scholarly journals Omega Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledyane Taynara Marton ◽  
Ricardo de Alvares Goulart ◽  
Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Sandra Maria Barbalho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, inflammatory processes that affect the gastrointestinal tract and are mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids (eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) show an indispensable role in the inflammatory processes and, for these reasons, we aimed to review the effects of these acids on UC and CD. Databases such as PUMED and EMBASE were searched, and the final selection included fifteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that ω3 fatty acids reduce intestinal inflammation, induce and maintain clinical remission in UC patients, and are related with the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease disease activity and increase the quality of life of CD patients. Furthermore, the consumption of these fatty acids may be related to a reduced risk of developing IBD. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of ω3 as adjunctive in the treatment or prevention of UC or CD. Nevertheless, most were performed with a small number of patients and there are many variations in the mode of consumption, the type of food or the type of formulation used. All these factors substantially interfere with the results and do not allow reliable comparisons.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficacy of Mesenchymal/Stromal-Based Therapy for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Mercedes Lopez-Santalla ◽  
Marina Inmaculada Garin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consisting of persistent and relapsing inflammatory processes of the intestinal mucosa are caused by genetic, environmental, and commensal microbiota factors. Despite recent advances in clinical treatments aiming to decrease inflammation, nearly 30% of patients treated with biologicals experienced drawbacks including loss of response, while others can develop severe side effects. Hence, novel effective treatments are highly needed. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) therapy is an innovative therapeutic alternative currently under investigation for IBD. MSCs have the inherent capacity of modulating inflammatory immune responses as well as regenerating damaged tissues and are therefore a prime candidate to use as cell therapy in patients with IBD. At present, MSC-based therapy has been shown preclinically to modulate intestinal inflammation, whilst the safety of MSC-based therapy has been demonstrated in clinical trials. However, the successful results in preclinical studies have not been replicated in clinical trials. In this review, we will summarize the protocols used in preclinical and clinical trials and the novel approaches currently under investigation which aim to increase the beneficial effects of MSC-based therapy for IBD.

The role of titanium dioxide in the gut

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-442
Author(s):  
Cassiana Ganem Achtschin ◽  
Aytan Miranda Sipahi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Long Term Impact

Purpose Titanium is a naturally occurring mineral in the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is one of the most widely used food additives. The purpose of this review article is to show the importance of the accumulation of this mineral in the gut and its relation with inflammatory processes. Methodology This is a literature review study from 2002 to 2016, focusing on studies with TiO2 and its relation with inflammatory bowel diseases. Findings Articles describe that TiO2 is resistant to gastrointestinal degradation, as it has high stability, and that its particles, ingested daily, may bind to biomolecules in the lumen or be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, accumulating in the macrophages of lymphoid tissue in the gut, thus causing or aggravating the inflammatory response in the inflamed bowel. Limitations/implications There is a limited number of studies on the long-term impact of dietary microparticles in animal models, in healthy subjects and in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Practical implications It is necessary to regulate the amount of TiO2 used in industrialized products. Social implications The high consumption of processed foods, as opposed to a healthy diet based on the balanced consumption of nutrients, is relevant, as it may lead to or exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Originality/value This review indicates that titanium particles may mediate toxicological processes leading to an abnormal increase in intestinal permeability, which may be particularly aggravating in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Identifying environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Carreras-Torres ◽  
Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz ◽  
Mireia Obón-Santacana ◽  
Eric J. Duell ◽  
Victor Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Several studies have examined environmental factors and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using traditional approaches; however, provided results are still conflicting. Our aim was to determine whether lifestyle and nutrient exposures, related to IBD in observational meta-analyses, influence IBD risk using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A two-sample MR approach was applied on summary-level genome-wide association results. Genetic variants strongly associated with measures of tobacco smoking, obesity and fat distribution, physical activity, and blood levels of vitamins and fatty acids were evaluated on genetic data from international IBD consortia including a total of 25,042 IBD cases (12,194 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12,366 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 34,915 controls. Our results indicated that, among lifestyle exposures, being a smoker was positively associated with CD (OR 1.13, P = 0.02), but it was not associated with UC risk (OR 0.99, P = 0.88). Body-mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage were positively associated with CD (OR 1.11, P = 0.02, per standard deviation (SD) of 4.6 kg/m2; and OR 1.50, P = 3 × 10–10, per SD of 6.6%; respectively); while for UC, BMI was inversely associated (OR 0.85, P = 5 × 10–5; per SD) and body fat percentage showed a OR of 1.11 (P = 0.11; per SD). Additionally, among nutrient exposures, omega-3 fatty acids levels were inversely associated with CD (OR 0.67, P = 2 × 10–6). Our MR results did not support a protective effect for being a smoker on UC risk; however, they are compatible with a risk effect for higher body fat proportion and a protective role for higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids on CD etiology.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Canabidinoids on the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Going Beyond Misuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Gabriela Achete de Souza ◽  
Samylla Vaz de Marqui ◽  
Élen Landgraf Guiguer ◽  
Adriano Cressoni Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal condition, including mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Cannabis sativa (CS) is widely used for medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes. The most studied compound of CS is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Besides many relevant therapeutic roles such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, there is still much controversy about the consumption of this plant since the misuse can lead to serious health problems. Because of these reasons, the aim of this review is to investigate the effects of CS on the treatment of UC and CD. The literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, PMC, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The use of CS leads to the improvement of UC and CD scores and quality of life. The medical use of CS is on the rise. Although the literature shows relevant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could improve UC and CD scores, it is still not possible to establish a treatment criterion since the studies have no standardization regarding the variety and part of the plant that is used, route of administration and doses. Therefore, we suggest caution in the use of CS in the therapeutic approach of IBD until clinical trials with standardization and a relevant number of patients are performed.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marion-Letellier ◽  
Guillaume Savoye ◽  
Paul L. Beck ◽  
Remo Panaccione ◽  
Subrata Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Naschla Gasaly ◽  
Marcela A. Hermoso ◽  
Martín Gotteland
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.

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