Clinical applications of thermal ablation

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-177
Author(s):  
Amira S. Ashour ◽  
Yanhui Guo ◽  
Waleed S. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules: Technicalities Progress and Clinical Applications, Especially in Malignant Thyroid Nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock Adjei Agyekum ◽  
Jian-hua Fu ◽  
Fei-Ju Xu ◽  
Yong-Zhen Ren ◽  
Debora Akortia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Thermal Ablation Therapy

Thyroid nodules are commonly encountered in health care practice. They are usually benign in nature, with few cases being malignant, and their detection has increased in the adult population with the help of ultrasonography. Thyroidectomy or surgery is the first-line treatment and traditional method for thyroid nodules; however, thyroidectomy leaves permanent scars and requires long-term use of levothyroxine after surgery, which makes patients more reticent to accept this treatment. Thermal ablation is a minimally-invasive technique that have been employed in the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid nodules nodules, and have been shown to be effective and safe. Several studies, including long-term, retrospective, and prospective studies, have investigated the use of ablation to treat benign thyroid nodules and malignant thyroid nodules, including papillary thyroid carcinoma. Here, we review the recent progress in thermal ablation techniques for treating benign and malignant nodules, including their technicalities, clinical applications, pitfalls and limitations, and factors that could affect treatment outcomes. Special in-depth elaboration on the recent progress of the application of thermal ablation therapy in malignant thyroid nodules.

Ultrasound Ablation in Neurosurgery: Current Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Franzini ◽  
Shayan Moosa ◽  
Francesco Prada ◽  
W Jeffrey Elias
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Acoustic Beams ◽  
Ultrasound Ablation ◽  
Ablative Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The concept of focusing high-intensity ultrasound beams for the purpose of cerebral ablation has interested neurosurgeons for more than 70 yr. However, the need for a craniectomy or a cranial acoustic window hindered the clinical diffusion of this technique. Recent technological advances, including the development of phased-array transducers and magnetic resonance imaging technology, have rekindled the interest in ultrasound for ablative brain surgery and have led to the development of the transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thermal ablation procedure. In the last decade, this method has become increasingly popular, and its clinical applications are broadening. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of MRgFUS, transcranial thermal ablation using ultrasound is limited in that it can target exclusively the central region of the brain where the multiple acoustic beams are most optimally focused. On the contrary, lesioning of the cortex, the superficial subcortical areas, and regions close to the skull base is not possible with the limited treatment envelope of current phased-array transducers. Therefore, new ultrasound ablative techniques, which are not based on thermal mechanisms, have been developed and tested in experimental settings. This review describes the mechanisms by which these novel, nonthermal ablative techniques are based and also presents the current clinical applications of MRgFUS thermal ablation.

MR Guided Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation: Clinical Applications and Potential

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. S708-S709
Author(s):  
M. Pfeffer ◽  
Y. Inbar ◽  
T. Rabin ◽  
B. Liberman ◽  
N. Shabshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU): Technical Background and Overview of Current Clinical Applications (Part 1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (06) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Siedek ◽  
Sin Yuin Yeo ◽  
Edwin Heijman ◽  
Olga Grinstein ◽  
Grischa Bratke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control

Background Extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising method for the noninvasive thermal ablation of benign and malignant tissue. Current HIFU treatments are performed under ultrasound (US-HIFU) or magnetic resonance (MR-HIFU) image guidance offering integrated therapy planning, real-time control (spatial and temperature guidance) and evaluation. Methods This review is based on publications in peer-reviewed journals addressing thermal ablation using HIFU and includes our own clinical results as well. The technical background of HIFU is explained with an emphasis on MR-HIFU applications. A brief overview of the most commonly performed CE-approved clinical applications for MR-HIFU is given. Results Over the last decade, several HIFU-based applications have received clinical approval in various countries. In particular, MR-HIFU is now approved for the clinical treatment of uterine fibroids, palliation of bone pain, ablation of the prostate and treatment of essential tremor as a first neurological application. Conclusion MR-HIFU is a patient-friendly noninvasive method for thermal ablation which has received clinical approval for several applications. Overall, clinical data demonstrate treatment efficacy, safety and cost efficiency. Key Points:  Citation Format

Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
J.D. Shelburne ◽  
G.M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

Reduction of Potassium in Kidney Proximal Tubules to Aid in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis of Calcium

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
A. LeFurgey ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
L.J. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried

For quantitative determination of subcellular Ca distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, decreasing (and/or eliminating) the K content of the cell maximizes the ability to accurately separate the overlapping K Kß and Ca Kα peaks in the x-ray spectra. For example, rubidium has been effectively substituted for potassium in smooth muscle cells, thus giving an improvement in calcium measurements. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside widely used in experimental and clinical applications, inhibits Na-K ATPase at the cell membrane and thus alters the cytoplasmic ion (Na,K) content of target cells. In epithelial cells primarily involved in active transport, such as the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney, ouabain rapidly (t1/2= 2 mins) causes a decrease2 in intracellular K, but does not change intracellular total or free Ca for up to 30 mins. In the present study we have taken advantage of this effect of ouabain to determine the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca content in freeze-dried cryosections of kidney proximal tubule by electron probe x-ray microanalysis.

Simple teaching aid with clinical applications

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
DL Torney ◽  
HD Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Teaching Aid

Lexical Comprehension in Young Children With Developmental Delays

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Kouri
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Concepts

Lexical comprehension skills were examined in 20 young children (aged 28–45 months) with developmental delays (DD) and 20 children (aged 19–34 months) with normal development (ND). Each was assigned to either a story-like script condition or a simple ostensive labeling condition in which the names of three novel object and action items were presented over two experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions, receptive knowledge of the lexical items was assessed through a series of target and generalization probes. Results indicated that all children, irrespective of group status, acquired more lexical concepts in the ostensive labeling condition than in the story narrative condition. Overall, both groups acquired more object than action words, although subjects with ND comprehended more action words than subjects with DD. More target than generalization items were also comprehended by both groups. It is concluded that young children’s comprehension of new lexical concepts is facilitated more by a context in which simple ostensive labels accompany the presentation of specific objects and actions than one in which objects and actions are surrounded by thematic and event-related information. Various clinical applications focusing on the lexical training of young children with DD are discussed.

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