scholarly journals Effect of essential oil blends and a non-ionic surfactant on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status and growth performance of lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila C G Passetti ◽  
Rodrigo A C Passetti ◽  
Tim A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils (OEO; XEO) and an emulsifier on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status and the growth performance of lambs. A finishing study was conducted using 35 females and 35 males Suffolk × Canadian Arcott crossbreed lambs, fed a 16:84 forage:concentrate pelleted barley-based with either Control; Bovatec (0.018% Bovatec); Emulsifier (0.25% of Emulsifier); OEO (0.11% of blend 1); XEO (0.0125% of blend 2); OEO+ Emulsifier; or XEO + Emulsifier. The rumen fluid of all lambs was sampled via stomach tubing to measure ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and NH3 concentrations and enumerate protozoa. Ruminal pH, molar proportions of individual VFA (except for acetate) and ammonia concentration were similar among treatments. The acetate and total VFA concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) for lambs receiving OEO, while protozoa numbers were increased (P = 0.01). No changes were observed in blood glutathione peroxidise or total superoxide dismutase, but there was a tendency for a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in lambs fed diets containing OEO or XEO. No differences among diets were observed in coccidia oocyst counts (OPG) in faeces, however, prevalence of coccidia in lambs was reduced (Cramer’s V = 0.081) with OEO. Lambs fed OEO had the highest (P < 0.01)` DMI (1.48 kg.d -1), whereas those fed XEO had the lowest (1.30 kg.d -1). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (DMI/ADG) and carcass measurements (hot carcass weight, carcass dressing percentages) were not affected by EO or EM. Results from this study suggest that EO may alter rumen fermentation and protozoa counts and increase DMI. However, these responses did not appear to be enhanced by Emulsifier as its inclusion with essential oils did not enhance fermentation or growth responses.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation with different concentration of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices of Nubian goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman A. Osman ◽  
Nawal M. Elkhair ◽  
Khalid A. Abdoun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Few Data ◽  
G Ratio

Abstract Background Molasses is a potential energy supplement; extensively used to improve growth performance, milk and meat characteristics in goats at relatively low concentrations of 5–40% of the diet. Few data are available concerning feeding molasses to goat kids; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with higher concentrations of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices. Twenty male Nubian goat kids (4–6 months old; 9–10 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 4 groups receiving different concentration of molasses: 0% (M-0), 30% (M-30), 40% (M-40) and 45% (M-45) for 5 weeks. Feed (DFI) and water intake (DWI) were measured daily, while the blood and rumen liquor samples were collected weekly. Results The DFI increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in all molasses-supplemented groups (P ≤ 0.05), whereas DWI increased in M-30 and decreased in M-45 (P ≤ 0.05). The final BW and average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.0001) in groups M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45. Blood pH was significantly influenced by dietary molasses concentration (MC) and the duration of molasses supplementation (MD), where it decreased in groups M-30 and M-45 compared to the control and M-40 (P < 0.05). The MC had no significant effect on blood Hb, HCT, TLC, albumin, [K+], AST, ALT and total protozoa count (TPC), as well as ruminal-[Na+], [K+], strong ion difference concentration ([SID3]) and [NH3]; however, only [NH3] was significantly affected by MD and the interaction between MC and MD (MC × MD). Serum TP, globulins, [Na+] and [Cl−] increased (P ≤ 0.05) in all supplemented groups, while A/G ratio and [SID3] decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal pH decreased (P < 0.0001) in M-40 and M-45 compared to the control and M-30. However, [VFAs] increased (P < 0.04) in M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45, while osmolality increased (P ≤ 0.05) in M-30 compared to the other groups. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with molasses at a concentration of 30% for 3 weeks improved growth performance, protein metabolism and rumen fermentation without compromising animal health, immunity, and electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis.

scholarly journals PSXII-28 Effect of corn type and tylosin inclusion on performance and liver function in feedlot heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
David M Crawford ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract The objective was to compare the effect of corn type and tylosin inclusion on heifer growth performance, liver function, and carcass characteristics. Angus and Simmental × Angus heifers (n = 120; 188 ± 2.6 kg) were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and alloted to 8 pens. Pens were randomly assigned on d 0 to either be fed tylosin (T+) or no tylosin (T-). Heifers were adapted to the finishing diets utilizing a common adaptation proccess over 35 d. On d 36, pens were then assigned to a high moisture corn-based diet (HMC) or a dry-rolled corn-based diet (DRC) to achieve a 2 × 2 factorial design. Body weight was recorded and blood was collected on d 0, 35, and approximately every 28 d following. Rumen fluid and fecal grab samples were collected on a subset (n = 48) every 56 d. Treatment did not affect BW (P ≥ 0.14) or overall average daily gain (P ≥ 0.65) throughout the trial. No differences (P ≥ 0.21) were observed in overall dry matter intake. There was a diet × tylosin inclusion effect (P = 0.02) for estimated starch digestibility to be greatest for HMC/T+ heifers. On d 252, HMC heifers had greater (P = 0.03) ruminal pH before feeding compared to DRC. Heifers fed DRC/T- had the greatest (P = 0.01) blood urea nitrogen concentrations of all treatments. Aspertate aminotransferase was greater in T+ heifers compared with T- (P &lt; 0.01). Heifers fed HMC had a larger (P = 0.04) longissimus muscle area than heifers fed DRC. Heifers fed HMC T+ had the most (P = 0.04) desireable yield grade. Although corn type and tylosin inclusion did not affect growth performance, corn type may affect starch digestibility, ruminal pH and blood markers of liver function.

scholarly journals Effect of the Length of Oat Hay on Growth Performance, Health Status, Behavior Parameters and Rumen Fermentation of Holstein Female Calves

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of oat hay on the performance, health, behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. For this purpose, two hundred and ten healthy two-day-old Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), or a basic diet with oat hay at either long (OL: 10–12 cm) or short (OS: 3–5 cm) length cut. The basic diet was fed from day 4, while the hay was offered from day 14. All calves were weaned at day 56 and remained in their individual hutches till the end of the trial (day 70). Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. Bodyweight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected biweekly before weaning and weekly after weaning. Overall, providing oat hay (OS and OL) in the diet increased the body weight, starter intake, and average daily gain compared to the CON group. Similarly, feeding oat hay improved rumen fermentation. More specifically, hay enhanced the rumen pH and changed the rumen fermentation type. Hay fed calves spent more time on rumination but less time performing abnormal behaviors compared to control. As it can be concluded, feeding oat hay to calves enhances the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and normal calf behaviors, implying improved animal welfare irrespective of the hay length.

scholarly journals Effects of Heated Drinking Water on the Growth Performance and Rumen Functionality of Fattening Charolaise Beef Cattle in Winter

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2218
Author(s):  
Silvia Grossi ◽  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Stefano Biffani ◽  
Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Heated Water ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The effects of heated drinking water on growth performance and rumen functionality in fattening beef cattle during winter were evaluated. Newly received Charolaise bulls (n = 224) were allocated to two experimental groups: (i) water at room temperature (RTW) (weight 408 ± 34 kg); (ii) constantly heated water (25 °C) (HW) (weight 405 ± 38 kg). Growth performances, feed intake, feed conversion rate, water intake and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Internal reticuloruminal wireless boluses were used to collect rumen pH and temperature values every 10 min. Bodyweight was not affected by the water temperature, but the overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in the HW group (1.486 vs. 1.438 kg/head/day in the RTW; p = 0.047). Dry matter intake was significantly higher in the HW group (p = 0.001), even though the final feed conversion rate (FCR) was not influenced. There was also a tendency for better cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass yield (CY) in the HW group. Drinking heated water reduced the time (min/day) during which the ruminal pH was below pH 5.8 or 5.5, and the time during which the temperature was lower than 37 or 39 °C (p < 0.001). The use of heated drinking water is a plausible a strategy for enhancing ruminal stability and the overall production efficiency in fattening beef cattle, which will lead to both better growth performance and higher ruminal stability.

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Blends of Organics Acids (OA) and Essential Oils (EO) as a Feed Additive for Broiler Chicken. A Focus on Growth Performance, Gut Morphology and Microbiology

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
Sabrina Sallemi ◽  
Lucia Condorelli ◽  
Francesco Antoci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The goal of the trial was testing the effects of a blend of organic acids and essential oils dietary supplementation on growth performance and gut healthiness in broiler chickens. In total, 420 male Ross 308 chicks (1-day old) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: basal (BD) and organic acids and essential oils (OA&EO) diets (three replicates/treatment; 70 broilers/replicate). BD group received commercial diets whereas OA&EO group basal diets + 5 g/kg of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils. OA&EO treatment improved the average daily gain (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio at 37–47 days compared to BD treatment. OA&EO treatment improved gut morphology mostly at ileum and duodenum levels in terms of villi height, crypt depth, number of villi, mucosa thickness and villi area at 24 and 34 sampling days. A certain selective action against Clostridium perfringens in ileum of OA&EO group was shown at 33 (p = 0.053) and 46 days (p = 0.09) together with lower median values for Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Mesophilic bacteria and Clostridium perfringens at ceca level. Overall, organic acids and essential oils supplementation improved growth performance in the final growth stage and some morphological gut traits and reduced to a certain extent Clostridium perfringens count in ileum.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

Combined administration of bacteriocin- -producing, probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium CCM7420 with Eleutherococcus senticosus and their effect in rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pogány Simonová ◽  
A. Lauková ◽  
L. Chrastinová ◽  
I. Plachá ◽  
V. Strompfová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
And Control

Abstract The effect of Enterococcus faecium CCM7420 (EF) - enterocin-producing and probiotic strain of rabbit origin, Eleutherococcus senticosus extract (ES) and their combination (ES+EF) was determined on selected bacteria in faeces and caecum content, leukocytes phagocytosis, blood biochemistry and growth performance. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were divided into 3 experimental (ES, EF, ES+EF) and control group (CG). The rabbits in the groups ES and EF+ES were fed commercial diet enriched with E. senticosus extract (30 g/100 kg feed), rabbits in groups EF and CG were fed untreated diet. The rabbits in the EF and ES+EF groups were administered with an overnight culture of E. faecium CCM7420 strain (500 μl/animal/day into water, 109 CFU/ml). The treatment period lasted 21 days. The microbiological examinations in faecal samples confirmed the presence of E. faecium CCM7420 strain. In groups EF and ES+EF, the reduction of faecal coliforms, Pseudomonas-like sp., Clostridium-like sp. and S. aureus was recorded. Leucocyte phagocytosis significantly increased in all experimental groups (P<0.0001) compared to CG. The lowest GPx values were measured in the ES+EF group. Higher total protein, triglycerides and calcium concentrations were detected in experimental groups compared to CG. The cholesterol concentration decreased in the ES group. The highest average daily gain was recorded in EF group; in ES+EF the better feed conversion ratio and no mortality was recorded. These results indicated that the dietary supplementation with the E. faecium CCM7420 and E. senticosus extract stimulate the leukocytes phagocytosis and reduces the potential pathogens in rabbits digestive tract without oxidative stress and improve the growth performance.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

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