Gall disease in the alginophyte Lessonia berteroana: A pathogenic interaction linked with host adulthood in a seasonal-dependant manner

Lessonia berteroana (ex L. nigrescens) is kelp freely harvested from Open Access Areas (OAA), and to some extent controlled, from Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR). Harvesting pressures can change population dynamics, mainly in OAAs. In particular, harvesting may alter the chemical components of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the harvesting effects on the chemical composition of L. berteroana from MEABR and OAA sampled during different seasons (spring and fall) and at two sites (Talquilla and Lagunillas) near Coquimbo (30°S), Chile. The crude protein (13.5 ± 1.0%), total lipids (0.9 ± 0.2%), crude fiber (16.3 ± 1.6%), ash (30.1 ± 1.5%), and nitrogen-free extract (39.2 ± 2.0%) contents of L. berteroana were within reference values for Laminariales species. Population descriptors and chemical analyses showed that harvesting had local effects, rather than being affected by a resource management strategy (OAA vs MEABR). The seasonal anticipator nature of L. berteroana may explain the detected seasonality of it's chemical composition. Regarding functional morphological structures, chemical composition in the fronds was more variable than in the stipes and perennial holdfast, probably since leaves are ephemeral structures susceptible to environmental changes and that play a functional, rather than structural, role in kelp. In the context of Chilean kelp resource management, monitoring chemical composition is useful for determining optimal harvesting periods to local scale and for deciding when commercially valuable compounds, such as alginate, should be extracted. These data also complement harvesting pressure indicators based on L. berteroana demographic parameters.

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Implementing a model for data-poor fisheries based on steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship, natural mortality and local perception of population depletion. The case of the kelp Lessonia berteroana on coasts of north-central Chile

Fisheries Research ◽

10.1016/j.fishres.2017.10.017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 198 ◽

pp. 31-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cristian M. Canales ◽

Claudia Hurtado ◽

Carlos Techeira

Keyword(s):

Natural Mortality ◽

North Central ◽

Central Chile ◽

Local Perception ◽

Stock Recruitment ◽

Lessonia Berteroana

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Genetic and Physiological Aspects of the Pathogenic Interaction of Clavibacter Michiganense subsp. Michiganense with the Host Plant

Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions Vol. 1 - Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ◽

10.1007/978-94-015-7934-6_16 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Eichenlaub ◽

A. Bermpohl ◽

D. Meletzus

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Pathogenic Interaction

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Role of NtrC-regulated exopolysaccharides in the biofilm formation and pathogenic interaction ofVibrio vulnificus

Molecular Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06875.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 436-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Han-Suk Kim ◽

Soon-Jung Park ◽

Kyu-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Interaction

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Pathogenic interaction between Escovopsis weberi and Leucoagaricus sp.: mechanisms involved and virulence levels

Fungal Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.funeco.2015.04.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 52-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jorge Ariel Marfetán ◽

Andrea I. Romero ◽

Patricia J. Folgarait

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Interaction

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Virulence of Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus to Caenorhabditis elegans: Characterization of a Novel Host-Pathogen Interaction

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00381-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (13) ◽

pp. 4185-4198 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rachel E. Muir ◽

Man-Wah Tan

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Food Source ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

C Elegans ◽

Novel Host ◽

Fat Stores ◽

Pathogenic Interaction ◽

Host Life

ABSTRACT We describe the pathogenic interaction between a newly described gram-positive bacterium, Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus strain TAN 31504, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. TAN 31504 pathogenesis on C. elegans is exerted primarily through infection of the adult nematode uterus. TAN 31504 enters the uterus through the external vulval opening, and the ensuing uterine infection is strongly correlated with a significant reduction in host life span. Young worms can feed and develop on TAN 31504, but not preferably over the standard food source. C. elegans worms reared on TAN 31504 as the sole food source develop into thin adults with little intestinal fat stores, produce few progeny, and subsequently cannot persist on the pathogenic food source. Within 12 h of exposure, adult worms challenged with TAN 31504 alter the expression of a number of C. elegans innate immunity-related genes, including nlp-29, which encodes a neuropeptide-like protein. C. elegans worms exposed briefly to TAN 31504 develop lethal uterine infections analogous to worms exposed continuously to pathogen, suggesting that mere contact with the pathogen is sufficient for the host to become infected. TAN 31504 produces a robust biofilm, and this behavior is speculated to play a role in the virulence exerted on the nematode host. The interaction between TAN 31504 and C. elegans provides a convenient opportunity to study bacterial virulence on nematode tissues other than the intestine and may allow for the discovery of host innate immunity elicited specifically in response to vulva-uterus infection.

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Detection and localization of the endophyte Undifilum oxytropis in locoweed tissues

Botany ◽

10.1139/b2012-092 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (12) ◽

pp. 1229-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Roxanna Reyna ◽

Peter Cooke ◽

Daniel Grum ◽

Daniel Cook ◽

Rebecca Creamer

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Host Cells ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Oxytropis Sericea ◽

Pathogenic Interaction ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Detection And Localization

Poisoning of livestock owing to grazing on locoweeds results in significant economic losses in the western United States. Some Oxytropis spp. locoweeds contain a seed-transmitted endophytic fungus, Undifilum oxytropis, which produces the toxic alkaloid swainsonine. We sought to localize and characterize growth patterns of the fungus within leaves and petioles of Oxytropis lambertii Pursh and Oxytropis sericea Nutt. to help define the types of interactions between the fungus and its hosts. Vegetative hyphae were observed within locoweed tissues using integrated imaging. Topographical images from scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of the endophyte in the pith tissue of petioles. The fungus was identified between plant cells but did not appear to penetrate host cells. Transmission electron microscopy images of thin sections revealed that hyphae were closely associated with host cell walls. Oxytropis sericea was innoculated with green fluorescent protein-transformed U. oxytropis and observed by confocal microscopy, confirming the presence of the endophyte hyphae in leaves and petioles. The fungus was identified only in the pith of petioles using fluorescence and in the vascular bundle throughout extracellular spaces in leaves. These results revealed no signs of a pathogenic interaction between plant and fungus and support the hypothesis of a mutualistic or commensal relationship.

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The gene stlA encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that is involved in the production of a stilbene antibiotic in Photorhabdus luminescens TT01

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.28136-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 151 (8) ◽

pp. 2543-2550 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Jane S. Williams ◽

Marie Thomas ◽

David J. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Complex Life Cycle ◽

Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Pal Activity ◽

Feeding Experiments ◽

The Family ◽

Mutualistic Relationship ◽

Pathogenic Interaction ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Photorhabdus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. Members of Photorhabdus have a complex life cycle during which the bacterium has a pathogenic interaction with insect larvae whilst also maintaining a mutualistic relationship with nematodes from the family Heterorhabditidae. During growth in the insect, Photorhabdus bacteria produce a broad-spectrum antibiotic identified as 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST). The biochemical pathway responsible for the production of this antibiotic has not been characterized. In this report, a mutant strain of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TT01, BMM901, has been isolated, by transposon mutagenesis, that is unable to produce the ST antibiotic. Using in silico studies, feeding experiments and biochemical analyses, it is shown that the gene mutated in this strain, stlA, encodes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). PAL catalyses the non-oxidative deamination of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid and the enzyme is ubiquitous in plants, where it is involved in the production of phenylpropanoids such as lignin and phytoalexins. However, this is the first report of PAL activity in a member of the Proteobacteria.

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