pellets (from 28 days to 7 days).

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The effect of fluoride on the X-ray-diffraction pattern of the apatite of human bone

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ◽

10.1016/0006-3002(62)90730-8 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 255-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

I. Zipkin ◽

A.S. Posner ◽

E.D. Eanes

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Pattern ◽

Human Bone ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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The case for reprecipitation of human bone as an event in a Bronze Age cist burial, Scotland

Open Journal of Archaeometry ◽

10.4081/arc.2014.5255 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Allan J. Hall ◽

Lyn Wilson ◽

Maureen E. Young

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Organic Molecules ◽

Human Bone ◽

Aqueous Geochemistry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Field School ◽

Landscape Research ◽

Anoxic Environment ◽

Archaeological Landscape

A hard whitish precipitate was observed on the lower part of the sandstone sidewalls and as pebble coatings in a Bronze Age cist burial near Forteviot, Strathearn, Scotland. The cist was discovered on excavation of a Neolithic henge in August 2009 during the joint Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities [Strathearn and Environs Royal Forteviot (SERF)] archaeological landscape research project and summer field school. Similar cists have not been found in this area. Scrapings of the precipitate proved on examination by powder X-ray diffraction to be hydroxyapatite. The mamillary material proved on examination by scanning electron microscopy to be calcium carbonate, calcite which had grown as groups of mm-size spheroids consisting of bundles of acicular crystals. Both components of the precipitate were also identified using oil immersion microscopy. Much organic material was preserved in the cist but neither (inorganic) bone nor teeth has been located to date (November 2010). The phosphatic mineral-precipitates provided the first confirmation that there had been bone and therefore an inhumation. Computational aqueous geochemistry using Geochemist’s Workbench confirms that the inorganic calcium phosphate component of human bone is soluble in acidic fluid and demonstrates how it can reprecipitate with change in fluid chemistry. Bone dissolution should be anticipated as being an expected early process when a human body produces an acidic fluid rich in organic molecules as it decays in an essentially closed, but wet, anoxic environment. Any precipitates on grave stonework should be identified as such material could represent human remains and could also provide evidence of environmental processes in the archaeological setting of a burial.

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An x-ray diffraction investigation of age-related changes in the crystal structure of bone apatite

Calcified Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf02010360 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C. B. Smith ◽

D. A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Age Related ◽

Bone Apatite ◽

Age Related Changes

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Phase Transformation of Biphasic Granules of Gypsum and Carbonated Apatite at Low Temperatures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.50 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1133 ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri ◽

Syazana Abu Bakar ◽

Abdul Yazid Abdul Manaf ◽

Siti Farhana Hisham ◽

Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Carbonated Apatite ◽

Infra Red ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Bone Apatite

The purpose of this study was to prepare biphasic granules containing gypsum and carbonated apatite at low temperatures. The biphasic granules were prepared using dissolution-precipitation technique at three different temperatures 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. Characterization of the biphasic granules was determined by multiple analytical methods such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), and CHN Analysis. The obtained granules were determined by XRD as biphasic granules containing bone apatite and gypsum. The cross-section of biphasic granules was observed by SEM. The formed bone apatite was identified as B-Type carbonated apatite using FTIR The carbonate content in biphasic granules fabricated at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C were recorded by CHN analysis as 5.0 wt%, 6.1 wt% and 6.25 wt%, respectively.

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Compressive Properties of Hot-Rolled Mg-Zr-Ca Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.56 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 197-198 ◽

pp. 56-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ying Long Zhou ◽

Dong Mei Luo ◽

Wang Yu Hu ◽

Yun Cang Li ◽

Peter D. Hodgson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Compressive Modulus ◽

Human Bone ◽

Compressive Yield Strength ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Compressive Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Hot Rolled ◽

Compressive Tests

This paper investigated the microstructures and compressive properties of hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys for biomedical applications. The microstructures of the Mg-Zr-Ca alloys were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy, and the compressive properties were determined from compressive tests. The experimental results indicate that the hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys with 1% Ca are composed of one single a phase and those alloys with 2% Ca consist of both Mg2Ca and a phase. The hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys exhibit typical elongated microstructures with obvious fibrous stripe, and have much higher compressive strength and lower compressive modulus than pure Mg. All the studied alloys have much higher compressive yield strength than the human bone (90~140 MPa) and comparable modulus with the human bone, suggesting that they have a great potential to be good candidates for biomedical applications.

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