scholarly journals China’s ETS pilots: program design, industry risk, and long-term investment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Qi Shao-Zhou ◽  
Yan Ya-Xue ◽  
Zhang Xiao-Ling
Keyword(s):  
Program Design ◽  
Industry Risk

scholarly journals THE TARGETED WAGE SUBSID Y: HOW PROGRAM DESIGN CREATES INCENTIVES FOR “CREAMING”

Just Labour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Lahey ◽  
Peter V Hall
Keyword(s):  
Program Design ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Employment Insurance ◽  
Sustainable Employment ◽  
The One ◽  
Developed Nations

Across most developed nations, including Canada, parallel systems ofsocial welfare and employment insurance have increasingly been replaced byprograms that emphasize work as a meansto achieve welfare goals within theso-called re-employment framework. Various authors have drawn attention tothe tension between the goal of long-term sustainable employment, and re-employment-based strategies that emphasize short-term and stand-aloneinterventions. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of one suchprogram in Canada, the Targeted Wage Subsidy. This program seeks to place themost marginal qualifying participantsin employment by offering employers afinancial inducement. By paying close attention to the experiences of thosetasked with monitoring and implementing the program in Toronto, we identifyvarious ways in which program design elements may systematicallydisadvantage the intended recipients. These program delivery mechanisms areshaped both in the practices of implementing agents, as well as by the publicaccountability framework that enforces rigid timelines and reportingrequirements, resulting in a practicecommonly referred to by employmentservice providers as “creaming.” Our observations lead us to question whetherthe target population is, in fact, the one benefiting from these return-to-worksupports.

scholarly journals Sporting programs for inactive population groups: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ooms ◽  
Mette van Kruijsbergen ◽  
Dorine Collard ◽  
Chantal Leemrijse ◽  
Cindy Veenhof
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To reach many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs. Methods Fourteen sporting programs in the Netherlands aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n=14) and telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n=17 continued the program, n=11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis. Results Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were mentioned by both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were examples of factors that were more important to NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) were more important to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist. Conclusions This study adds to the knowledge base concerning the long-term sustainability of sporting programs aimed at inactive people in the organized sport setting. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines.

Dioquis: Being without doing in the migrant agricultural labor process

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-505
Author(s):  
Kathleen Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Temporal Uncertainty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Bus Station ◽  
Industry Risk

Being on call without being on the clock is an important but underappreciated source of insecurity among low-wage workers. Drawing on fieldwork with 20 agricultural workers of the Texas-Mexico border region, this paper identifies several stages where workers are made to wait without pay and links these stages to economic precarity. These intervals occur at the local bus station, a hub for recruitment and departure, at home in both the US and Mexico, during travel to distant work sites, and in seasonal lodging. Workers use the Spanish colloquial term ‘ dioquis’, which they define as ‘being without doing’, to describe such uncertain periods of waiting which are required for them to work. Through dioquis, a liminal state, employers displace industry risk onto workers, leading to long-term instability. Expanding the implications of dioquis, the paper reveals the significance of temporal uncertainty for the marginalized across other contexts of work and waiting.

scholarly journals Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ooms ◽  
Mette van Kruijsbergen ◽  
Dorine Collard ◽  
Chantal Leemrijse ◽  
Cindy Veenhof
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands. Methods Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008–2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n = 14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n = 17 continued the program, n = 11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017–March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis. Results Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (−) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (−). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (−) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (−)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist. Conclusions Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Study Abroad on Sustainability-Related Attitudes and Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Hongping Zhang ◽  
Heather J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Study Abroad Program ◽  
The Impact

Using study abroad as a vehicle for sustainable education is a growing trend. However, an examination of the impact of study abroad on participants’ sustainability-related attitudes and behaviors years after their programs is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how a short-term sustainability themed study abroad program impacted students’ sustainability-related attitudes and behaviors. Since long-term personal development and change of attitudes are complex and multidimensional, a qualitative approach was used allowing participants to share their experiences and reflections on the process of learning and internalizing sustainability. A total of 31 study abroad participants were interviewed (20 to 33 years of age) and a grounded theory method was used throughout the study. Participants’ behavioral changes were identified, and the specific study abroad program designs that were associated with such changes were identified and discussed. The three behavioral changes identified by the participants were lifestyle, professional development, and responsible travel behaviors. The effective program design elements include emotion, cognition, and action. Furthermore, the findings suggested revisions to the Value–Belief–Norm model in that more motives should be added whereas, weight of responsibility might need to be reevaluated. This study contributes to the educational tourism and sustainability literature with practical implications for program design, and a better understanding of students’ long-term learning outcomes regarding sustainability.

scholarly journals Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ooms ◽  
Mette van Kruijsbergen ◽  
Dorine Collard ◽  
Chantal Leemrijse ◽  
Cindy Veenhof
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background: The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands. Methods: Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n=14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n=17 continued the program, n=11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis. Results: Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist. Conclusions: Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.

scholarly journals Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ooms ◽  
Mette van Kruijsbergen ◽  
Dorine Collard ◽  
Chantal Leemrijse ◽  
Cindy Veenhof
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background: The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands. Methods: Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n=14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n=17 continued the program, n=11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis. Results: Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist. Conclusions: Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.

Flowcharts vs. Program Design Languages: An Experimental Comparison

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rudy Ramsey ◽  
Michael E. Atwood ◽  
James R. Van Doren
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
Design Languages ◽  
Detailed Computer ◽  
Standard Documentation

An experiment was performed to assess the relative merits of Program Design Languages (PDLs) and flowcharts as techniques for the development and documentation of detailed designs for computer programs. The use of a PDL by a software designer, for the development and description of a detailed program design, produced better results than did the use of flowcharts. Specifically, the designs appeared to be of significantly better quality, involving more algorithmic or procedural detail, than those produced using flowcharts. In addition, flowchart designs exhibited considerably more abbreviation and other space-saving practices than did PDL designs, with a possible adverse effect on their readability. When equivalent, highly readable designs were presented to subjects in both PDL and flowchart form, no pattern of short-term or long-term differences in comprehension of the design was observed. No significant differences were detected in the quality or other properties of programs written as implementations of the designs. Subjective ratings indicated a mild preference for PDLs. Overall, the results suggest that software design performance and designer-programmer communication might be significantly improved by the adoption of informal Program Design Languages, rather than flowcharts, as a standard documentation method for detailed computer program designs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document