Disentangling racial/ethnic and income disparities of food retail Environments: Impacts on adult obesity prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 102607
Author(s):  
Yingru Li ◽  
Shuoyang Wang ◽  
Guanqun Cao ◽  
Dapeng Li ◽  
Boon Peng Ng
Keyword(s):  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Adult obesity prevalence in primary care users: An exploration using Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) data

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. e283-e289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna V. Rigobon ◽  
Richard Birtwhistle ◽  
Shahriar Khan ◽  
David Barber ◽  
Suzanne Biro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Surveillance Network

scholarly journals California and federal school nutrition policies and obesity among children of Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Filipino origins: Interrupted time series analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. e1003596
Author(s):  
Mika Matsuzaki ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
R. David Rebanal ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Academic Year

Background Obesity prevalence remains high among children of Pacific Islander (PI) origin, Filipino (FI), and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) origins in the United States. While school nutrition policies may help prevent and reduce childhood obesity, their influences specifically among PI, FI, and AIAN children remain understudied. We evaluated the association of the California (CA) state school nutrition policies for competitive food and beverages and the federal policy for school meals (Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA 2010)) with overweight/obesity among PI, FI, and AIAN students. Methods and findings We used an interrupted time series (ITS) design with FitnessGram data from 2002 to 2016 for PI (78,841), FI (328,667), AIAN (97,129), and White (3,309,982) students in fifth and seventh grades who attended CA public schools. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the associations of the CA school nutrition policies (in effect beginning in academic year 2004 to 2005) and HHFKA 2010 (from academic year 2012 to 2013) with overweight/obesity prevalence (above the 85 percentile of the age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) distribution). The models were constructed separately for each grade and sex combination and adjusted for school district-, school-, and student-level characteristics such as percentage of students eligible for free and reduced price meals, neighborhood income and education levels, and age. Across the study period, the crude prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among PI (39.5% to 52.5%), FI (32.9% to 36.7%), and AIAN (37.7% to 45.6%) children, compared to White (26.8% to 30.2%) students. The results generally showed favorable association of the CA nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends, although the magnitudes of associations and strengths of evidence varied among racial/ethnic subgroups. Before the CA policies went into effect (2002 to 2004), overweight/obesity prevalence increased for White, PI, and AIAN students in both grades and sex groups as well as FI girls in seventh grade. After the CA policies took place (2005 to 2012), the overweight/obesity rates decreased for almost all subgroups who experienced increasing trends before the policies, with the largest decrease seen among PI girls in fifth grade (before: log odds ratio = 0.149 (95% CI 0.108 to 0.189; p < 0.001); after: 0.010 (−0.005 to 0.025; 0.178)). When both the CA nutrition policies and HHFKA 2010 were in effect (2013 to 2016), declines in the overweight/obesity prevalence were seen among White girls and FI boys in fifth grade. Despite the evidence of the favorable association of the school nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends, disparities between PI and AIAN students and their White peers remained large after the policies took place. As these policies went into effect for all public schools in CA, without a clear comparison group, we cannot conclude that the changes in prevalence trends were solely attributable to these policies. Conclusions The current study found evidence of favorable associations of the state and federal school nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends. However, the prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to be high among PI and AIAN students and FI boys. There remain wide racial/ethnic disparities between these racial/ethnic minority subgroups and their White peers. Additional strategies are needed to reduce childhood obesity and related disparities among these understudied racial/ethnic populations.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Differences Across Ethnically Diverse Subgroups of Asian American Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulani Mui ◽  
Sarah E. Hill ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Asian American Men ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

Asian Americans develop health complications at lower BMIs than other racial/ethnic groups. Given increasing overweight and obesity rates nationwide, growing numbers of Asian American men, and limited research on overweight and obesity in this population, understanding overweight and obesity differences across Asian subgroups of men is crucial to advancing health equity. This study examined overweight and obesity prevalence both among ethnic subgroups of Asian American men and compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Prevalence ratios were derived from 2002 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey data to determine associations between race/ethnicity and (a) overweight, and (b) obesity, across ( n = 221,376) racial/ethnic groups of men (Chinese; Filipino; Asian Indian; Other Asian; NHW). Overweight and obesity for all Asian subgroups were defined using Asian-specific BMI cut points. Adjusted overweight prevalence was higher across all Asian subgroups compared to NHW men, except Filipinos. No significant pairwise relationships were observed for overweight prevalence among Asian subgroups. Filipinos had higher adjusted obesity prevalence compared to NHW men. Comparing among Asian American men, Asian Indians and Other Asians had higher adjusted obesity prevalence relative to Chinese. Filipinos had higher adjusted obesity prevalence compared to all other Asian subgroups (Chinese; Asian Indian; Other Asian). The current findings highlight the need for use of (a) WHO-recommended Asian-specific BMI cut points and (b) data disaggregated by Asian American subgroup, to provide more accurate depictions of overweight and obesity rates and associated health risks. Accounting for subgroup differences is necessary to ensure Asian American men receive equitable, appropriate care.

scholarly journals The association between national income and adult obesity prevalence: Empirical insights into temporal patterns and moderators of the association using 40 years of data across 147 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0232236
Author(s):  
Debabrata Talukdar ◽  
Satheesh Seenivasan ◽  
Adrian J. Cameron ◽  
Gary Sacks
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity

scholarly journals Obesity prevalence in Colombian adults is increasing fastest in lower socio-economic status groups and urban residents: results from two nationally representative surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Kasper ◽  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prevalence Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vulnerable Subpopulations

AbstractObjectiveLow- and middle-income countries are experiencing rises in the prevalence of adult obesity. Whether these increases disproportionately affect vulnerable subpopulations is unclear because most previous investigations were not nationally representative, were limited to women, or relied on self-reported anthropometric data which are subject to bias. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 in Colombian adults; overall and by levels of sociodemographic characteristics.DesignTwo cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.SettingColombia.SubjectsMen and women 18–64 years old (n 31 105 in 2005; n 81 115 in 2010).ResultsThe prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 13·9 % in 2005 and 16·4 % in 2010 (prevalence difference = 2·7 %; 95 % CI 1·9, 3·4 %). In multivariable analyses, obesity was positively associated with female sex, age, wealth, and living in the Pacific or National Territories regions in each year. In 2010, obesity was also associated with living in an urban area. The change in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 varied significantly according to wealth; 5·0 % (95 % CI 3·3, 6·7 %) among the poorest and 0·3 % (95 % CI −1·6, 2·2 %) in the wealthiest (P, test for interaction = 0·007), after adjustment. Obesity rates also increased faster in older than younger people (P, test for interaction = 0·01), among people from urban compared with non-urban areas (P, test for interaction = 0·06) and in adults living in the Atlantic region compared with others.ConclusionsAdult obesity prevalence has increased in Colombia and its burden is shifting towards the poor and urban populations.

scholarly journals Spouse Resemblance in Body Mass Index: Effects on Adult Obesity Prevalence in the Offspring Generation

2006 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jacobson ◽  
J. S. Torgerson ◽  
L. Sjostrom ◽  
C. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Offspring Generation

scholarly journals Patterns of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity during health transition in Vanuatu

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey N Dancause ◽  
Miguel Vilar ◽  
Chim Chan ◽  
Christa DeHuff ◽  
Michelle Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Health Transition ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Early Stages

AbstractObjectiveRapid economic development and subsequent changes in lifestyle and disease burdens (‘health transition’) is associated with increasing prevalence of obesity among both adults and children. However, because of continued infectious diseases and undernutrition during the early stages of transition, monitoring childhood obesity has not been prioritized in many countries and the scope of the problem is unknown. Therefore we sought to characterize patterns of childhood overweight and obesity in an early transitional area, the South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu.DesignWe completed an anthropometric survey among children from three islands with varying levels of economic development, from rural areas (where adult obesity prevalence is low) to urban areas (where adult obesity prevalence is high).SettingThe islands of Ambae (rural), Aneityum (rural with tourism) and Efate (urban).SubjectsBoys and girls (n 513) aged 6–17 years.ResultsHeight-, weight- and BMI-for-age did not vary among islands, and prevalence of overweight/obesity based on BMI was low. However, girls from Aneityum – a rural island where the tourism industry increased rapidly after malaria eradication – had increased central adiposity compared with girls from the other islands. This is contrary to adult patterns, which indicate higher obesity prevalence in urban areas. Multiple factors might contribute, including stunting, biological responses after malaria control, sleeping patterns, diet and physical activity levels.ConclusionsMeasures of central adiposity highlight an emerging obesity risk among girls in Vanuatu. The data highlight the synergistic relationship among infectious diseases, undernutrition and obesity during the early stages of health transition.

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