Biodegradation of metallic magnesium elicits an inflammatory response in primary nasal epithelial cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 996-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schumacher ◽  
I. Roth ◽  
J. Stahl ◽  
W. Bäumer ◽  
M. Kietzmann
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Metallic Magnesium

scholarly journals Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Zhu ◽  
Keng Yih Chew ◽  
Anjana C. Karawita ◽  
Ayaho Yamamoto ◽  
Larisa L. Labzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Cells

AbstractRationaleYoung children (typically those <10 years old) are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms compared to adults. However, the mechanisms that underlie these age-dependent differences remain to be determined and could inform future therapeutics for adults.ObjectiveTo contrast the infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in primary nasal epithelial cells from adults and children.MethodsViral replication was quantified by plaque assay. The cellular transcriptome of infected and uninfected cells was assessed by RNA-seq. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression were quantified by Western Blot.Measurements and Main ResultsWe report significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 replication in adult compared to pediatric nasal epithelial cells. This was restricted to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the same phenomenon was not observed with influenza virus infection. The differentiational SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics were associated with an elevated type I and III interferon response, and a more pronounced inflammatory response in pediatric cells. No significant difference between the two age groups was observed in the protein levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the innate immune response of pediatric nasal epithelial cells, and not differential receptor expression, may contribute to the reported reduced SARS-COV-2 infection and symptoms reported amongst children.At a Glance CommentaryScientific Knowledge on the SubjectThere is now a growing body of evidence that children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults and if infected, children are more likely to develop an asymptomatic infection. The reasons for this remain unclear. In particular, the role of the pediatric nasal epithelium, the primary point of viral entry into the human host, in this differential susceptibility has yet to be investigated.What This Study Adds to the FieldOur study indicates that pediatric nasal epithelial cells produce a more vigorous anti-viral and pro-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to adult cells. This is associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2, but not influenza virus, replication in pediatric epithelial cells. We also show that on a protein level SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression on nasal epithelial cells is not significantly different between children and adults. These data provide an important insight into pediatric infections with SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Effect of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on the Inflammatory Response in Rumen Epithelial Cells (REC) and the Impact of LPS on Claw Explants

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Nicole Reisinger ◽  
Dominik Wendner ◽  
Nora Schauerhuber ◽  
Elisabeth Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rumen Epithelial Cells

Endotoxins play a crucial role in ruminant health due to their deleterious effects on animal health. The study aimed to evaluate whether LPS and LTA can induce an inflammatory response in rumen epithelial cells. For this purpose, epithelial cells isolated from rumen tissue (RECs) were stimulated with LPS and LTA for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Thereafter, the expression of selected genes of the LPS and LTA pathway and inflammatory response were evaluated. Furthermore, it was assessed whether LPS affects inflammatory response and structural integrity of claw explants. Therefore, claw explants were incubated with LPS for 4 h to assess the expression of selected genes and for 24 h to evaluate tissue integrity via separation force. LPS strongly affected the expression of genes related to inflammation (NFkB, TNF-α, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, MMP9) in RECs. LTA induced a delayed and weaker inflammatory response than LPS. In claw explants, LPS affected tissue integrity, as there was a concentration-dependent decrease of separation force. Incubation time had a strong effect on inflammatory genes in claw explants. Our data suggest that endotoxins can induce a local inflammatory response in the rumen epithelium. Furthermore, translocation of LPS might negatively impact claw health.

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