Immunomodulatory activities of chitin and chitosan microparticles

The aim of this study was to optimize the method used for obtaining microparticles based on chitosan � a biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic polymer, and to characterize the developed systems. Chitosan microparticles, as drug delivery systems were obtained by inotropic gelation method using pentasodiumtripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linking agent. Chitosan with low molecular weight (CSLMW) in concentration which ranged between 0.5 and 5 %, was used while the concentration of cross-linking agent ranged between 1 and 5%. The characterization of the microparticles in terms of shape, uniformity and adhesion was performed in solution and dried state. The size of the microparticles and the degree of swelling were also determined. The structure and the morphology of the developed polymeric systems were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The average diameter of the chitosan microparticles was around 522 �m. The most stable microparticles were obtained using CSLMW 1% and TPP 2% or CSLMW 0.75%and TPP 1%. The micropaticles were spherical, uniform and without flattening. Using CSLMW in concentration of 0.5 % poorly cross-linked and crushed microparticles have been obtained at all TPP concentrations. By optimization of the method, stable chitosan-based micropaticles were obtained which will be used to develop controlled release systems for drug delivery.

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Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200617165915 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (29) ◽

pp. 3508-3521 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaochen Jia ◽

Mijanur R. Rajib ◽

Heng Yin

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

The Past ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽

Recognition Pattern ◽

Functional Mechanism ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

And Storage ◽

Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

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Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosira weissflogii as a Reference Resource and Mining of Chitin-Related Genes

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19070392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Haomiao Cheng ◽

Chris Bowler ◽

Xiaohui Xing ◽

Vincent Bulone ◽

Zhanru Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Full Length ◽

Biosynthetic Pathways ◽

Glycosidic Linkage ◽

Thalassiosira Weissflogii ◽

Ecological Value ◽

Pacbio Sequencing ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

Simple Sequence

β-Chitin produced by diatoms is expected to have significant economic and ecological value due to its structure, which consists of parallel chains of chitin, its properties and the high abundance of diatoms. Nevertheless, few studies have functionally characterised chitin-related genes in diatoms owing to the lack of omics-based information. In this study, we first compared the chitin content of three representative Thalassiosira species. Cell wall glycosidic linkage analysis and chitin/chitosan staining assays showed that Thalassiosira weissflogii was an appropriate candidate chitin producer. A full-length (FL) transcriptome of T. weissflogii was obtained via PacBio sequencing. In total, the FL transcriptome comprised 23,362 annotated unigenes, 710 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 363 transcription factors (TFs), 3113 alternative splicing (AS) events and 3295 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). More specifically, 234 genes related to chitin metabolism were identified and the complete biosynthetic pathways of chitin and chitosan were explored. The information presented here will facilitate T. weissflogii molecular research and the exploitation of β-chitin-derived high-value enzymes and products.

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