Natural and synthetic bone replacement graft materials for dental and maxillofacial applications

ABSTRACT Background Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy has shown good results in the management of mandibular molar class II furcation defects. Advances in biomaterial sciences have developed alloplastic bone replacement graft materials and bioabsorbable GTR barrier membranes with good biologic response and handling properties. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment gain and the bone fill obtained with an alloplast [biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)] with and without a bioabsorbable GTR barrier [flowable poly (DL-lactide) (PLA) dissolved in N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP)] in the treatment of mandibular molar class II furcation defects. Materials and methods A total of 20 class II furcation defects were treated in 16 patients with chronic periodontitis in a comparative study. Ten defects were treated with Camceram® (BCP 60% HA and 40% – TCP) bone replacement graft material (group I) and 10 defects with a combination of Camceram® bone replacement graft material with Atrisorb® Freeflow™, bio-absorbable GTR barrier (flowable PLA dissolved in NMP) (group II). At baseline and at 6 months postsurgery, clinical parameters of vertical probing depth (PD) and horizontal probing depth (P-H), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and vertical depth of furcation defect (VDF) and horizontal depth of furcation defect (BP-H) were evaluated. Results Statistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Intergroup comparisons made at 6 months postsurgery by unpaired Student's t-test showed mean reduction in PD in group I was 3.10 ± 0.73 mm and in group II was 3.20 ± 1.03 mm (p > 0.05). Mean reduction in P-H in group I was 1.60 ± 0.69 mm and in group II was 1.90 ± 0.73 mm (p > 0.05). Gain in CAL in group I was 2.80 ± 1.03 mm and in group II was 2.90 ± 0.94 mm (p > 0.05). Change in GR in group I was .0.30 ± 0.48 mm and in group II was .0.30 ± 0.48 (p > 0.05). Reduction in VDF in group I was 1.30 ± 0.67 mm and in group II was 1.80 ± 0.63 mm (p . 0.01). Reduction in BP-H in group I was 1.30 ± 0.67 mm and in group II was 1.90 ± 0.73 mm (p . 0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that the combination technique of BCP alloplast with a flowable bioabsorbable GTR barrier led to better results in regard to defect bone fill as compared with when the BCP alloplast alone was used. How to cite this article Kini V, Nayak DG, Uppoor AS. A Clinical Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Alloplast with and without a Flowable Bioabsorbable Guided Tissue Regeneration Barrier in the Treatment of Mandibular Molar Class II Furcation Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):143-148.

Download Full-text

The Putative Collagen Binding Peptide Hastens Periodontal Ligament Cell Attachment to Bone Replacement Graft Materials

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.990 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 990-997 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Thomas E. Lallier ◽

Raymond Yukna ◽

Stacy St. Marie ◽

Randy Moses

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Periodontal Ligament Cell ◽

Collagen Binding ◽

Binding Peptide ◽

Bone Replacement ◽

Bone Replacement Graft

Download Full-text

Near-net-shape fabrication of open-porous bone replacement materials of calcium phosphate and protein

10.51202/9783186294173 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Berit Müller

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Synthetic Bone ◽

Bone Replacement Material ◽

Bone Replacement ◽

Near Net Shape ◽

Composition Structure ◽

Direct Incorporation

As today’s synthetic bone implants fulfil the requirements for the repair of bone defects only in part continuous research for their improvement is ongoing. This work aims at the fabrication of bone replacement materials with bone-like properties regarding composition, structure, mechanical stability, and resorbability. As appropriate fabrication method, the slurry-based freeze gelation process was chosen. It allows the direct incorporation of active bio-relevant compounds, such as proteins, during scaffold processing. Moreover, the process enables the fabrication of complex-shaped and open-porous scaffolds. As principal components for the scaffolds calcium phosphate and protein were selected as they are biocompatible and resorbable. This work analyses the interaction between calcium phosphate and protein in suspension and investigates the suitability of the fabricated calcium phosphate/protein scaffolds as bone replacement material and drug release depot. Table of Contents SUMMARY ...

Download Full-text

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite Powder in Combination with Polylactic Acid/Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer as Bone Replacement Graft in the Surgical Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Retrospective Case Series Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13020269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Simone Verardi ◽

Teresa Lombardi ◽

Claudio Stacchi

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Case Series ◽

Polyglycolic Acid ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Acid Copolymer ◽

Bone Replacement ◽

Retrospective Case Series ◽

Bone Replacement Graft

The aim of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite powder (NHA) in combination with polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) as a bone replacement graft in the surgical treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Medical charts were screened following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal parameters and periapical radiographs taken before surgery and at 12-month follow-up were collected. Intra-group comparisons were performed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Twenty-five patients (13 males, 12 females, mean age 55.1 ± 10.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Mean probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at baseline were 8.32 ± 1.41 mm and 9.96 ± 1.69 mm, respectively. Twelve months after surgery, mean PD was 4.04 ± 0.84 mm and CAL was 6.24 ± 1.71 mm. Both PD and CAL variations gave statistically significant results (p < 0.00001). The mean radiographic defect depth was 5.54 ± 1.55 mm and 1.48 ± 1.38 mm at baseline and at 12-month follow-up, respectively (p < 0.0001). This case series, with the limitations inherent in the study design, showed that the combination of NHA and PLGA, used as bone replacement graft in intrabony periodontal defects, may give significant improvements of periodontal parameters at 12-month follow-up.

Download Full-text