Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2013 ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
P.C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marion-Letellier ◽  
Guillaume Savoye ◽  
Paul L. Beck ◽  
Remo Panaccione ◽  
Subrata Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patterson ◽  
R. Wall ◽  
G. F. Fitzgerald ◽  
R. P. Ross ◽  
C. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (e.g., arachidonic acid (AA)) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are precursors to potent lipid mediator signalling molecules, termed “eicosanoids,” which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In general, eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFA are proinflammatory while eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFA are anti-inflammatory. Dietary changes over the past few decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA show striking increases in the (n-6) to (n-3) ratio (~15 : 1), which are associated with greater metabolism of the n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA. Coinciding with this increase in the ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are increases in chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). By increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA in the Western diet, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of these chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Omega Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledyane Taynara Marton ◽  
Ricardo de Alvares Goulart ◽  
Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Sandra Maria Barbalho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, inflammatory processes that affect the gastrointestinal tract and are mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids (eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) show an indispensable role in the inflammatory processes and, for these reasons, we aimed to review the effects of these acids on UC and CD. Databases such as PUMED and EMBASE were searched, and the final selection included fifteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that ω3 fatty acids reduce intestinal inflammation, induce and maintain clinical remission in UC patients, and are related with the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease disease activity and increase the quality of life of CD patients. Furthermore, the consumption of these fatty acids may be related to a reduced risk of developing IBD. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of ω3 as adjunctive in the treatment or prevention of UC or CD. Nevertheless, most were performed with a small number of patients and there are many variations in the mode of consumption, the type of food or the type of formulation used. All these factors substantially interfere with the results and do not allow reliable comparisons.

scholarly journals Identifying environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Carreras-Torres ◽  
Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz ◽  
Mireia Obón-Santacana ◽  
Eric J. Duell ◽  
Victor Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Several studies have examined environmental factors and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using traditional approaches; however, provided results are still conflicting. Our aim was to determine whether lifestyle and nutrient exposures, related to IBD in observational meta-analyses, influence IBD risk using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A two-sample MR approach was applied on summary-level genome-wide association results. Genetic variants strongly associated with measures of tobacco smoking, obesity and fat distribution, physical activity, and blood levels of vitamins and fatty acids were evaluated on genetic data from international IBD consortia including a total of 25,042 IBD cases (12,194 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12,366 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 34,915 controls. Our results indicated that, among lifestyle exposures, being a smoker was positively associated with CD (OR 1.13, P = 0.02), but it was not associated with UC risk (OR 0.99, P = 0.88). Body-mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage were positively associated with CD (OR 1.11, P = 0.02, per standard deviation (SD) of 4.6 kg/m2; and OR 1.50, P = 3 × 10–10, per SD of 6.6%; respectively); while for UC, BMI was inversely associated (OR 0.85, P = 5 × 10–5; per SD) and body fat percentage showed a OR of 1.11 (P = 0.11; per SD). Additionally, among nutrient exposures, omega-3 fatty acids levels were inversely associated with CD (OR 0.67, P = 2 × 10–6). Our MR results did not support a protective effect for being a smoker on UC risk; however, they are compatible with a risk effect for higher body fat proportion and a protective role for higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids on CD etiology.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nutrients on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja ◽  
Dominika Piątek ◽  
Rafał Filip
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases is a group of inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of diseases is multifactorial, which may include a Western-type diet. Diseases occur with periods of recurrence and remission. Many factors can have a beneficial effect on reducing the frequency of recurrence and prolonging the remission period. Such ingredients include dietary fibre, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, certain vitamins (D, C, and E), flavonoids, and minerals such as zinc and selenium. Properly selected nutrition might be an integral part of the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Circulating and Dietary Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Incidence of CVD in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Jason H. Y. Wu ◽  
Ana Baylin ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya ◽  
Stephen S. Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Omega 6

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Health and Disease Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samina Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the last decades, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been largely explored not only for their nutritional value but also for the numerous biological functions and therapeutic effects. The serum and erythrocyte levels of PUFAs depend on the genetic control of metabolism as well as the dietary intake and are considered to reflect the health and disease status of an individual. Two families of PUFAs, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have gained much attention because of their involvement in the production of bioactive lipid mediators and therefore, a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is crucial in maintaining the overall health of an individual. Omega-3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been shown to exert beneficial effects, possibly due to their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects, whereas omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) exhibit the opposite properties. Even though, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have clearly established the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs in various pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, some controversies do exist about the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs and need to be clarified. Larger clinical trials with extended follow-up periods are required along with a careful dose selection, in order to confirm the clinical significance and efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs as therapeutic agents.

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