The relationship between the comb and social behaviour in laying hens

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

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Pitirim A Sorokin: The interconnection between his life and scientific work

International Sociology ◽

10.1177/0268580910394003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 878-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Inna Ponomareva

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Cultural Dynamics ◽

Polar Opposite ◽

The Relationship ◽

Life Career

This article discusses the relationship between two periods of Pitirim A Sorokin’s life, career and scientific work: the Russian period (till 1922) and the American (1923–68). The main sociological problems of both periods are considered in the article, including: social behaviour, the positivistic system of sociology and famine (as the key problems of his Russian period) and revolution, social stratification, social mobility, social and cultural dynamics and altruistic love (as the key problems of his American period). The important point in the discussion is that the Russian period is a prototype of the American one rather than its polar opposite; and therefore that the concepts that characterize Sorokin’s American period are the development of his ideas that had emerged while he was still in Russia.

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Investigation of the relationship between farrowing environment, sex steroid concentrations and maternal aggression in gilts

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200592369 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 34-34

Author(s):

K.A. McLean ◽

A.B. Lawrence ◽

J.C. Petherick ◽

L. Deans ◽

J. Chirnside ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Steroids ◽

Maternal Care ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Social Rank ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Maternal Behaviour ◽

Maternal Aggression ◽

The Relationship

Maternal oestrogen and progesterone have been shown to be important in the initiation of maternal behaviour (e.g. Shipka and Ford, 1991). It has also been suggested by Csermely and Nicosia (1991) that there is an association between social rank and the performance of maternal behaviour. This study investigated the relationships between social behaviour during pregnancy, levels of sex steroids around parturition and the level of maternal care shown by gilts. Sows and gilts are generally housed in farrowing crates during parturition and lactation. This study also ascertained whether or not the farrowing environment affected sex steroid concentrations.

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The relationship between the mTOR signaling pathway and ovarian aging in peak-phase and late-phase laying hens

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 334-347

Author(s):

Er-Ying Hao ◽

De-He Wang ◽

Yi-Fan Chen ◽

Rong-Yan Zhou ◽

Hui Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Late Phase ◽

Mtor Signaling ◽

Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽

Ovarian Aging ◽

The Relationship ◽

Peak Phase

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An RFID-Based Automated Individual Perching Monitoring System for Group-Housed Poultry

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 695-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kailao Wang ◽

Kai Liu ◽

Hongwei Xin ◽

Lilong Chai ◽

Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Well Being ◽

Load Cell ◽

Commercial Application ◽

Group Setting ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cell Module

Abstract. Perching is a natural behavior of poultry. Considerable research has been done to explore the relationship between group overall perch usage and well-being of laying hens. To quantify the potential cause-effect relationship on individual hens with different health or well-being status (e.g., keel bone deformation, foot pad lesion, social ranking) in a group, it is necessary to identify the perching behavior of individual birds. However, continuously monitoring individual birds in a group poses considerable challenges. To enable such research and potential commercial application, this study developed and validated a radio frequency identification (RFID) based automated perching monitoring system (APMS) for characterizing individual perching behaviors of group-housed poultry. The APMS consisted of an RFID module, a load cell module, and a round wooden perch. The RFID module was comprised of a high-frequency RFID reader, three customized rectangular antennas placed under the perch, and RFID transponders attached to the birds. The load cell module was comprised of a data acquisition system and two load cells supporting both ends of the perch. The daily number of perch visits (PV) and perching duration (PD) for individual birds were used to delineate perching behavior. Three identical experimental pens, five hens per pen, were equipped with the monitoring system. Two RFID transponders were attached to each hen (one per leg), and a distinct color was marked on the bird’s head for video or visual identification and validation. Performance of the APMS was validated by comparing the system outputs with manual observation and labeling over an entire day. Sensitivity and specificity of the system were shown to improve from 97.77% and 99.88%, respectively when using only the RFID module to 99.83% and 99.93% when incorporating weight information from the load cell module. Using this system, we conducted a preliminary trial on the relationship of perching behavior and body weight of laying hens, which revealed little effect of body weight but considerable variability in perching behavior among the individual hens. The study demonstrated that the APMS had excellent performance in measuring perching behaviors of individual birds in a group. The APMS offers great potential for delineating individual differences in perching behavior among hens with different social status or health conditions in a group setting. Keywords: Individual perching behavior, Laying hen, Load cell, Precision livestock farming, RFID, Welfare.

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Influence of Personality Traits and Its Interaction with the Phenomenon of Bullying: Multi-Centre Descriptive Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Manuel Pabón-Carrasco ◽

Lucia Ramirez-Baena ◽

Nerea Jiménez-Picón ◽

José Antonio Ponce Blandón ◽

José Manuel Martínez-Montilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Observational Descriptive Study

Bullying affects thousands of teenagers worldwide and has devastating consequences. Various studies suggest that the personality of teenagers is a risk profile for bullying. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the personality of teenagers aged 14 to 16 years from three education centres located in the province of Seville (Spain) and bullying in any of its victim or aggressor roles. A multi-centre cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted in three education centres in the province of Seville (Spain). The sample consisted of 93 students. In order to measure the two main variables, the Bull-S test was used for bullying, and the EPQ-J questionnaire was used for personality traits. A descriptive and correlation analysis was performed between variables. The results showed that 14% (n = 13) of the sample were detected as victims and another 14% (n = 13) were detected as aggressors. Statistically significant differences were found between neuroticism (p = 0.044; Phi = 0.615), sincerity (p = 0.016; V de Cramer = 0.474), and anti-social behaviour (p = 0.007; Phi = 0.620) with the variables victim/aggressor. Bullies are typically males who score high on neuroticism and anti-social behaviour, with a tendency towards social dissimulation.

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Interpersonal relationships - in quest of a science

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700016056 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 373-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. A. Hinde

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Negative Feedback ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

Social Constraints ◽

Interpersonal Interactions ◽

Positive And Negative Feedback ◽

The Relationship

SynopsisInterpersonal relationships pose problems additional to those arising from social behaviour. If there is to be a science of interpersonal relationships, it must rest on a firm descriptive base. It is suggested that the following categories of dimensions are likely to prove useful: the content of the interactions within the relationship; their diversity; their qualities; their relative frequency and patterning; the nature of their reciprocity v. complementarity; and the intimacy, interpersonal congruency and commitment between the participants. A science of relationships will also require principles concerned with their dynamics. Three likely categories are those concerned with social constraints, with learning, and with positive and negative feedback. Principles concerned with learning will require an adequate categorization of the resources used in interpersonal interactions. The specification of these principles depends on the adequacy of the descriptive base.

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Rumour and the Buganda Emergency, 1966

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00021765 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 329-338

Author(s):

Ralph E. S. Tanner

Keyword(s):

Social Behaviour ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sociological Studies ◽

The Relationship ◽

Vital Element

Rumour and gossip have been noted in a wide range of sociological studies as performing significant functions: for the informant and the recipient, and for the relationship between them, as well as for the society in which they live.1 Although many items often appear to be insignificant, they may be part of a complex web of information and speculation which is a vital element in a particular community. Social scientists might be described as ‘scandal mongers’ par excellence since they live professionally off the minutiae of gossip which they manage to gather: they read political memoirs or listen to uninformed discussion and random recollection, because this material may contain important information about social behaviour.

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