GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | Cell Division and Differentiation

2003 ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
B. Veit
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Growth And Development

scholarly journals A 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism within the <i>CDC25A</i> gene and its associations with growth traits in goat

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Cui ◽  
Nuan Liu ◽  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
Yanghai Zhang ◽  
Lei Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Candidate Marker ◽  
Essential Function

Abstract. Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases, is required for progression from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. CDC25A provides an essential function during early embryonic development in mice, suggesting that it plays an important role in growth and development. In this study, we used mathematical expectation (ME) methods to identify a 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism of CDC25A gene in Shaanbei White Cashmere (SBWC) goats. We also investigated the association between this 20-bp indel and growth-related traits in SBWC goats. Association results showed that the indel was related to growth traits (height at hip cross, cannon circumference, and cannon circumference index) in SBWC goats. The height at hip cross of individuals with insertion/insertion (II) genotype was higher than those with insertion/deletion (ID) genotype (P=0.02); on the contrary, the cannon circumference and cannon circumference index of individuals with ID genotype were superior when compared with those with II genotype (P=0.017 and P=0.009). These findings suggest that the 20-bp indel in the CDC25A gene significantly affects growth-related traits, and could be utilized as a candidate marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the cashmere goat industry.

scholarly journals The PASTICCINO genes of Arabidopsis thaliana are involved in the control of cell division and differentiation

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Faure ◽  
P. Vittorioso ◽  
V. Santoni ◽  
V. Fraisier ◽  
E. Prinsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The control of cell division by growth regulators is critical to proper plant development. The isolation of single-gene mutants altered in the response to plant hormones should permit the identification of essential genes controlling the growth and development of plants. We have isolated mutants pasticcino belonging to 3 complementation groups (pas1, pas2, pas3) in the progeny of independent ethyl methane sulfonate and T-DNA mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The screen was performed in the presence or absence of cytokinin. The mutants isolated were those that showed a significant hypertrophy of their apical parts when grown on cytokinin-containing medium. The pas mutants have altered embryo, leaf and root development. They display uncoordinated cell divisions which are enhanced by cytokinin. Physiological and biochemical analyses show that cytokinins are probably involved in pas phenotypes. The PAS genes have been mapped respectively to chromosomes 3, 5 and 1 and represent new plant genes involved in the control of cell division and plant development.

Cell Division

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reduction Division ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Chromosomal Number ◽  
Meiosis I

Cells divide for three main reasons: growth and development, replace worn-out or injured cells, and reproduction of offspring. Cell division is part of the cell cycle divided into five distinct phases. The diploid state of the cell is the normal chromosomal number in species. During sexual reproduction, the cell's chromosome number is reduced to a haploid state to ensure constancy in chromosome number and thus continuation of the species. The process of cell division is controlled by regulatory proteins. Mitosis occurs in all body cells and is divided into four phases. Meiosis, which occurs in only the germ cells involved in reproduction, divides the chromosomes in two rounds termed meiosis I and meiosis II (reduction division). The human lifecycle starts with gametogenesis, the process that forms gametes which then combine to form a zygote. The zygote quickly becomes an embryo and develops rapidly into a foetus. This chapter explores cell division.

THE GROWTH AND DIVISION OF CELLS IN RELATION TO MORPHOGENESIS IN FERN GAMETOPHYTES: II. THE EFFECT OF BIOCHEMICAL AGENTS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Sobota ◽  
C. R. Partanen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Differential Cell ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Nucleic Acid Analogues

The development of the gametophyte of Pteridium aquilinum was examined in the presence of several biochemical agents. These compounds, by virtue of their influence on the processes of cell division and cell elongation, brought about a change in the gross morphology of the gametophyte. It was thus reconfirmed that a change in the form of the gametophyte may be explained in terms of differential cell behavior. This interpretation was extended to include the response of the gametophytes to several amino acid and nucleic acid analogues. It was also demonstrated that there is no quantitative increase in protein concentration associated with the development of a 2-dimensional structure and it was suggested that an examination of gametophyte morphology in terms of an interaction of cell division and cell elongation may provide a better insight into the problem of gametophyte morphogenesis.

Overview of Sustainable Plant Growth and Differentiation and the Role of Hormones in Controlling Growth and Development of Plants Under Various Stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Abdul Majeed Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

Plant development is different from animals by many fundamental aspects; as they have immobilized cells, a rigid cell wall, and the large central vacuole. Plant growth and cell division are restricted to the specific area of the shoot and root called meristems. Plants have the ability to carry out differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. In plants, the growth and differentiation processes are controlled by hormonal and genetic factors. Phytohormones can exert independent/ dependent actions on plant growth and development. A pool of stem cells is placed at the niche of the apex meristem, which is the source of self-renewal of the cell system and its maintenance to provide cells to differentiated tissues. A complex interaction network between hormones and other factors maintains a balance between cell division and differentiation. Auxins promote the growth, gibberellins’ function in seed germination, cytokinin’s influence on cell division and delay leaf senescence; abscisic acid promotes the stomatal closure and bud dormancy, while salicylic acid promotes resistance against different diseases. Plants are often exposed to different abiotic and biotic stresses, for example, heat, cold, drought, salinity etc., whereas biotic stress arises mainly from fungi, bacteria, insect, etc. Phytohormones play a critical role in well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable the plant’s optimal growth response. In this review, we studied both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which govern growth and differentiation of plants under normal and stress condition. This review also deals with genetic modifications occurring in the cell and cell signaling during growth and differentiation.

FACTORS CONTROLLING EMBRYO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. La Croix ◽  
J. Naylor ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cell Extension ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Tetraploid Level

Normal growth and development of barley proembryos occurred in excised intact florets, but not in ovaries from which lemmas and paleas were removed. The lemmas and paleas of the barley floret apparently contained a substance (referred to as "hull factor") which inhibited cell extension and stimulated cell division in the embryo. Evidence was obtained that this stimulation was not due to the provision of a simple energy source such as sucrose. In the absence of the "hull factor", ovaries cultured in vitro were found to contain embryos having nuclei in which the DNA content was equivalent to the tetraploid level, while mitosis was almost completely lacking. A similar embryo growth stimulation was obtained when a single leaf was left on an excised barley spike where lemmas and paleas were removed.

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