Impact of sprinkler irrigation management on the Del Reguero river (Spain). I: Water balance and irrigation performance

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica noperíodo em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativade evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenárioscom índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETopelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema deirrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação(r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando osmodelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudadosapresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis.Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenárioseco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menoreslâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimationmodels, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall inSorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years consideredmedium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balancewas made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days.To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmottagreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. Thestudied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’tsustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the waterdepths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effectiveprecipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

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ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p543-556 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

LUIZ RICARDO SOBENKO ◽

EDER DUARTE FANAYA JÚNIOR ◽

OTÁVIO NETO ALMEIDA SANTOS ◽

PATRICIA ANGÉLICA ALVES MARQUES

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Water Balance ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Growth Period ◽

Climatological Data ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

Standard Error Estimate ◽

Water Depths

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica no período em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenários com índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3 ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETo pelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação (r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando os modelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudados apresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis. Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenário seco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menores lâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation models, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall in Sorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years considered medium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balance was made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days. To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmott agreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. The studied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’t sustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the water depths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effective precipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

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Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v32i2pp.226-228 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 226-228

Author(s):

Zakir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Performance Criterion ◽

New Delhi ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Wide Range ◽

Resource Mobilisation ◽

Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

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Temporal and Local Heterogeneities of Water Table Depth under Different Agricultural Water Management Conditions

Water ◽

10.3390/w13162148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2148

Author(s):

Jonathan A. Lafond ◽

Silvio J. Gumiere ◽

Virginie Vanlandeghem ◽

Jacques Gallichand ◽

Alain N. Rousseau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Table ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Water Table Depth ◽

Management Systems ◽

Integrated Water Management ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Good Drainage

Integrated water management has become a priority for cropping systems where subirrigation is possible. Compared to conventional sprinkler irrigation, the controlling water table can lead to a substantial increase in yield and water use efficiency with less pumping energy requirements. Knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of water table depth (WTD) and soil properties should help perform intelligent, integrated water management. Observation wells were installed in cranberry fields with different water management systems: Bottom, with good drainage and controlled WTD management; Surface, with good drainage and sprinkler irrigation management; Natural, without drainage, or with imperfectly drained and conventional sprinkler irrigation. During the 2017–2020 growing seasons, WTD was monitored on an hourly basis, while precipitation was measured at each site. Multi-frequential periodogram analysis revealed a dominant periodic component of 40 days each year in WTD fluctuations for the Bottom and Surface systems; for the Natural system, periodicity was heterogeneous and ranged from 2 to 6 weeks. Temporal cross correlations with precipitation show that for almost all the sites, there is a 3 to 9 h lag before WTD rises; one exception is a subirrigation site. These results indicate that automatic water table management based on continuously updated knowledge could contribute to integrated water management systems, by using precipitation-based models to predict WTD.

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Global Satellite-Based ET Products for the Local Level Irrigation Management: An Application of Irrigation Performance Assessment in the Sugarbelt of Swaziland

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11060705 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 705 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Poolad Karimi ◽

Bhembe Bongani ◽

Megan Blatchford ◽

Charlotte de Fraiture

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Performance Assessment ◽

Management Practices ◽

Local Level ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Crop Water ◽

Management Regime ◽

Crop Water Productivity

Remote sensing techniques have been shown, in several studies, to be an extremely effective tool for assessing the performance of irrigated areas at various scales and diverse climatic regions across the world. Open access, ready-made, global ET products were utilized in this first-ever-countrywide irrigation performance assessment study. The study aimed at identifying ‘bright spots’, the highest performing sugarcane growers, and ‘hot spots’, or low performing sugarcane growers. Four remote sensing-derived irrigation performance indicators were applied to over 302 sugarcane growers; equity, adequacy, reliability and crop water productivity. The growers were segmented according to: (i) land holding size or grower scale (ii) management regime, (iii) location of the irrigation schemes and (iv) irrigation method. Five growing seasons, from June 2005 to October 2009, were investigated. The results show while the equity of water distribution is high across all management regimes and locations, adequacy and reliability of water needs improvement in several locations. Given the fact that, in general, water supply was not constrained during the study period, the observed issues with adequacy and reliability of irrigation in some of the schemes were mostly due to poor scheme and farm level water management practices. Sugarcane crop water productivity showed the highest variation among all the indicators, with Estate managed schemes having the highest CWP at 1.57 kg/m3 and the individual growers recording the lowest CWP at 1.14 kg/m3, nearly 30% less. Similarly center pivot systems showed to have the highest CWP at 1.63 kg/m3, which was 30% higher than the CWP in furrow systems. This study showcases the applicability of publicly available global remote sensing products for assessing performance of the irrigated crops at the local level in several aspects.

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Water Control and Irrigation Performance: A Case Study of Tubewell Irrigation Management in Bangladesh

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/2013.26477 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Ramchand Oad ◽

Robby Laitos

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Management ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Water Control

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Analisisis Kinerja Sprinkler Mini Meganet 24 D Netafim Terhadap Variasi Debit dan Jarak Penempatan Sprinkler

Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan ◽

10.29303/jstl.v0i0.253 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

I Dewa Gede Jaya Negara ◽

Ida Bagus Giri Putra ◽

Anid Supriadi ◽

Made Anggitha Dewi

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Irrigation Uniformity

Currently, there are many efficient and effective sprinkler irrigation tools on the market, so it is necessary to be careful in choosing for irrigation. Among them, the Meganet 24D Netafim, including the type of irrigation tool, which still needs testing to know its performance. This study aims to examine the sprinkler irrigation performance of Meganet 24D Netafim, on variations in flow rate and distance between sprinklers, related to irrigation uniformity (CU) and irrigation radius (Rn). This test was carried out on an area of about 1 acre, at a flow rate of Q1=0.42/sec, Q2=0.51 l/sec, Q3=0.52/sec, Q4=0.56 and the test sprinkler distance, r1=2 ,5m, r2=3m,r3 = 3.5m and r4 = 4m. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of tables and graphs and concluded descriptively. The results showed that, in all variations of Q and sprinkler spacing r1, r2, r3 obtained irrigation uniformity (CU) above 85% which was classified as high, while in the r4, Q1 and Q2 tests, CU was obtained below 85% which was considered low. All discharge variations, showing irrigation radius (R) about 5 m. So at r4 sprinkler spacing, it is not recommended in irrigation applications.

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Using Soil Solution Monitoring to Determine the Effects of Irrigation Management and Fertigation on Nitrogen Availability in High-density Apple Orchards

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.4.706 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 706-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. Neilsen ◽

P. Parchomchuk ◽

G.H. Neilsen ◽

E.J. Hogue

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Root Zone ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Loamy Sand ◽

N Availability ◽

Silt Loam ◽

N Concentration ◽

Loam Soil

Direct application of fertilizers in irrigation water (fertigation) is an efficient method of supplying nutrients to fruit trees. Information is needed on the relationship between irrigation and N inputs on N availability in order to target nutrient applications to meet plant demands. Soil solution was collected from permanently installed suction lysimeters and NO3-N concentration was measured over the growing season in three experiments: 1) comparison of sprinkler irrigation + broadcast fertilizer with weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation; 2) comparison of (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2 as N sources under daily fertigation; and 3) comparisons of combinations of irrigation applied at either fixed rates or to meet evaporative demand and fertilizer (Ca(NO3)2) applied daily either at fixed rates or to maintain a given concentration in the fertigation solution in two soil types—loamy sand and silt loam. Trials are located in high density apple plantings of either `Gala' or `Empire' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on M.9 rootstock. Nitrate-N concentration in the soil solution measured at 30 cm deep remained higher, over more of the growing season, for weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation than for a single broadcast fertilizer application + sprinkler irrigation. With daily Ca(NO3)2 fertigation, soil solution NO3- N concentrations increased and decreased rapidly with the onset and end of fertigation respectively, remained relatively constant during the intervening period and were directly proportional to either the amount of N or the amount of irrigation water added. Daily fertigation with (NH4)2SO4 resulted in less control of NO3-N availability in the root-zone than with Ca(NO3)2, which may be problematic for precise timing of N nutrition. Except for the fixed irrigation rate applied to the loamy sand soil, soil solution NO3-N concentrations at 30 cm beneath the emitter were similar to average concentrations in the fertigating solution, for all methods of irrigation management in both soil types. Elevated NO3-N concentrations in soil solution below the root zone (75 cm deep) were detected in the loamy sand regardless of methods of N application and irrigation although there was some evidence of less leaching to this depth, under scheduled irrigation. In the silt loam soil, considerably lower concentrations of NO3-N were found beneath the root zone than at 30 cm deep for all of irrigation procedures and frequently there was insufficient water moving to 75 cm to provide sample. Tree growth in the loamy sand was less than in the silt loam soil; was limited by low application of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993; was unaffected by NO3-N concentration in the root zone, indicating that N inputs could be minimized by adding N to maintain concentrations of 75 μg·mL-1 or possibly less. Nitrogen inputs may also be reduced if fertilizer N and irrigation water could be retained within the root zone. For coarse-textured soils this will require precise additions of water and possibly soil amendments to improve water holding capacity.

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PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENGAIRAN IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG¬-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

JURIDICA : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani ◽

10.46601/juridica.v3i1.193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 78-94

Author(s):

Zulhadi Lalu

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Small Scale ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Irrigation Development ◽

Problems And Solutions

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas

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Irrigation management through a coupled energy-water balance and crop growth model driven by remote sensing data

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13345 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Mancini ◽

Chiara Corbari ◽

Imen Ben Charfi ◽

Ahmad Al Bitar ◽

Drazen Skokovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Balance Model ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Area Index ◽

Landsat 7

The conflicting use of water is becoming more and more evident, also in regions that are traditionally rich in water. With the world&#8217;s population projected to increase to 8.5 billion by 2030, the simultaneous growth in income will imply a substantial increase in demand for both water and food. Climate change impacts will further stress the water availability enhancing also its conflictual use. The agricultural sector is the biggest and least efficient water user, accounts for around 24% of total water use in Europe, peaking at 80% in the southern regions.This paper shows the implementation of a system for real-time operative irrigation water management at high spatial and temporal able to monitor the crop water needs reducing the irrigation losses and increasing the water use efficiency, according to different agronomic practices supporting different level of water users from irrigation consortia to single farmers. The system couples together satellite (land surface temperature LST and vegetation information) and ground data, with pixel wise hydrological crop soil water energy balance model. In particular, the SAFY (Simple Algorithm for Yield) crop model has been coupled with the pixel wise energy water balance FEST-EWB model, which assimilate satellite LST for its soil parameters calibration. The essence of this coupled modelling is that the SAFY provides the leaf area index (LAI) evolution in time used by the FEST-EWB for evapotranspiration computation while FEST-EWB model provides soil moisture (SM) to SAFY model for computing crop grow for assigned water content.The FEST-EWB-SAFY has been firstly calibrated in specific fields of Chiese (maize crop) and Capitanata (tomatoes) where ground measurements of evapotranspiration, soil moisture and crop yields are available, as well as LAI from Sentinel2-Landsat 7 and 8 data. The FEST-EWB-SAFY model has then been validated also on several fields of the RICA farms database in the two Italian consortia, where the economic data are available plus the crop yield. Finally, the modelled maps of LAI have then been validated over the whole Consortium area (Chiese and Capitanata) against satellite data of LAI from Landsat 7 and 8, and Sentinel-2.Optimized irrigation volumes are assessed based on a soil moisture thresholds criterion, allowing to reduce the passages over the field capacity threshold reducing the percolation flux with a saving of irrigation volume without affecting evapotranspiration and so that the crop production. The implemented strategy has shown a significative irrigation water saving, also in this area where a traditional careful use of water is assessed.The activity is part of the European project RET-SIF (www.retsif.polimi.it).

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