Production of cellulases and xylanases by white-rot fungi cultured in corn stover media for ruminant feed applications

Abstract Agricultural by-products such as corn stover (CS) are abundantly available in many countries; however, its high content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin (L) and low protein content, causes low digestibility and nutrient availability for ruminants. The production of edible fungi could improve the digestibility of the CS because fungi can break down the cross-links between cell wall components. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the invaded CS-based substrate used in the production of 21 white rot fungi of the species: Auricularia sp (Auri), Ganoderma sp (Gano), Hericium sp (Heri), Lentinula edodes (LC, L5, L9, L15, L21), Pleurotus eryngii (Pe-PQ, Pe-MB), Pleurotus djamour (Pd-Pro, Pd-UTMR) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Po-IAP, Po-Psma, Po-P14, Po-POS, Po-IE202, Po-JP, Po-P35, Po-P38, Po-Sfco) on crude protein (CP), NDF and L content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The variables were analyzed in a completely randomized design with the MIXED procedure of SAS and the comparison of the means was made with the Tukey analysis. For CP, a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed from 10% (Pe-MB) to 41% (LC) in comparison with the substrate without inoculation (C). There was a decrease (P < 0.05) of NDF from 2% (LC) to 10% (Pd-PRO) against C. Fungal treated CS had no effect on L (P < 0.05) as compared to C. Treatments increased (P < 0.05) IVDMD from 3% (L15) up to 36% (Po-POS) for all fungal strains, except for Pe-PQ and Po-Sfco in comparison with C. There was a positive correlation (r2=0.21, P < 0.05) between CP and IVDMD. An equation was obtained to predict IVDMD [IVDMD=0.40578 + 358.38(%ADF)–358.02(%NDF)+358.17(%HEM)–0.3211(%DM), R2=0.32 (P < 0.05)]. In conclusion the mycelial invasion of white rot fungi on a CS-based substrate, increased CP content, decreased NDF and improved IVDMD, making it a viable option to increase the digestibility of CS.

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PSXII-25 Characterization and evaluation of the in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn stover spent used to produce edible fungi

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 415-415

Author(s):

Edgar García-Orozco ◽

Gabriela Leyva-Olvera ◽

Hermilo Leal-Lara ◽

Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽

Luis Corona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Animal Feed ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

White Rot ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

Abstract Corn stover (CS) is an agricultural byproduct available in many countries for animal feed. However, due to its high lignin (L) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content it has a low digestibility. The production of edible fungi, using CS-based substrate, is an option to improve CS digestibility, as fungi can break down the cross-links between cell wall components. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fungal treated CS from 17 species of white rot fungi: Lentinula edodes (L5, L9, LC,L15), Hericium sp (Heri) and Pleurotus djamour (Pd-Pro, Pd-UTMR) Pleurotus eryngii (Pe-PQ, Pe-MB), Pleurotus ostreatus (Po-IE202, Po-IAP, Po-Psma, Po-P14, Po-POS, Po-JP, Po-P38, Po-Sfco) on crude protein (CP), L and NDF content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The composition of the substrate (C) was CS (80.55%), ground sorghum (5.98%) wheat bran (3.89%), corn gluten (4.89%), CaCO3 (3.89%) and CaSO4 (0.89%). The variables were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Means were compared with the Tukey procedure. A significant increase (P < 0.05) of CP from 10% (Po-P38) to 69% (LC) was observed, except for Pd-UTMR, Po-IAP, Po-Psma, Po-P38 and Po-Sfco that showed similar content to the C. There was a decrease (P < 0.05) in the NDF from 10% (Heri) to 34% (L15) in relation to the C. The L content did not decrease in comparison with the C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 13 treatments significantly increased (P < 0.05) IVDMD from 24% (Po-P14) to 42% (Pd-UTMR), except for Po-P38, Po-JP, LC and Heri in comparison with the C. In conclusion, the cultivation of white rot fungi, such as Pd-UTMR, Po-IAP, Po-Psma, LC, L9 and L15 using CS as substrate, improved CP content and increased IVDMD of CS, suggesting that which can be a good alternative for feeding ruminants.

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Biological pretreatment of lignocelluloses with white-rot fungi and its applications: A review

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.4.isroi ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 5224-5259

Author(s):

Isroi ◽

Ria Millati ◽

Siti Syamsiah ◽

Claes Niklasson ◽

Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Manganese Peroxidase ◽

Animal Feed ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

White Rot ◽

Chemical Pretreatment ◽

Biological Pretreatment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ruminant Feed

Lignocellulosic carbohydrates, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, have abundant potential as feedstock for production of biofuels and chemicals. However, these carbohydrates are generally infiltrated by lignin. Breakdown of the lignin barrier will alter lignocelluloses structures and make the carbohydrates accessible for more efficient bioconversion. White-rot fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) and efficiently mineralise lignin into CO2 and H2O. Biological pretreatment of lignocelluloses using white-rot fungi has been used for decades for ruminant feed, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biopulping. Application of white-rot fungi capabilities can offer environmentally friendly processes for utilising lignocelluloses over physical or chemical pretreatment. This paper reviews white-rot fungi, ligninolytic enzymes, the effect of biological pretreatment on biomass characteristics, and factors affecting biological pretreatment. Application of biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis, biofuels (bioethanol, biogas and pyrolysis), biopulping, biobleaching, animal feed, and enzymes production are also discussed.

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Bioconversion of Rice Straw as a Ruminant Feed Using Three Strains of White Rot Fungi

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2017/36159 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

A Wuanor ◽

J Ayoade

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

White Rot ◽

Ruminant Feed

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Pleurotus Ostreatus and Volvariella Volvacea Can Enhance the Quality of Purple Field Corn Stover and Modulate Ruminal Fermentation and Feed Utilization in Tropical Beef Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1084

Author(s):

Benjamad Khonkhaeng ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Crude Protein ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

White Rot ◽

Field Corn

This objective is to elucidate the effect of purple field corn stover treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvarialla volvacea on feed utilization, ruminal ecology, and CH4 synthesis in tropical beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle (100 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW) were assigned randomly as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A (roughage sources) was rice straw and purple field corn stover and factor B was species of white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus and V. volvacea). After fermentation, crude protein (CP) was increased in rice straw and purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. The unfermented purple field corn stover contained 11.8% dry matter (DM) of monomeric anthocyanin (MAC), whereas the MAC concentration decreased when purple field corn stover was fermented with white rot fungi. There were no changes (p > 0.05) in DM intake of body weight (BW) kg/d and g/kg BW0.75 among the four treatments. The organic matter (OM), CP, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake were different between rice straw and purple field corn stover and were the greatest in the purple field corn stover group. Moreover, the current study showed that neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF digestion was higher in purple field corn stover than in rice straw, but there were no significant differences between P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. There were significant effects of roughage sources on ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) at 4 h after feeding. Bacterial population was changed by feeding with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. On the other hand, the number of protozoa was reduced by approximately 33% at 4 h after feeding with purple field corn stover (p < 0.01). Propionic acid concentration was different between roughage sources (p < 0.01) enhanced with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. In addition, methane production decreased by 15% with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea compared to rice straw. There were significant differences on all nitrogen balances parameters (p < 0.05), except the fecal N excretion (p > 0.05) were not changed. Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial N synthesis were enhanced when purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea was fed compared to rice straw group. Base on this study, it could be summarized that P. ostreatus or V. volvacea can enhance the quality of purple field corn stover and modulate rumen fermentation and feed digestion in Thai native beef cattle.

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