Contribution of Infant Formula and Tea on Daily Fluoride Intake and Prevalence of Fluorosis Among Infants and Children

2018 ◽  
pp. 339-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalan Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Fluoride Intake

scholarly journals Associations Between Fluorosis of Permanent Incisors and Fluoride Intake From Infant Formula, Other Dietary Sources and Dentifrice During Early Childhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Levy ◽  
Barbara Broffitt ◽  
Teresa A. Marshall ◽  
Julie M. Eichenberger-Gilmore ◽  
John J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fluoride Intake

scholarly journals Association Between Usage of an App to Redeem Prescribed Food Benefits and Redemption Behaviors Among the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participants: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Junzhou Zhang ◽  
Kayoung Park ◽  
Chuanyi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one of the most important food assistance programs in the United States, serving 6.4 million low-income, eligible women, infants, and children under 5 years of age in 2019. In the program, participants are prescribed a list of food benefits, which can be redeemed in WIC-authorized stores. However, there are multiple behavioral barriers in the program and the stores that prevent participants from redeeming the benefits fully. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between the use of a widely used mobile phone app, WICShopper, and the redemption of the prescribed food packages. METHODS WIC administrative data were obtained from West Virginia for the period January 2019 to January 2020 and included 30,440 WIC households that had received food benefits in that period. The redemption rates of 18 WIC food benefits were compared between app users and nonapp users, that is, those who never used the app in the study period. The use behaviors were defined for the app users, including the number of active use benefit cycles, active benefit cycle rates, number of active use days in the cycle, and proportion rates of daytime use. Panel linear regressions were applied to examine how the redemption rates were related to these behaviors over time. RESULTS App users consistently had higher average redemption rates than nonapp users; the difference ranged from 3.6% (4.8% relative) for infant formula to 14.3% (40.7% relative) for fish. After controlling for sociodemographics, the coefficients of app use were significantly positive for all benefit categories except for WIC-eligible nutritionals. More active cycles and active days in the cycle were significantly related to redemption rates for all categories, except for frozen juice (coefficient=−0.002, <i>P</i>=.09). Daytime app access was positively associated with redemption rates for most food benefits except only a few, such as infant formula (coefficient=−0.03, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Use of the WIC app was significantly related to higher redemption rates across food benefits, although the association varied across benefit categories. More active days were positively related to benefit redemptions across food categories, and the app’s daytime use was positively associated with the redemption of most benefit categories. These findings suggest that the WIC app can be an important tool for the promotion of benefit redemption among WIC participants.

Fluoride Availability in Fish Flour

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
D. M. Hadjimarkos
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Recent Statement

The recent statement by the Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics, that fluoride in fish flour is less than 50% available is incorrect. Recent balance studies in man demonstrated an 88% absorption of fluoride present in fish flour. Fish flour contains 150 to 300 ppm fluoride. In studies conducted abroad, infants and children 2 to 5 years of age received daily between 10 to 30 gm of fish flour in their diets. Assuming a fluoride content of at least 150 ppm, the daily fluoride intake would be between 1.5 and 4.5 mg

scholarly journals Influence of soya-based infant formula consumption on isoflavone and gut microflora metabolite concentrations in urine and on faecal microflora composition and metabolic activity in infants and children

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leane Hoey ◽  
Ian R. Rowland ◽  
Antony S. Lloyd ◽  
Don B. Clarke ◽  
Helen Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
In Infants And Children

The urinary excretion of soya isoflavones and gut microflora metabolites was investigated in infants and children who had been fed soya-based infant formulas in early infancy. These infants and children were compared with cows'-milk formula-fed controls, to determine at what age gut microflora metabolism of daidzein to equol and/orO-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) was established, and whether exposure to isoflavones in early infancy influences their metabolism at a later stage of development. Sixty infants and children (aged 4 months–7 years) participated in the study; thirty in each of the soya and control groups. There were four age groups. These were: 4–6 months (seven in the soya group and seven in the control group); 7–12 months (seven in the soya group and nine in the control group); 1–3 years (six in the soya group and eight in the control group); 3–7 years (ten in the soya group and six in the control group). Urine samples were collected to measure isoflavonoids by MS, and faecal samples were collected to measure gut-health-related bacterial composition, by fluorescentin situhybridisation with oligonucleotide probes, and metabolic activity. A soya challenge (typically a soya yoghurt alternative product containing 4·8g soya protein and on average 22mg total isoflavones) was given to control-group infants (>6 months) and children, and also to soya-group children that were no longer consuming soya, to determine their ability to produce equol and/orO-DMA. Urinary genistein, daidzein and glycitein were detected in all infants (4–6 months) fed soya-based infant formula;O-DMA was detected in 75% of infants but equol was detected in only 25%. In the controls (4–6 months), urinary isoflavonoids were very low or not detected. In the older age groups (7 months–7 years),O-DMA was found in the urine samples of 75% of the soya group and 50% of the controls, after the soya challenge. Equol excretion was detected in 19% of the soya-group infants and children, and in only 5% of the controls. However, in the oldest (3–7 years) children, the proportion excretingO-DMA and equol was similar in both groups. Faecal bacterial numbers forbifidobacteria(P<0·001),bacteroidesandclostridia(P<0·05) were significantly lower for the soya group compared with the control group. There appears to be no lasting effect of early-life isoflavone exposure on isoflavone metabolism.

scholarly journals Association Between Usage of an App to Redeem Prescribed Food Benefits and Redemption Behaviors Among the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participants: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/20720 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e20720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Junzhou Zhang ◽  
Kayoung Park ◽  
Chuanyi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program ◽  
The Difference

Background The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one of the most important food assistance programs in the United States, serving 6.4 million low-income, eligible women, infants, and children under 5 years of age in 2019. In the program, participants are prescribed a list of food benefits, which can be redeemed in WIC-authorized stores. However, there are multiple behavioral barriers in the program and the stores that prevent participants from redeeming the benefits fully. Objective This study aims to examine the relationship between the use of a widely used mobile phone app, WICShopper, and the redemption of the prescribed food packages. Methods WIC administrative data were obtained from West Virginia for the period January 2019 to January 2020 and included 30,440 WIC households that had received food benefits in that period. The redemption rates of 18 WIC food benefits were compared between app users and nonapp users, that is, those who never used the app in the study period. The use behaviors were defined for the app users, including the number of active use benefit cycles, active benefit cycle rates, number of active use days in the cycle, and proportion rates of daytime use. Panel linear regressions were applied to examine how the redemption rates were related to these behaviors over time. Results App users consistently had higher average redemption rates than nonapp users; the difference ranged from 3.6% (4.8% relative) for infant formula to 14.3% (40.7% relative) for fish. After controlling for sociodemographics, the coefficients of app use were significantly positive for all benefit categories except for WIC-eligible nutritionals. More active cycles and active days in the cycle were significantly related to redemption rates for all categories, except for frozen juice (coefficient=−0.002, P=.09). Daytime app access was positively associated with redemption rates for most food benefits except only a few, such as infant formula (coefficient=−0.03, P<.001). Conclusions Use of the WIC app was significantly related to higher redemption rates across food benefits, although the association varied across benefit categories. More active days were positively related to benefit redemptions across food categories, and the app’s daytime use was positively associated with the redemption of most benefit categories. These findings suggest that the WIC app can be an important tool for the promotion of benefit redemption among WIC participants.

Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations Regarding Fluoride Intake From Reconstituted Infant Formula and Enamel Fluorosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Berg ◽  
◽  
Catherine Gerweck ◽  
Philippe P. Hujoel ◽  
Rebecca King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Fluoride Intake

scholarly journals Increasing Access to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Program Through Discount Variety Stores (P04-164-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Wallace ◽  
Elizabeth Racine ◽  
Victoria Galica ◽  
Katelin Hudak ◽  
Caitlan Webster
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Objectives The Special Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) increases access to nutritious foods for low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women and their children under five. Participation in WIC has declined for the past 6 years. Discount variety stores (DVS) can be useful points of food access for low-income communities. We conducted in-depth interviews with staff at corporate, managerial, and store clerk levels at ten DVSs in North Carolina. These stores implemented WIC over a 10-month pilot study to assess WIC feasibility. Our study goal was to identify facilitators and barriers to WIC implementation in DVS. Learning more about facilitators and barriers associated with WIC implementation may lead to more successful program adoption, allowing more families to benefit from WIC and increase DVS revenues. Methods The design was an inductive approach to identify themes in qualitative in-depth interviews of employees of DVS at corporate, managerial, and store clerk levels. The interviews were uploaded into NVivo software. Thirty DVS employees were interviewed: six worked at the corporate level, 22 were in-store managers, and eight were store staff; 22 participants were women; eight were men. Ten DVS in low-income communities participated; nine of these stores were located in areas that were classified as a food desert. Results All except one participant provided positive feedback about being involved in the WIC program. Many DVSs store employees had previous experience participating in the WIC program which gave them a good understanding of the WIC shopping experience. Previous WIC experience and proximity to store location for DVS customers were facilitators of WIC implementation. The primary barriers included limited choice in store products for customers, complicated or unclear labeling for WIC-eligible products, and difficulty training store employees to process WIC payments. Conclusions Based on the WIC implementation, DVS found that selling WIC-eligible products, especially infant formula, was associated with selling more non-WIC items. The North Carolina WIC program moved from a paper-based system to an electronic benefit transfer system (eWIC); therefore, several of the barriers to successful WIC implementation should be addressed through the new electronic system that does not require as much detailed and manual employee training. Increased infant formula sales to both WIC and non-WIC customers drove increased sales in other products. Funding Sources Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

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