Combined effects of runoff and soil erodibility on available nitrogen losses from sloping farmland affected by agricultural practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Dinghui Liu ◽  
Shanghong Cheng ◽  
Xinjun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Sloping Farmland

Controllability of Phosphorus Losses in Surface Runoff from Sloping Farmland Treated by Agricultural Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Shanghong Chen ◽  
Yuequn Dong ◽  
Dinghui Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Sloping Farmland

scholarly journals Association of Soil Parameters with Various Age Classes of Forests of Mukundpur, Satna, Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Prachi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Age Class

Aims: This forest area was susceptible to illicit felling, encroachment and illicit mining. From this problem the forests are changing from stocked - under stocked - blank forests. The majority of the area are blank and under stocked category. To re-vegetate the blank and under stocked area into stocked forests, the soil parameters in the study area were needed to be studied in detail. In the present study the associations of soil parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, availability of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and micro nutrients like (copper, manganese, iron and zinc) with various age classes of forests were analyzed. Study Design: Stratified systematic random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: Study area was the forest area of 111.55 km2 of Mukundpur range of Satna Forest division, Madhya Pradesh, India. Field work was carried out during October 2015 to January 2016. Methodology: The vegetation sampling had been done to assess the forest resource survey. Stratified systematic random sampling method was used for sampling the vegetation. The minimum numbers of sample points were calculated using statistical formula. The 151 sample points at 30”x 30” were selected on safer side with the help of GPS. Half kg of soil sample was collected from central quadrat from the depth of 30 cm from the sample point and air-dried under shade. These samples were sent to soil testing lab Rewa to assess the soil parameters pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available P2O5, available K2O and micronutrient analysis for availability of zinc, iron, manganese and copper. The Microsoft access program was developed to evaluate the above soil parameters in various age classes of forests. Age classes of forest are defined as, Mature: where average girth of forest trees is more than 120 cm, Middle age: where the average girth of trees of a particular forest stands between 61-120 cm, Young age: where average girth of trees of particular stand is below 60 cm. Results: Results of individual soil parameters on various age classes of forests were summarized below: The average value of pH in different age classes did not change significantly with average value of pH of the study area. The electrical conductivity within encroachment and blank category significantly changed but in medium and young age classes it did not differ significantly with average electrical conductivity of the study area. In encroachment and blank organic carbon content and available nitrogen were significantly higher but in medium and young age classes these parameters did not change significantly with the average value of organic carbon content and available nitrogen of the study area. The average value of available phosphorous in blank and young age classes did not change significantly but in encroachment and medium young age class it was significantly higher than the average value of available phosphorous of the whole study area. The average value of available K2O in encroachment, blank and young age class did not change significantly but it changed significantly in medium age class with average K2O value of study area. Except the encroachment category, the average zinc and iron value in blank, medium and young age classes did not change significantly with average value of the study area. The average value of Mn in encroachment and blank varied significantly but in medium and young category it did not change significantly with the average value of the study area. The average values of Cu with in Blank and young age classes did not change significantly but it had changed significantly in encroachment in medium age class with average value of the study area. The results of combined effects of pH, EC, Organic Carbon and combined impact of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O (macro nutrients) did not have significant association within various age classes of study area. The results of combined effects of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu did not have significant association within various age classes of study area. Conclusion: The effects of pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon were not significant in age classes of study area either individually or jointly. The available nitrogen did not play significant role in age class formation of forest but P2O5 and K2O did make significant impact on medium age classes individually, but the combined effects of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O (macro nutrients) did not have significant association within various age classes of study area. Individually the Zn, Fe and Mn did not play significant impact on age class formation of the forest, though Cu is significant in medium age classes. The overall impacts of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu did not have significant association within various age classes of study area.

Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall

2014 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Binbin Wu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Zongxue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

scholarly journals Effect of Integration of Seed Bio-priming and Inorganic Fertilization on Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Siva Devika
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Conventional agricultural practices rely on the immense application of agrochemicals that show detrimental effects on soil biota. Negative impacts on soil microbiota and enzymes that involve in nutrient cycles hinder nutrient availability. Application of plant growth-promoting microbes such as Trichoderma spp. can evade these hurdles by improving soil biodiversity and performance of the crop. A pot culture experiment was conducted during two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to figure out the effect of different doses of fertilizers and seed bio-priming with Trichoderma asperellum BHUT8 in sunflower (PAC-334) on soil chemical properties. Results showed that the initial soil reaction was slightly alkaline that tend towards neutral with seed bio-priming. The electrical conductivity of soil in both seasons varied randomly among imposed treatments. Soil cation exchange capacity, which permits the soil to hold all essential nutrients, was enhanced 4% with the supply of 70% recommended dose of fertilizer and seed bio-priming. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were found maximum in the treatments supplied with Trichoderma through seed bio-priming. Inoculation of Trichoderma showed positive effects on soil chemical properties and reduced the requirement of inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Regional variations in diffuse nitrogen losses from agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic regions

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vagstad ◽  
P. Stålnacke ◽  
H.-E. Andersen ◽  
J. Deelstra ◽  
V. Jansons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Baltic Countries

Abstract. This paper describes nitrogen losses from, and the characteristics of, 35 selected catchments (12 to 2000 ha) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Average annual losses of N in 1994–1997 ranged from 5 to 75 kg ha-1, generally highest and characterised by significant within-country and interannual variations, in Norway and the lowest losses were observed in the Baltic countries. An important finding of the study is that the average nutrient losses varied greatly among the studied catchments. The main explanations for this variability were water runoff, fertiliser use (especially the amount of manure), soil type and erosion (including stream bank erosion). However, there were several exceptions, and it was difficult to find general relationships between the individual factors. For example, there was poor correlation between nitrogen losses and surpluses. Therefore, the results suggest that the observed variability in N losses cannot have been due solely to differences in farm management practices, although the studied catchments do include a wide range of nutrient application levels, animal densities and other relevant elements. There is considerable spatial variation in the physical properties (soil, climate, hydrology, and topography) and the agricultural management of the basins, and the interaction between and relative effects of these factors has an important impact on erosion and nutrient losses. In particular, hydrological processes may have a marked effect on N losses measured in the catchment stream water. The results indicate that significant differences in hydrological pathways (e.g. the relationship between fast- and slow-flow processes) lead to major regional differences in N inputs to surface waters and therefore also in the response to changes in field management practices. Agricultural practices such as crop rotation systems, nutrient inputs and soil conservation measures obviously play a significant role in the site-specific effects, although they cannot explain the large regional differences observed in this study. The interactions between agricultural practices and basic catchment characteristics, including hydrological processes, determine the final losses of nitrogen to surface waters, hence it is necessary to understand these interactions to manage diffuse losses of agricultural nutrients efficiently. Keywords: agriculture, catchments, diffuse sources, nitrogen, losses, Baltic, Nordic

Peculiarities of safflower water consumption under the influence of care techniques on non-herbicide and herbicide background

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Total Water Consumption

One of the promising oilseeds in the arid conditions of southern Ukraine is safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower – belongs to the aster family, annual, drought-resistant and heat-resistant plant. Unpretentious to soil types and can even grow on saline soils. It differs in plasticity and good adaptation to external conditions, can be successfully grown on bogar and in the conditions of irrigation. The development of thorns on the leaves and leaves of the wrapper – a form of adaptation of this plant to particularly dry weather conditions. Leaf plates at the end of the juvenile period become stiff and covered with a waxy protective layer, which provides a low coefficient of water consumption. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of water consumption of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya depending on the agricultural practices for the care of crops on herbicidal and herbicide-free backgrounds. The research was conducted in 2017-2018 in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The soil of the experimental site – ordinary chernozem, medium-low humus, with a humus content in the arable layer up to 30 cm – 3.5 %, available nitrogen – 7.2-8.5, mobile phosphorus – 9.6-10.3, exchangeable potassium – 15.2-16.9 mg/100 g of soil, pH of the soil solution 6.5-7.0. Sowing of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya was carried out in the first decade of April with a sowing rate of 240,000 similar seeds per hectare. The system of basic tillage is classical. Options for the use of herbicides: 1. Control – without herbicides; 2. Application of Harness herbicide (2.0 l/ha) under pre-sowing cultivation. Options for care systems: 1. Control – without care; 2. Pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing; 3. Two inter-row cultivations; 4. Post-emergence harrowing and inter-row tillage. The main results of three – year researches on studying of features of water consumption of safflower of the Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya grades depending on introduction of herbicide and carrying out of agricultural receptions on care of crops are resulted in article. Depending on the system of basic tillage, the total moisture reserves in the soil layer 0-100 cm at the beginning of the growing season were 263.7 mm; the amount of precipitation taking into account the utilization factor was 133.5 mm. The total water consumption of the crop was on a herbicide-free background in the variety Zhyvchyk - 233.4-240.8 mm, and in the variety Dobrynya – 235.0-242.7 mm; against the background of herbicide application in the variety Zhyvchyk – 237.1-244.9 mm, and in the variety Dobrynya – 241.4-246.8 mm; carrying out agricultural practices for care led to an increase in total water consumption. The lowest water consumption coefficient – 1590 m3/t in the variety Zhyvchyk and 1501 m3/t in the variety Dobrynya was observed on a herbicidal background with post-emergence harrowing and inter-row cultivation. The highest yield of 1.54 t/ha in the variety Zhyvchyk and 1.64 t/ha in the variety Dobrynya was obtained on a herbicide background using post-emergence harrowing and inter-row tillage.

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