Effects of repeated oral inoculation of artificially fed lambs with lyophilized rumen fluid on growth performance, rumen fermentation, microbial population and organ development

2020 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 114465
Author(s):  
Shaobo Yu ◽  
Weibing Shi ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Ge Gao ◽  
Hongwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Oral Inoculation

scholarly journals Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves rumen fermentation, antioxidant capability, and immune function in dairy calves before weaning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
A La Teng Zhu La ◽  
Alexander Evans ◽  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Zhongtang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Background Short-chain fatty acids including butyrate have received increasing research interest as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of calves before weaning. Healthy Holstein female calves (4-day-old; 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group). The control group was fed no SB (SB0), while the other groups were supplemented with 2% (SB2), 4% (SB4), or 6% (SB6) of SB/kg of dry matter. All calves were housed in individual hutches. Results The SB supplementation enhanced growth rate and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group. At 60 days of age, the rumen fluid pH increases quadratically with increased SB supplementation, and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration of rumen fluid in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the SB0 group. There was a quadratic effect that indicated that the SB4 treatment was most effective in reducing the NH3-N concentration. The concentration of volatile fatty acids and Acetic: Propionic in rumen fluid were not affected by SB in any groups. At 28 days of age, the serum level of maleic dialdehyde of the SB groups was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of group SB4 was significantly increased compared with the that of the control group. At 28 days of age, SB had a quadratic effect on serum immunoglobulin A concentration, with the greatest increase being observed in group SB4. At 60 days of age, the serum immunoglobulin G concentration increased linearly as SB levels increased. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, there were positive effects of SB supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant ability, and immune function in calves before weaning. We recommended 4% as the optimal SB supplementation level to improve growth, antioxidant and immune function of calves before weaning.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementation of Branches and Leaves Trimmed from Tea Plant on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Meat Composition of Nanjiang Yellow Goats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Ali Mujtaba Shah ◽  
Yimin Cai ◽  
Huawei Zou ◽  
Xiangfei Zhang ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Meat Composition

Thirty-two 6-month-old, healthy Nanjiang Yellow goats (34.6 ± 4.16 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments to evaluate the supplementary effects of branches and leaves trimmed from tea tree (BLTT) on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, and meat composition in fattening goats. The control goats were fed a basal diet. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were fed 2%, 4% and 6% of BLTT respectively. After a 60 d feeding trial, blood samples were collected for the analysis of the antioxidant profile and goats were slaughtered to obtain the rumen fluid and carcass samples for determination of rumen fermentation characteristics and meat composition perameters. Increased final body weight was observed in goats fed 4% BLTT compared with control. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the 4% BLTT-treated group, while glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde followed the quadratic curve. Quadratic curves were also observed for villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The quadratic effect was obtained for total essential amino acids, and individual amino acids threonine and leucine. The saturated fatty acid C16:0 was decreased with 4% of BLTT supplementation, and a quadratic effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:3 (n−3). To sum up, our findings revealed that BLTT supplementation has a positive effect on body antioxidative status, gastrointestinal development, rumen fermentation characteristics and overall growth performance and meat quality in goats.

Some effects of potassium chlorate administration onin vitroandin vivorumen fermentation

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
F. J. Harte ◽  
B. N. Perry ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Potassium Chlorate ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Cellulose Digestion

SummaryHay was fed to anin vitrocontinuous culture of the rumen microbial population and to sheep kept in metabolism cages, and the effects of potassium chlorate addition on the rumen fermentation were studied. The compound was given for 8 daysin vitroand for either 3 or 8 daysin vivo.Potassium chlorate additionin vitro(13·7 mg/g hay D.M.) depressed the production of CH4and acetate, had little effect on propionate production and caused a small increase in the production ofn-butyrate andn-valerate. The treatment also depressed cellulose digestion and the concentration of DNA in fermentor liquor, but increased the CO2:CH4ratio in fermentor gas.When givenin vivofor 8 days at 6·7 mg/g hay D.M., potassium chlorate progressively depressed total VFA concentration in rumen fluid, had no effect on VFA molar proportions but caused a small increase in the CO2:CH4ratio in rumen gas. When administeredin vivofor 3 days at 14·4–15·3 mg/g hay D.M. the treatment increased the molar proportions of propionate and depressed those of acetate in rumen fluid without affecting total VFA concentration. There were considerable differences between animals in propionate response, and the maximum responses were generally obtained 2–5 days after dosing had ceased. Potassium chlorate addition also caused a temporary reduction in appetite with some sheep.It was concluded that potassium chlorate was toxic to the rumen microbial population when given for 8 days, but that large doses given over 3 days could be used to increase the ratio of propionic acid relative to acetic and butyric acids produced from the rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Effect of essential oil blends and a non-ionic surfactant on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status and growth performance of lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila C G Passetti ◽  
Rodrigo A C Passetti ◽  
Tim A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils (OEO; XEO) and an emulsifier on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status and the growth performance of lambs. A finishing study was conducted using 35 females and 35 males Suffolk × Canadian Arcott crossbreed lambs, fed a 16:84 forage:concentrate pelleted barley-based with either Control; Bovatec (0.018% Bovatec); Emulsifier (0.25% of Emulsifier); OEO (0.11% of blend 1); XEO (0.0125% of blend 2); OEO+ Emulsifier; or XEO + Emulsifier. The rumen fluid of all lambs was sampled via stomach tubing to measure ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and NH3 concentrations and enumerate protozoa. Ruminal pH, molar proportions of individual VFA (except for acetate) and ammonia concentration were similar among treatments. The acetate and total VFA concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) for lambs receiving OEO, while protozoa numbers were increased (P = 0.01). No changes were observed in blood glutathione peroxidise or total superoxide dismutase, but there was a tendency for a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in lambs fed diets containing OEO or XEO. No differences among diets were observed in coccidia oocyst counts (OPG) in faeces, however, prevalence of coccidia in lambs was reduced (Cramer’s V = 0.081) with OEO. Lambs fed OEO had the highest (P < 0.01)` DMI (1.48 kg.d -1), whereas those fed XEO had the lowest (1.30 kg.d -1). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (DMI/ADG) and carcass measurements (hot carcass weight, carcass dressing percentages) were not affected by EO or EM. Results from this study suggest that EO may alter rumen fermentation and protozoa counts and increase DMI. However, these responses did not appear to be enhanced by Emulsifier as its inclusion with essential oils did not enhance fermentation or growth responses.

scholarly journals Effect of the Length of Oat Hay on Growth Performance, Health Status, Behavior Parameters and Rumen Fermentation of Holstein Female Calves

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of oat hay on the performance, health, behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. For this purpose, two hundred and ten healthy two-day-old Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), or a basic diet with oat hay at either long (OL: 10–12 cm) or short (OS: 3–5 cm) length cut. The basic diet was fed from day 4, while the hay was offered from day 14. All calves were weaned at day 56 and remained in their individual hutches till the end of the trial (day 70). Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. Bodyweight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected biweekly before weaning and weekly after weaning. Overall, providing oat hay (OS and OL) in the diet increased the body weight, starter intake, and average daily gain compared to the CON group. Similarly, feeding oat hay improved rumen fermentation. More specifically, hay enhanced the rumen pH and changed the rumen fermentation type. Hay fed calves spent more time on rumination but less time performing abnormal behaviors compared to control. As it can be concluded, feeding oat hay to calves enhances the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and normal calf behaviors, implying improved animal welfare irrespective of the hay length.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus megatherium 1259 on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Holstein Bull Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2379
Author(s):  
Bobo Deng ◽  
Yinyin Chen ◽  
Xiaoxiao Gong ◽  
Yi Dai ◽  
Kang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves

Bacillus megaterium is an ideal microecologics in the feed industry. BM1259 was already isolated from chicken manure and the whole-genome sequencing was also analyzed in our previous study. However, few studies concentrated on dietary supplementation with BM1259 in young ruminants and especially its effect on Holstein bull calves have not been reported. Hence, this experiment was conducted with the aim to evaluate the effects of BM1259 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters in Holstein bull calves. Twenty-four healthy Holstein bull calves with the initial age of 90 days old and a similar body weight (115 ± 6.5 kg) were selected and randomly allocated into two groups with one Holstein bull calf in each pen (2.5 m × 2.2 m). Holstein bull calves in the control group (COG) were fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR), while experimental treatments (BMG) were fed with the TMR diet supplemented with 12 g/head/day of BM1259 powder (1 × 1010 cfu/g) separately. Results showed that (1) the average daily gain and dry matter intake of the BMG were significantly higher than those of the COG (p < 0.01), increased by 12.5% and 8.79%, respectively, during the 4–8 weeks after the addition of 12 g/head/day of BM1259; from 0 to 8 weeks, ADG (p < 0.05) and DMI (p < 0.05) in the BMG were significantly higher than those in the COG, increased by 14.9% and 6.04%, respectively. (2) At the end of the fourth week, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in the BMG was significantly higher than that in the COG (p < 0.05), increased by 5.97% and 6.70%, respectively; at the end of the eighth week, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber was significantly higher than that of the COG (p < 0.01), increased by 5.88% and 10.26%, respectively. (3) At the end of the eighth week, the rumen fluid pH (p < 0.05), MCP (p < 0.05), and acetate (p < 0.05) in the BMG were significantly higher than those in the COG, increased by 9.03%, 19.68%, and 12.74%, respectively; at the end of the fourth and eighth week, NH3-N concentration in the BMG was significantly lower than that in the COG, with a decrease of 21.81% and 16.40%, respectively. (4) At the end of the fourth (p < 0.05) and eighth week (p < 0.05), the glutamate content of the rumen fluid of the Holstein bull calves in the BMG was significantly higher than that in the COG, increased by 13.21% and 14.32%, respectively; at the end of the fourth week, the contents of glutamate in the serum (p < 0.05), urine (p < 0.05), and feces (p < 0.05) of the Holstein bull calves in the BMG were significantly lower than those in the COG, decreased by 25.76%, 33.87%, and 9.23%, respectively; at the end of the eighth week, the contents of glutamate in the serum, urine, and feces of the Holstein bull calves in the BMG were significantly lower than those in the COG (p < 0.01), decreased by 26.69%, 27.94%, and 11.11%, respectively. (5) After adding 12 g/head/day of BM1259, the urine ammonia–nitrogen content of the BMG was extremely significantly lower than that of the COG at the end of the fourth and eighth week (p < 0.01), decreased by 54.60% and 40.31%, respectively. (6) After adding 12 g/head/day of BM1259, there was no significant effect on the level of blood biochemical parameters of the Holstein bull calves. This study demonstrates that BM1259 can be applied as a potential microecologics to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in Holstein bull calves.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

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