Recombination of photo-generated charge carriers in H-terminated and (photo-)oxidized silicon nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 101071
Author(s):  
Bruno P. Falcão ◽  
Joaquim P. Leitão ◽  
Lídia Ricardo ◽  
Hugo Águas ◽  
Rodrigo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Charge Carriers

Chemical composition of hybrid silicon nanoparticles and ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
V. O. Kompanets ◽  
S. V. Chekalin ◽  
M. A. Lazov ◽  
N. V. Alov ◽  
A. M. Ionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Ultrafast Dynamics ◽  
Hybrid Silicon

scholarly journals One-Pot Synthesis of High-Capacity Silicon-Lithium Anodes via On-Copper Growth of a Semi-Conducting, Porous Polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyang Huang ◽  
Andréa Martin ◽  
Anna Urbanski ◽  
Ranjit Kulkarni ◽  
Patrick Amsalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
One Pot Synthesis

Silicon-based anodes with lithium ions as charge carriers have the highest predicted charge density of 3579 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> (for Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>) while being comparatively safe. Contemporary electrodes do not achieve these theoretical values largely because production paradigms remained unchanged since their inception and rely on the mixing of weakly coordinated, multiple components. In this paper, we present the one-pot synthesis of high-performance anodes that reach the theoretical capacity of the fully lithiated state of silicon. Here, a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network is grown around silicon nanoparticles directly on the current collector, a copper sheet. The current collector (Cu) acts as the catalyst for the formation of a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network that grows around the inorganic, active material (Si). In comparison to established electrode assemblies, this process (i) omits any steps related to curing, drying, and annealing, (ii) does away with binders and conductivity-enhancing additives that decrease volumetric and gravimetric capacity, and (iii) cancels out the detrimental effects on performance, chemical and physical stability of conventional, three-component anodes (Si, binder, carbon black). This is because, the porous, semi-conducting organic framework (i) adheres to the current collector on which it grows <i>via</i> cooperative van der Waals interactions, (ii) acts effectively as conductor for electrical charges and binder of silicon nanoparticles <i>via</i> conjugated, covalent bonds, and (iii) enables selective transport of mass and charge-carriers (electrolyte and Li-ions) through pores of defined size. As a result, the anode shows extraordinarily high capacity at the theoretical limit of fully lithiated silicon, excellent performances in terms of cycling (exceeding 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles), and high mechanical and thermal stability. These high-performance anodes pave the way for use in flexible, wearable electronics and in environmentally demanding applications.

scholarly journals One-Pot Synthesis of High-Capacity Silicon-Lithium Anodes via On-Copper Growth of a Semi-Conducting, Porous Polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyang Huang ◽  
Andréa Martin ◽  
Anna Urbanski ◽  
Ranjit Kulkarni ◽  
Patrick Amsalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
One Pot Synthesis

Silicon-based anodes with lithium ions as charge carriers have the highest predicted charge density of 3579 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> (for Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>) while being comparatively safe. Contemporary electrodes do not achieve these theoretical values largely because production paradigms remained unchanged since their inception and rely on the mixing of weakly coordinated, multiple components. In this paper, we present the one-pot synthesis of high-performance anodes that reach the theoretical capacity of the fully lithiated state of silicon. Here, a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network is grown around silicon nanoparticles directly on the current collector, a copper sheet. The current collector (Cu) acts as the catalyst for the formation of a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network that grows around the inorganic, active material (Si). In comparison to established electrode assemblies, this process (i) omits any steps related to curing, drying, and annealing, (ii) does away with binders and conductivity-enhancing additives that decrease volumetric and gravimetric capacity, and (iii) cancels out the detrimental effects on performance, chemical and physical stability of conventional, three-component anodes (Si, binder, carbon black). This is because, the porous, semi-conducting organic framework (i) adheres to the current collector on which it grows <i>via</i> cooperative van der Waals interactions, (ii) acts effectively as conductor for electrical charges and binder of silicon nanoparticles <i>via</i> conjugated, covalent bonds, and (iii) enables selective transport of mass and charge-carriers (electrolyte and Li-ions) through pores of defined size. As a result, the anode shows extraordinarily high capacity at the theoretical limit of fully lithiated silicon, excellent performances in terms of cycling (exceeding 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles), and high mechanical and thermal stability. These high-performance anodes pave the way for use in flexible, wearable electronics and in environmentally demanding applications.

scholarly journals One-pot synthesis of high-capacity silicon-lithium anodes via on-copper growth of a semi-conducting, porous polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bojdys ◽  
Jieyang Huang ◽  
Anna Urbanski ◽  
Andréa Martin ◽  
Ranjit Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
One Pot Synthesis

Abstract Silicon-based anodes with lithium ions as charge carriers have the highest predicted charge density of 3579 mA h g-1 (for Li15Si4) while being comparatively safe. Contemporary electrodes do not achieve these theoretical values largely because production paradigms remained unchanged since their inception and rely on the mixing of weakly coordinated, multiple components. In this paper, we present the one-pot synthesis of high-performance anodes that reach the theoretical capacity of the fully lithiated state of silicon. Here, a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network is grown around silicon nanoparticles directly on the current collector, a copper sheet. The current collector (Cu) acts as the catalyst for the formation of a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network that grows around the inorganic, active material (Si). In comparison to established electrode assemblies, this process (i) omits any steps related to curing, drying, and annealing, (ii) does away with binders and conductivity-enhancing additives that decrease volumetric and gravimetric capacity, and (iii) cancels out the detrimental effects on performance, chemical and physical stability of conventional, three-component anodes (Si, binder, carbon black). This is because, the porous, semi-conducting organic framework (i) adheres to the current collector on which it grows via cooperative van der Waals interactions, (ii) acts effectively as conductor for electrical charges and binder of silicon nanoparticles via conjugated, covalent bonds, and (iii) enables selective transport of mass and charge-carriers (electrolyte and Li-ions) through pores of defined size. As a result, the anode shows extraordinarily high capacity at the theoretical limit of fully lithiated silicon, excellent performances in terms of cycling (exceeding 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles), and high mechanical and thermal stability. These high-performance anodes pave the way for use in flexible, wearable electronics and in environmentally demanding applications.

scholarly journals One-Pot Synthesis of High-Capacity Silicon-Lithium Anodes via On-Copper Growth of a Semi-Conducting, Porous Polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyang Huang ◽  
Andréa Martin ◽  
Anna Urbanski ◽  
Ranjit Kulkarni ◽  
Patrick Amsalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
One Pot Synthesis

Silicon-based anodes with lithium ions as charge carriers have the highest predicted charge density of 3579 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> (for Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>) while being comparatively safe. Contemporary electrodes do not achieve these theoretical values largely because production paradigms remained unchanged since their inception and rely on the mixing of weakly coordinated, multiple components. In this paper, we present the one-pot synthesis of high-performance anodes that reach the theoretical capacity of the fully lithiated state of silicon. Here, a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network is grown around silicon nanoparticles directly on the current collector, a copper sheet. The current collector (Cu) acts as the catalyst for the formation of a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network that grows around the inorganic, active material (Si). In comparison to established electrode assemblies, this process (i) omits any steps related to curing, drying, and annealing, (ii) does away with binders and conductivity-enhancing additives that decrease volumetric and gravimetric capacity, and (iii) cancels out the detrimental effects on performance, chemical and physical stability of conventional, three-component anodes (Si, binder, carbon black). This is because, the porous, semi-conducting organic framework (i) adheres to the current collector on which it grows <i>via</i> cooperative van der Waals interactions, (ii) acts effectively as conductor for electrical charges and binder of silicon nanoparticles <i>via</i> conjugated, covalent bonds, and (iii) enables selective transport of mass and charge-carriers (electrolyte and Li-ions) through pores of defined size. As a result, the anode shows extraordinarily high capacity at the theoretical limit of fully lithiated silicon, excellent performances in terms of cycling (exceeding 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles), and high mechanical and thermal stability. These high-performance anodes pave the way for use in flexible, wearable electronics and in environmentally demanding applications.

scholarly journals Charge properties and currents in the silicon/nanoparticles of zinc oxide heterostructure irradiated by the solar light

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
A. A. Kuraptsova ◽  
A. L. Danilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Oxide Heterostructures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oxide Heterostructure ◽  
Nanosized Zno

Silicon/zinc oxide heterostructures have shown themselves to be promising for use in photovoltaics. This paper presents the results of modeling the charge properties and currents in a Si/nanosized ZnO particle with different types of conductivity under sunlight irradiation. The simulation was carried out using the Comsol Multiphysics software package. The energy diagrams of the investigated heterostructures were plotted, the charge properties and currents flowing in the structure were investigated, the dependences of the rate of generation of charge carriers on wavelength on the surfaces of silicon, zinc oxide, and at the interface between silicon and zinc oxide, the rate of recombination of charge carriers at various wavelengths of incident radiation was obtained. The regularities of the influence of wavelength of the incident radiation on the charge density and electric potential on the surface of heterostructures have been established. It is shown that the potential on the surface of the p-Si / n-ZnO heterostructure is positive, depends on the wavelength of the incident radiation and reaches the maximum of 0.68 V. For other structures, it is negative and does not depend on the wavelength: n-Si / p-ZnO –0.78 V, p-Si / p-ZnO –0.65 V, n-Si / n-ZnO –0.25 V.

Detector strategies for environmental scanning electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Electrode ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Environmental Sem

Environmental SEM operate at specimen chamber pressures of ∼20 torr (2.7 kPa) allowing stabilization of liquid water at room temperature, working on rugged insulators, and generation of an environmental secondary electron (ESE) signal. All signals available in conventional high vacuum instruments are also utilized in the environmental SEM, including BSE, SE, absorbed current, CL, and X-ray. In addition, the ESEM allows utilization of the flux of charge carriers as information, providing exciting new signal modes not available to BSE imaging or to conventional high vacuum SEM.In the ESEM, at low vacuum, SE electrons are collected with a “gaseous detector”. This detector collects low energy electrons (and ions) with biased wires or plates similar to those used in early high vacuum SEM for SE detection. The detector electrode can be integrated into the first PLA or positioned at any other place resulting in a versatile system that provides a variety of surface information.

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

Laser Engineering of Barrier Structures Based on Solid Solution ZnCdHgTe.

2002 ◽  
Vol 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Khlyap
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Barrier Structure ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Capacitance Voltage ◽  
Laser Engineering ◽  
Charged Defects ◽  
Epilayer Surface

AbstractRoom-temperature electric investigations carried out in CO2-laser irradiated ZnCdHgTe epifilms revealed current-voltage and capacitance-voltage dependencies typical for the metal-semiconductor barrier structure. The epilayer surface studies had demonstrated that the cell-like relief has replaced the initial tessellated structure observed on the as-grown samples. The detailed numerical analysis of the experimental measurements and morphological investigations of the film surface showed that the boundaries of the cells formed under the laser irradiation are appeared as the regions of accumulation of derived charged defects of different type of conductivity supplying free charge carriers under the applied electric field.

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