Enhancing operability during early stage of process synthesis considering flexibility and inherent safety simultaneously

2021 ◽  
pp. 2089-2094
Author(s):  
Andreja Nemet ◽  
Klavdija Zirngast ◽  
Zdravko Kravanja ◽  
Zorka Novak Pintarič
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Inherent Safety

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Non‐nucleophilic Mg Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijie Wu ◽  
Kewei Shu ◽  
Lili Sun ◽  
Haihua Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Short Review ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Ion Structure ◽  
Recent Advances

High-performance electrolyte is still a roadblock for the development of rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries. Grignard-type electrolytes were once the only choice in the early stage of rechargeable Mg batteries research. However, due to their nucleophilic nature and high reactivity, Grignard-type electrolytes have inherent safety issues and low oxidation stability, which restrict the development of rechargeable Mg batteries in terms of practical application. Recently, emerging novel Mg battery systems such as Mg-S, Mg-O2/air batteries also require non‐nucleophilic electrolytes with high oxidation stability. This short review summarizes recent advances in non‐nucleophilic Mg electrolytes and aims to provide insights into electrochemical properties and active Mg ion structure of such electrolytes.

Strategies for Inherent Safety Design during Engineering Construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2510-2514
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Li Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Safety Design

Based on the study of layers of defense against a possible accident, the central position of inherent safety design was established. The opportunity for the inherent safety during engineering construction was analyzed. It is easier to realize the inherent safety with low cost during the early stage of design. The inherent safety design of engineering construction was divided into four stages, namely feasibility study, construction technological design, construction design and basic design, then their design strategies were discussed. Meanwhile, the process for inherent safety design during engineering construction was presented. The inherent safety level can be improved by many measures, such as site investigation research, the simplification and optimization of construction process, the balance of economy and construction safety, safer construction equipment design, etc.

Early engagement

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Jeremy Dunster
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formal Dialogue ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

In mid-2010, amendments to the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009 and the associated Levies Regulations provided, for the first time, a mechanism for operators of proposed facilities to enter formal dialogue with the regulator about the safety of a proposed facility early in its design. The amended provisions provided flexibility to the timing of agreeing to a scope of validation and the means for the regulator to recover the costs of assessing a submission made at this early stage. Since mid-2010, a number of operators have chosen to submit early engagement safety cases for assessment and feedback to manage regulatory risk. Such submissions have also provided the regulator with the opportunity to challenge the operator’s consideration of inherent safety principles at a point in the design of a facility when changes could be reasonably expected to be made. While the present arrangements have been welcomed by industry and the regulator alike, they do encompass a number of challenges. In particular, the application of existing provisions not appropriately focused on concept selection and design has required the use of suboptimal administrative arrangements. The National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority (NOPSA) and the National Offshore Petroleum and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) have continued to work with the Department of Resources Energy and Tourism to ensure the regime includes more appropriately targeted provisions applicable to all proposed production facilities in the future. This extended abstract summarises the latest experiences and the view about where early engagement is headed in pursuit of a safer Australian offshore petroleum industry.

Process synthesis with simultaneous consideration of inherent safety-inherent risk footprint

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Nemet ◽  
Jiří J. Klemeš ◽  
Zdravko Kravanja
Keyword(s):  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Inherent Risk

Distribution of R- and S-Process Elements in the Galactic Halo

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
C. Sneden ◽  
C. A. Pilachowski ◽  
K. K. Gilroy ◽  
J. J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Element ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
Halo Stars ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
R Process ◽  
Process Elements

Current observational results for the abundances of the very heavy elements (Z>30) in Population II halo stars are reviewed. New high resolution, low noise spectra of many of these extremely metal-poor stars reveal general consistency in their overall abundance patterns. Below Galactic metallicities of [Fe/H] Ã −2, all of the very heavy elements were manufactured almost exclusively in r-process synthesis events. However, there is considerable star-to-star scatter in the overall level of very heavy element abundances, indicating the influence of local supernovas on element production in the very early, unmixed Galactic halo. The s-process appears to contribute substantially to stellar abundances only in stars more metal-rich than [Fe/H] Ã −2.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

Direct observation of Fe-Al-Zn ternary intermetallic compound and its transformation during the early stage of hot-dip galvanizing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compound

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.

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