scholarly journals Cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of tongue carcinoma is a heterogeneous cell population

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 151446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Vered ◽  
Anna Shnaiderman-Shapiro ◽  
Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Ran Yahalom
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Tongue Carcinoma ◽  
Heterogeneous Cell Population

scholarly journals Interactions between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and T Cells in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment and the Role of Chemokines

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Laia Gorchs ◽  
Helen Kaipe
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Combinational Treatment

Less than 10% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survive 5 years or more, making it one of the most fatal cancers. Accumulation of T cells in pancreatic tumors is associated with better prognosis, but immunotherapies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of infiltrating T cells are failing in this devastating disease. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a desmoplastic stroma, which mainly consists of activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Pancreatic CAFs have emerged as important regulators of the tumor microenvironment by contributing to immune evasion through the release of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, which alters T-cell migration, differentiation and cytotoxic activity. However, recent discoveries have also revealed that subsets of CAFs with diverse functions can either restrain or promote tumor progression. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about the interactions between CAFs and T cells in PDAC and summarize different therapy strategies targeting the CAF–T cell axis with focus on CAF-derived soluble immunosuppressive factors and chemokines. Identifying the functions of different CAF subsets and understanding their roles in T-cell trafficking within the tumor may be fundamental for the development of an effective combinational treatment for PDAC.

scholarly journals Kinetics of influenza A virus infections in a heterogeneous cell population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Heterogeneous Cell Population ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of influenza A virus infections in a heterogeneous cell population

scholarly journals Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs: The Modulator Keys of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Genesis and Progression of Malignant Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Villegas-Pineda ◽  
Mélida del Rosario Lizarazo-Taborda ◽  
Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano ◽  
Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Cellular Components

The tumor microenvironment is made up of a universe of molecular and cellular components that promote or inhibit the development of neoplasms. Among the molecular elements are cytokines, metalloproteinases, proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and nucleic acids, within which the ncRNAs: miRNAs and lncRNAs stand out due to their direct modulating effects on the genesis and progression of various cancers. Regarding cellular elements, the solid tumor microenvironment is made up of tumor cells, healthy adjacent epithelial cells, immune system cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are capable of generating a modulating communication network with the other components of the tumor microenvironment through, among other mechanisms, the secretion of exosomal vesicles loaded with miRNAs and lncRNAs. These ncRNAs are key pieces in developing neoplasms since they have diverse effects on cancer cells and healthy cells, favoring or negatively regulating protumoral cellular events, such as migration, invasion, proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and resistance to treatment. Due to the growing number of relevant evidence in recent years, this work focused on reviewing, analyzing, highlighting, and showing the current state of research on exosomal ncRNAs derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts and their effects on different neoplasms. A future perspective on using these ncRNAs as real therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer patients is also proposed.

FORMATION OF CELL COLONIES IN X-IRRADIATED REGENERATING LIVERS OF RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maini Webber ◽  
H. F. Stich
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Abnormal Chromosome ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Chemical Carcinogen ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Heterogeneous Cell Population ◽  
High Incidence

A high incidence of mitotic irregularities was observed when X-irradiated livers were induced to regenerate after a partial hepatectomy. Mitotic irregularities resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous cell population. As regeneration proceeded, the liver was found to be composed of two different cell populations: (i) one consisting of polyploid and aneuploid cells and incapable of giving rise to many descendants, and (ii) another consisting of apparently normal cells and capable of extensive proliferation which resulted in the formation of cell colonies. The regeneration of liver is mainly attributed to the cell colonies. No tumors appeared in the liver. These results demonstrate that a heterogeneous cell population of a "precancerous lesion" does not necessarily lead to the formation of a neoplasm. A selection pressure can be considered as necessary to favor the multiplication of cells with abnormal chromosome complements over that of cells with normal complements, as is seen in the livers of rats fed a chemical carcinogen. However, in the case of X-irradiated livers, normal cells seem to be favored.

scholarly journals Nano-Strategies to Target Breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Rearranging the Tumor Microenvironment to Achieve Antitumor Efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Truffi ◽  
Serena Mazzucchelli ◽  
Arianna Bonizzi ◽  
Luca Sorrentino ◽  
Raffaele Allevi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Reactive Stroma ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
And Function

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are the most abundant cells of the tumor stroma and they critically influence cancer growth through control of the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). CAF-orchestrated reactive stroma, composed of pro-tumorigenic cytokines and growth factors, matrix components, neovessels, and deregulated immune cells, is associated with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas, including breast cancer. Therefore, beyond cancer cells killing, researchers are currently focusing on TME as strategy to fight breast cancer. In recent years, nanomedicine has provided a number of smart delivery systems based on active targeting of breast CAF and immune-mediated overcome of chemoresistance. Many efforts have been made both to eradicate breast CAF and to reshape their identity and function. Nano-strategies for CAF targeting profoundly contribute to enhance chemosensitivity of breast tumors, enabling access of cytotoxic T-cells and reducing immunosuppressive signals. TME rearrangement also includes reorganization of the extracellular matrix to enhance permeability to chemotherapeutics, and nano-systems for smart coupling of chemo- and immune-therapy, by increasing immunogenicity and stimulating antitumor immunity. The present paper reviews the current state-of-the-art on nano-strategies to target breast CAF and TME. Finally, we consider and discuss future translational perspectives of proposed nano-strategies for clinical application in breast cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document