Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases is a group of inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of diseases is multifactorial, which may include a Western-type diet. Diseases occur with periods of recurrence and remission. Many factors can have a beneficial effect on reducing the frequency of recurrence and prolonging the remission period. Such ingredients include dietary fibre, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, certain vitamins (D, C, and E), flavonoids, and minerals such as zinc and selenium. Properly selected nutrition might be an integral part of the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

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Evaluation of metabolites levels in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20206603233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 233-240

Author(s):

E.S. Zhgun ◽

Y.V. Kislun ◽

T.N. Kalachniuk ◽

V.A. Veselovsky ◽

A.S. Urban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Published Data ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with an unknown etiology. They are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and death of patients. IBD are associated with suppression of normal intestinal microflora, including a decrease in bacteria, producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Among the various methods of intestinal microflora correction, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, is of a particular interest. As a result, a positive therapeutic effect is observed, accompanied by the restoration of the normal intestinal microflora of the patient. A significant drawback of the method is the lack of standardization. Metabolites produced by intestinal microflora, namely SCFAs, allow objective assessment of the functional state of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, the success of the FMT procedure. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, we have analyzed concentrations and molar ratios of SCFAs in fecal samples of 60 healthy donors. Results were in good accord when comparing two methods as well as with published data. Analysis of SCFAs in feces of patients with UC (19 patients) and CD (17 patients) revealed a general decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the experimental groups with significant fluctuations in the values in experimental groups compared to control group of healthy donors. On the limited group of IBD patients (6 patients with UC and 5 patients with CD) concentration of SCFAs before and within 30 days of observation after FMT was determined. It was shown that FMT had a significant impact on the SCFAs levels within 1 month term; tendency to reach characteristics of healthy donors is unambiguously traced for both diseases.

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Omega Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20194851 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 4851 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ledyane Taynara Marton ◽

Ricardo de Alvares Goulart ◽

Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho ◽

Sandra Maria Barbalho

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, inflammatory processes that affect the gastrointestinal tract and are mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids (eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) show an indispensable role in the inflammatory processes and, for these reasons, we aimed to review the effects of these acids on UC and CD. Databases such as PUMED and EMBASE were searched, and the final selection included fifteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that ω3 fatty acids reduce intestinal inflammation, induce and maintain clinical remission in UC patients, and are related with the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease disease activity and increase the quality of life of CD patients. Furthermore, the consumption of these fatty acids may be related to a reduced risk of developing IBD. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of ω3 as adjunctive in the treatment or prevention of UC or CD. Nevertheless, most were performed with a small number of patients and there are many variations in the mode of consumption, the type of food or the type of formulation used. All these factors substantially interfere with the results and do not allow reliable comparisons.

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Corrigendum: Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniela Parada Venegas ◽

Marjorie K. De la Fuente ◽

Glauben Landskron ◽

María Julieta González ◽

Rodrigo Quera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Regulation ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases

Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1007/s00535-016-1242-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 192

Author(s):

Mingming Sun ◽

Wei Wu ◽

Zhanju Liu ◽

Yingzi Cong

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Identifying environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76361-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Carreras-Torres ◽

Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz ◽

Mireia Obón-Santacana ◽

Eric J. Duell ◽

Victor Moreno

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Fat ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Several studies have examined environmental factors and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using traditional approaches; however, provided results are still conflicting. Our aim was to determine whether lifestyle and nutrient exposures, related to IBD in observational meta-analyses, influence IBD risk using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A two-sample MR approach was applied on summary-level genome-wide association results. Genetic variants strongly associated with measures of tobacco smoking, obesity and fat distribution, physical activity, and blood levels of vitamins and fatty acids were evaluated on genetic data from international IBD consortia including a total of 25,042 IBD cases (12,194 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12,366 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 34,915 controls. Our results indicated that, among lifestyle exposures, being a smoker was positively associated with CD (OR 1.13, P = 0.02), but it was not associated with UC risk (OR 0.99, P = 0.88). Body-mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage were positively associated with CD (OR 1.11, P = 0.02, per standard deviation (SD) of 4.6 kg/m2; and OR 1.50, P = 3 × 10–10, per SD of 6.6%; respectively); while for UC, BMI was inversely associated (OR 0.85, P = 5 × 10–5; per SD) and body fat percentage showed a OR of 1.11 (P = 0.11; per SD). Additionally, among nutrient exposures, omega-3 fatty acids levels were inversely associated with CD (OR 0.67, P = 2 × 10–6). Our MR results did not support a protective effect for being a smoker on UC risk; however, they are compatible with a risk effect for higher body fat proportion and a protective role for higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids on CD etiology.

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