scholarly journals Patterns of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity during health transition in Vanuatu

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey N Dancause ◽  
Miguel Vilar ◽  
Chim Chan ◽  
Christa DeHuff ◽  
Michelle Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Health Transition ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Early Stages

AbstractObjectiveRapid economic development and subsequent changes in lifestyle and disease burdens (‘health transition’) is associated with increasing prevalence of obesity among both adults and children. However, because of continued infectious diseases and undernutrition during the early stages of transition, monitoring childhood obesity has not been prioritized in many countries and the scope of the problem is unknown. Therefore we sought to characterize patterns of childhood overweight and obesity in an early transitional area, the South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu.DesignWe completed an anthropometric survey among children from three islands with varying levels of economic development, from rural areas (where adult obesity prevalence is low) to urban areas (where adult obesity prevalence is high).SettingThe islands of Ambae (rural), Aneityum (rural with tourism) and Efate (urban).SubjectsBoys and girls (n 513) aged 6–17 years.ResultsHeight-, weight- and BMI-for-age did not vary among islands, and prevalence of overweight/obesity based on BMI was low. However, girls from Aneityum – a rural island where the tourism industry increased rapidly after malaria eradication – had increased central adiposity compared with girls from the other islands. This is contrary to adult patterns, which indicate higher obesity prevalence in urban areas. Multiple factors might contribute, including stunting, biological responses after malaria control, sleeping patterns, diet and physical activity levels.ConclusionsMeasures of central adiposity highlight an emerging obesity risk among girls in Vanuatu. The data highlight the synergistic relationship among infectious diseases, undernutrition and obesity during the early stages of health transition.

scholarly journals Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjie Zhang ◽  
Xiaofan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Chen-Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Whether and to what extent outdoor activity and screen time are relevant to adiposity among rural adolescents remain largely unknown as most of relevant evidence was generated from high-income countries and urban areas. This study aimed to investigate associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity among early adolescents living in rural southwest China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventh graders (n = 2264) were recruited from 10 middle schools of a rural county. Overweight and obesity was assessed using adolescents’ body mass index and waist circumference. Adolescents’ outdoor activity and screen time were measured using self-reported daily time spending on outdoor activity, watching TV, playing video games, and computers on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and high waist circumferences were 8.0 and 4.9% and were higher among those from one-child families and with parents having high school or higher education and whose fathers were not farmers. Adolescents who did not have ≥1 h outdoor activity on weekdays were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.66) and have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.39, 3.57). Adolescents who had > 2 h screen time on weekends were more likely to have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.80). Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time also showed synergistic effects on overweight/obesity (OR: 1.93. 95% CI: 1.15, 3.24) and high waist circumferences (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.94). Conclusions Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time were relevant to adiposity among rural Chinese adolescents even when the obesity prevalence was low. Efforts to promote active lifestyles may help prevent rural adolescents from losing their advantage in the era of the global obesity epidemic.

scholarly journals Obesity prevalence in Colombian adults is increasing fastest in lower socio-economic status groups and urban residents: results from two nationally representative surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Kasper ◽  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prevalence Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vulnerable Subpopulations

AbstractObjectiveLow- and middle-income countries are experiencing rises in the prevalence of adult obesity. Whether these increases disproportionately affect vulnerable subpopulations is unclear because most previous investigations were not nationally representative, were limited to women, or relied on self-reported anthropometric data which are subject to bias. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 in Colombian adults; overall and by levels of sociodemographic characteristics.DesignTwo cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.SettingColombia.SubjectsMen and women 18–64 years old (n 31 105 in 2005; n 81 115 in 2010).ResultsThe prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 13·9 % in 2005 and 16·4 % in 2010 (prevalence difference = 2·7 %; 95 % CI 1·9, 3·4 %). In multivariable analyses, obesity was positively associated with female sex, age, wealth, and living in the Pacific or National Territories regions in each year. In 2010, obesity was also associated with living in an urban area. The change in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 varied significantly according to wealth; 5·0 % (95 % CI 3·3, 6·7 %) among the poorest and 0·3 % (95 % CI −1·6, 2·2 %) in the wealthiest (P, test for interaction = 0·007), after adjustment. Obesity rates also increased faster in older than younger people (P, test for interaction = 0·01), among people from urban compared with non-urban areas (P, test for interaction = 0·06) and in adults living in the Atlantic region compared with others.ConclusionsAdult obesity prevalence has increased in Colombia and its burden is shifting towards the poor and urban populations.

scholarly journals Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Ghanaian adults from 2007-2015: evidence from WHO-SAGE Waves 1 & 2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella T. Lartey ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Lei Si ◽  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Barbara de Graaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractBackgroundStudies on changes in the prevalence and determinants of obesity in older adults living in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We examined recent changes in obesity prevalence and associated factors for older adults in Ghana between 2007/08 and 2014/15.MethodsData on adults aged 50 years and older in Ghana were collected in the WHO SAGE Wave 1 (2007/08; n=4158) and Wave 2 (2014/15; n=1663). The weighted prevalence of obesity, overweight, normal weight and underweight, and of high central adiposity was compared in Waves 1 and 2. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine whether the determinants of weight status based on objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference changed between the two survey periods.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity (Wave 1=10.2%, 95% CI: 8.9-11.7%; Wave 2=15.0%, 95% CI: 12.6-17.7%) and overweight (Wave 1=19.6%, 95% CI: 18.0-21.4%; Wave 2=24.5%, 95% CI: 21.7-27.5%) was higher in Wave 2 than Wave 1 and more than half of the population had high central adiposity (Wave 1=57.7%, 95% CI: 55.4-60.1%; Wave 2=66.9%, 95% CI: 63.7-70.0%) in both study periods. Obesity prevalence was 16% lower in males and 55% higher in females comparing Wave 1 to Wave 2. Female sex, urban residence, and high household wealth were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity and high central adiposity. Those aged 70+ years had lower odds of obesity in both study waves. In Wave 2, females with physical activity level were more likely to be obese.ConclusionOver the 7-year period between survey waves, the population prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 25% and 47%, respectively, while underweight reduced by 43%. These findings differed considerably by sex, which points to differential impacts of past initiatives to reduce overweight/obesity, potential high-risk groups in Ghana, and the need to increase surveillance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in urban, rural and mountain areas of the Veneto Region, Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Bertoncello ◽  
Romina Cazzaro ◽  
Anna Ferraresso ◽  
Roberto Mazzer ◽  
Giorgio Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
North East

AbstractObjectiveTo define the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children resident in mountain areas, rural areas and urban areas.Design, setting and subjectsThe sample (n= 12 832; 50.7% boys) included 9- and 11-year-old children of the Veneto Region of north-east Italy. Overweight and obesity status were determined using the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points for body mass index. The prevalence of overweight and obese subjects was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to compare the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity among children resident in mountain areas, rural areas and urban areas.ResultsAmong boys the prevalence of overweight was 21.06%, while obesity prevalence was 5.92%; among girls overweight prevalence was 21.30%, while obesity prevalence was 5.15%. The prevalence was higher among 11-year-old boys (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.33) and 9-year-old girls (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01–1.26). Children resident in rural areas presented a higher risk of overweight and obesity compared with children resident in mountain areas (Mantel–Haenszel OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13–1.42;χ2= 17.55;P< 0.0001) and in urban areas (Mantel–Haenszel OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07–1.31;χ2= 10.39;P< 0.001).ConclusionsA relevant prevalence of overweight and obesity was found; the excess weight concerns one child in four. There are differences linked to different geographical areas that must be further investigated.

scholarly journals Prevalencia De Sobrepeso U Obesidad En Escolares De Una Población Urbana Del Estado De Jalisco, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gómez-Delgado Guillermo ◽  
Gutierrez-Villalobos Paola T. ◽  
Viveros-Paredes Juan M. ◽  
Pérez Vega María Isabel ◽  
Miranda Beltrán María de la Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. Urban populations in Mexico have not escaped the influence of today's world with an increase in sedentary lifestyles and inadequate food consumption patterns. These conditions have exacerbated the emerging and alarming problem of overweight and obesity in the country. Objective. To diagnose the nutritional status and determine the overweight and obesity prevalence in children between ages of 5 to 14 years of an urban community in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Material and methods. Through a cross-sectional study, 188 students were evaluated. Weight and height were measured and compared with reference standards of the World Health Organization, the values obtained from the measurement of waist circumference percentiles were compared with the percentile charts made by Fernandez et al, 2004. Results. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the total population was 36.7% (n = 69); in males the prevalence was 20.7% (12.2% for overweight and 8.5% for obesity) and in females was 16% (9.6% and 6.4%, respectively). Children from the fifth and sixth grade had a higher prevalence of both overweight and obesity. Conclusions. Our study shows the current nutritional problems manifested in urban areas, which is accentuated on children with higher increase between the 5th and 6th grades.

scholarly journals Disparities in economic development in Eastern China: impact on nutritional status of adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Hesketh ◽  
Qu Jian Ding ◽  
Andrew M Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractObjective:To compare the effects of disparities in economic development in urban and rural Eastern China on the nutritional status of adolescents.Design:A cross-sectional survey consisting of self-completion questionnaires, anthropometry and haemoglobin measurement.Setting:Twelve middle schools in an urban and a rural area of Zhejiang Province: Hangzhou, the capital, and Chunan, a poor mountainous area.Subjects:Some 4835 young adolescents (predominant age range 13–16 years).Results:The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in urban Hangzhou (P=0.01) Overweight affected 3.6% overall; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showed male sex (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.4) and urban residence (OR 9.1, 95% CI 3.7–22) to be the most important risk factors. The prevalence of underweight was 18%, with no significant urban–rural difference. Predictors of underweight were male sex (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.0) and low household income (OR, 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5). Mean haemoglobin was significantly lower in the rural area. Anaemia was more common in girls, 51% compared with 21% of the boys, but rural residence was not an independent risk factor. Rural students exercised more and had a less varied diet than their urban counterparts. Around one-third of the respondents consumed dietary supplements on a regular basis.Conclusions:These results suggest that in urban areas of Eastern China a dual picture is emerging with the problems of excess (overweight and obesity) coexisting with underweight and anaemia. In rural areas the problems of relative nutritional deprivation predominate, but the long-term consequences of such marginal underweight and anaemia are not clear.

Enabling Healthy Living

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adu-Prah ◽  
Tonny Oyana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Youth Obesity

The increasing burden of overweight and obesity in the United States (U.S.) demands a better understanding of its local and regional spatial patterns and trends. The study examines the hypothesis that there are spatial differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in U.S. youths at regional and local levels. It used spatial, statistical, and spatiotemporal analyses and a synthesis of regionally and locally relevant data from a cohort of large, nationally representative, longitudinal data sets, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY`97) to analyze overweight and obesity prevalence. Specifically, the methods used included the spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), spatial interpolation techniques (Inverse Distance Weighting – IDW), and Kulldorf's scan space-time analysis. The paper analyzed 12 waves (1997–2008) of data from the NLSY data sets. Its findings revealed there is an upward trend both in males and in females in obesity prevalence in US youths during the twelve-year period. Youth obesity prevalence was also higher among females than among males. The cohort shows evidence of increase in overweight and obesity prevalence. There are mixed trends in youth obesity prevalence patterns in rural and urban areas. Counties identified as consistently experiencing higher prevalence of obesity and with the potential of becoming an obesogenic environment are Copiah, Holmes, and Hinds in Mississippi; Harris and Chamber, Texas; Oklahoma and McCain, Oklahoma; Jefferson, Louisiana; and Chicot and Jefferson, Arkansas. The twelve-year study indicated spatial variation in obesity and overweight prevalence among U.S. youths, with pockets of clustered prevalence. This information can guide programs, policies, and initiatives for obesity prevention at regional and local levels.

scholarly journals ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 987-990
Author(s):  
Dr. K. Sai Manoj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Key Factor

Tourism is an important catalyst in the socio-economic development of both rural and urban areas since the last two decades, contributing in several ways and strengthens the interconnected processes. Tourism Industry is the most vibrant tertiary activity and a multibillion industry in India. It has emerged as a key factor for sustainable socio-economic development globally Tourism industry has potential to strengthen the inclusive economic development. It is a limitless industry with immense growth potential having clear remarkable positive impact on economic and social aspects of Indian economy. Developing countries like India, tourism has become one of the major sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion to GDP and employment opportunities. Tourism is one of the fastest growing service industries in the country with great potentials for its further expansion and diversification. Since the last few years, Indian tourism industry has been growing at a rapid pace and has paved the way for huge potential for generating employment, earning foreign exchange thereby uplifting the economy.

National prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in Turkey: cross sectional study of a representative adult population

Open Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay Delibasi ◽  
Yasar Karaaslan ◽  
Ihsan Ustun ◽  
Ertugrul Koroglu ◽  
Seref Hosgor
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in representative sample of adult (≥ 18 years old) Turkish population living in urban and rural area of Turkey. Turkish citizens aged ≥ 18 who can represent adult population and permanently resident in Turkey were taken to this study in 1999–2000. The nationally representative sample population was selected from the target population using the census which was performed by national institute of statistics at 1997. Target population was 13.570 individuals living in these houses and 8674 people who aged ≥ 18 are chosen for the study. BMI was used as widely accepted diagnostic criteria of obesity. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of underweight was 10.7% in men, 5.9% in women and 8.1% for overall. The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% in men, 20.4% in women and 19% for overall. The prevalence of obesity was 7.8% in men, 22.1% in women and 15.6% for overall. The prevalence of overweight is higher (19.6%) in urban areas but prevalence of obesity is higher (17%) in rural areas of Turkey. Age, educational level and marital status seem to have association with obesity prevalence. The data we obtained showed us that while the underweight is still an issue for men, the overweight and obesity prevalence is high and needs to take early prevention steps for Turkish population.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

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