Counting of cold-tolerant microorganisms

During the last several years, the increasing cost and decreasing availability of mixed southern hardwoods have resulted in financial and production difficulties for southern U.S. mills that use a significant percentage of hardwood kraft pulp. Traditionally, in the United States, hardwoods are not plantation grown because of the growth time required to produce a quality tree suitable for pulping. One potential method of mitigating the cost and supply issues associated with the use of native hardwoods is to grow eucalyptus in plantations for the sole purpose of producing hardwood pulp. However, most of the eucalyptus species used in pulping elsewhere in the world are not capable of surviving in the southern U.S. climate. This study examines the potential of seven different cold-tolerant eucalyptus species to be used as replacements for, or supplements to, mixed southern hardwoods. The laboratory pulping and bleaching aspects of these seven species are discussed, along with pertinent mill operational data. Selected mill trial data also are reviewed.

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Registration of ILC 8262, a Cold‐Tolerant Germplasm Line of Chickpea

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200020064x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 508-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. B. Singh ◽

R. S. Malhotra ◽

M. C. Saxena

Keyword(s):

Germplasm Line ◽

Cold Tolerant

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MaMAPK3-MaICE1-MaPOD P7 pathway, a positive regulator of cold tolerance in banana

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02868-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Gao ◽

Tongxin Dou ◽

Weidi He ◽

Ou Sheng ◽

Fangcheng Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Cold Resistance ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Over Expression ◽

Cavendish Banana ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Necrotic Symptoms

Abstract Background Banana is a tropical fruit with a high economic impact worldwide. Cold stress greatly affects the development and production of banana. Results In the present study, we investigated the functions of MaMAPK3 and MaICE1 involved in cold tolerance of banana. The effect of RNAi of MaMAPK3 on Dajiao (Musa spp. ‘Dajiao’; ABB Group) cold tolerance was evaluated. The leaves of the MaMAPK3 RNAi transgenic plants showed wilting and severe necrotic symptoms, while the wide-type (WT) plants remained normal after cold exposure. RNAi of MaMAPK3 significantly changed the expressions of the cold-responsive genes, and the oxidoreductase activity was significantly changed in WT plants, while no changes in transgenic plants were observed. MaICE1 interacted with MaMAPK3, and the expression level of MaICE1 was significantly decreased in MaMAPK3 RNAi transgenic plants. Over-expression of MaICE1 in Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA group) indicated that the cold resistance of transgenic plants was superior to that of the WT plants. The POD P7 gene was significantly up-regulated in MaICE1-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with WT plants, and the POD P7 was proved to interact with MaICE1. Conclusions Taken together, our work provided new and solid evidence that MaMAPK3-MaICE1-MaPOD P7 pathway positively improved the cold tolerance in monocotyledon banana, shedding light on molecular breeding for the cold-tolerant banana or other agricultural species.

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Application of vigor indexes to evaluate the cold tolerance in rice seeds germination conditioned in plant extract

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90487-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sheila Bigolin Teixeira ◽

Stefânia Nunes Pires ◽

Gabriele Espinel Ávila ◽

Bruna Evelyn Paschoal Silva ◽

Victoria Novo Schmitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

Carrot Extract

AbstractRice is a crop that presents sensitivity to cold, especially in the germination phase, which leads to high economic losses. Alternative management forms are essential to increase tolerance to low temperatures, and seed priming represents a promising tool. The objective of this study was to investigate the priming effect of the aqueous extract of carrot roots on rice seeds to increase tolerance to low temperatures during germination. Seeds from cultivars BRS Querência (cold-susceptible) and Brilhante (cold-tolerant) were soaked for 24 h in concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100% carrot extract, sown on germitest paper and conditioned in BOD for 21 days at 15 °C. As a control, the seeds soaked in water were also germinated at 25 °C. They were evaluated for germination, first germination count, and germination speed index to calculate the stress indices: tolerance index, susceptibility index, and harmonic mean. They were also evaluated for the length and dry mass of shoot and root. The results showed that the rice seeds conditioning in carrot extract effectively reduces the damage caused by cold, significantly increasing the germination speed and the percentage of final germination and the growth evaluations, more expressive at 100% concentration. The stress indexes are efficient in estimating the tolerance of the cultivars and the effect of the different conditions in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the superiority of the Brilhante cultivar.

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Micro-array Analysis of Cold Tolerant Tomato Expressing Nicotiana tabacum Osmotin

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s40011-021-01249-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Yadav Patade ◽

Atul Grover ◽

Anukriti ◽

Sanjay Mohan Gupta ◽

M. Nasim

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Array Analysis ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Micro Array

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Gene Expression Profile and Co-Expression Network of Pearl Gentian Grouper under Cold Stress by Integrating Illumina and PacBio Sequences

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1745

Author(s):

Ben-Ben Miao ◽

Su-Fang Niu ◽

Ren-Xie Wu ◽

Zhen-Bang Liang ◽

Bao-Gui Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Control Group ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Stress Signals ◽

Membrane Changes

Pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) is a fish of high commercial value in the aquaculture industry in Asia. However, this hybrid fish is not cold-tolerant, and its molecular regulation mechanism underlying cold stress remains largely elusive. This study thus investigated the liver transcriptomic responses of pearl gentian grouper by comparing the gene expression of cold stress groups (20, 15, 12, and 12 °C for 6 h) with that of control group (25 °C) using PacBio SMRT-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq technologies. In SMRT-Seq analysis, a total of 11,033 full-length transcripts were generated and used as reference sequences for further RNA-Seq analysis. In RNA-Seq analysis, 3271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), two low-temperature specific modules (tan and blue modules), and two significantly expressed gene sets (profiles 0 and 19) were screened by differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA), and short time-series expression miner (STEM), respectively. The intersection of the above analyses further revealed some key genes, such as PCK, ALDOB, FBP, G6pC, CPT1A, PPARα, SOCS3, PPP1CC, CYP2J, HMGCR, CDKN1B, and GADD45Bc. These genes were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and endocrine system pathways. All these pathways were linked to biological functions relevant to cold adaptation, such as energy metabolism, stress-induced cell membrane changes, and transduction of stress signals. Taken together, our study explores an overall and complex regulation network of the functional genes in the liver of pearl gentian grouper, which could benefit the species in preventing damage caused by cold stress.

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Evidence of two deeply divergent co-existing mitochondrial genomes in the Tuatara reveals an extremely complex genomic organization

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-01639-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J. Robert Macey ◽

Stephan Pabinger ◽

Charles G. Barbieri ◽

Ella S. Buring ◽

Vanessa L. Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Organization ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Genomic Polymorphism ◽

Sequencing Technologies ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Long Read ◽

Sphenodon Punctatus ◽

Nucleotide Divergence ◽

Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy ◽

Transmembrane Regions

AbstractAnimal mitochondrial genomic polymorphism occurs as low-level mitochondrial heteroplasmy and deeply divergent co-existing molecules. The latter is rare, known only in bivalvian mollusks. Here we show two deeply divergent co-existing mt-genomes in a vertebrate through genomic sequencing of the Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), the sole-representative of an ancient reptilian Order. The two molecules, revealed using a combination of short-read and long-read sequencing technologies, differ by 10.4% nucleotide divergence. A single long-read covers an entire mt-molecule for both strands. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a 7–8 million-year divergence between genomes. Contrary to earlier reports, all 37 genes typical of animal mitochondria, with drastic gene rearrangements, are confirmed for both mt-genomes. Also unique to vertebrates, concerted evolution drives three near-identical putative Control Region non-coding blocks. Evidence of positive selection at sites linked to metabolically important transmembrane regions of encoded proteins suggests these two mt-genomes may confer an adaptive advantage for an unusually cold-tolerant reptile.

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