Thermal performance of oil spray cooling system for in-wheel motor in electric vehicles

Abstract Spray cooling is implemented on an engineering tool for Time Resolved Emission measurements using a silicon solid immersion lens to achieve high spatial resolution and for probing high heat flux devices. Thermal performance is characterized using a thermal test vehicle consisting of a 4x3 array of cells each with a heater element and a thermal diode to monitor the temperature within the cell. The flip-chip packaged TTV is operated to achieve uniform heat flux across the die. The temperature distribution across the die is measured on the 4x3 grid of the die for various heat loads up to 180 W with corresponding heat flux of 204 W/cm2. Using water as coolant the maximum temperature differential across the die was about 30 °C while keeping the maximum junction temperature below 95 °C and at a heat flux of 200 W/cm2. Details of the thermal performance of spray cooling system as a function of flow rate, coolant

Download Full-text

A gas-atomized spray cooling system integrated with an ejector loop: Ejector modeling and thermal performance analysis

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

pp. 106-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ji-Xiang Wang ◽

Yun-Ze Li ◽

Jia-Xin Li ◽

Chao Li ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Cooling System ◽

Spray Cooling

Download Full-text

The Effect of Chamber Pressure on the Thermal Performance of New Refrigerant R513a During Spray Cooling

ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference ◽

10.1115/ht2019-3628 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nabeel M. Abdulrazzaq ◽

Azzam S. Salman ◽

Noble Anumbe ◽

Amitav Tikadar ◽

Saad K. Oudah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Performance ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Cooling System ◽

Heated Surface ◽

Saturation Temperature ◽

Spray Cooling ◽

Copper Surface ◽

Chamber Pressure ◽

Refrigeration System ◽

Spray Chamber

Abstract In this paper, the performance of a new low-GWP refrigerant R513a was experimentally investigated, during spray cooling. A spray cooling system was designed to work as a sub-system within a closed-loop refrigeration system. The influence of chamber pressure on heat flux and heat transfer coefficient were experimentally investigated. A smooth plain copper surface heated by a cartridge heater was cooled by the refrigerant (R513a) while flowing through a nozzle in the spray chamber. The results showed that chamber pressure has a significant impact on the overall thermal performance of the spray cooling operation. It was also determined that higher chamber pressures resulted in higher thermal performance. The highest chamber pressure attained in this study was 0.6 MPa. Furthermore, the surface temperature of the heated surface increased due to the increase of the saturation temperature of the liquid over the surface.

Download Full-text

The Oriented Spray Cooling System for Heat Rejection and Evaporation

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.4052508 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chuck Bowman ◽

Robert E. Taylor ◽

Jerry D. Hubble

Keyword(s):

Thermal Performance ◽

Cooling System ◽

Air Flow ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽

Spray Cooling ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Water Droplets ◽

Flow Through ◽

Regulatory Commission

Abstract Spray ponds offer significant advantages over mechanical draft cooling towers including superior simplicity and operability, lower preferred power requirements, and lower costs. Unlike a conventional spray pond in which spray nozzles are arranged in a flat bed and water is sprayed upward, the Oriented Spray Cooling System (OSCS) is an evolutionary spray pond design in which nozzles are mounted on spray trees arranged in a circle and are tilted at an angle oriented towards the center of the circle. Therefore, each nozzle is exposed to essentially ambient air as water droplets drag air into the spray region while the warm air concentrated in the center of the circle rises. Both of these effects work together to increase air flow through the spray region. Increased air flow reduces the local wet-bulb temperature of the air in the spray pattern, promoting heat transfer and more efficient cooling. The authors have developed analytical models to predict the thermal performance of the OSCS that are based on classical heat and mass transfer and kinetic vector relationships for spherical water droplets that rely only on generic experimental thermal performance data. The model is not limited in application with regard to spray pressure or nozzle spacing or orientation and is not limited by droplet size considerations. The paper compares the predicted performance of the OSCS with full-scale field test results that were measured in compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements at the Columbia Generating Station where the ultimate heat sink is two OSCS.

Download Full-text

The Oriented Spray Cooling System for Heat Rejection and Evaporation

ASME 2019 Power Conference ◽

10.1115/power2019-1803 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Charles F. Bowman ◽

Robert E. Taylor ◽

Jerry D. Hubble

Keyword(s):

Thermal Performance ◽

Cooling System ◽

Air Flow ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽

Spray Cooling ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Water Droplets ◽

Flow Through ◽

Regulatory Commission

Abstract Spray ponds offer significant advantages over mechanical draft cooling towers (MDCT) including superior simplicity and operability, lower preferred power requirements, and lower capital and maintenance costs. Unlike a conventional spray pond in which spray nozzles are arranged in a flat bed and water is sprayed upward, the Oriented Spray Cooling System (OSCS) is an evolutionary spray pond design in which nozzles are mounted on spray trees arranged in a circle and are tilted at an angle oriented towards the center of the circle. As a result, each nozzle is exposed to essentially ambient air as water droplets drag air into the spray region while the warm air concentrated in the center of the circle rises. Both of these effects work together to increase air flow through the spray region. Increased air flow reduces the local wet-bulb temperature (LWBT) of the air in the spray pattern, promoting heat transfer and more efficient cooling. The authors have developed analytical models to predict the thermal performance of the OSCS that are based on classical heat and mass transfer and kinetic vector relationships for spherical water droplets that rely only on generic experimental thermal performance data. Therefore, the model is not limited in application with regard to spray pressure or nozzle spacing or orientation and is not limited by droplet size considerations. This paper describes specific details such as nozzle type, orientation, and drop spectrum and details on the analytical model never before published that are used to predict the OSCS performance. The paper compares the predicted performance of the OSCS with the rigorous full-scale field test results that were measured in compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements at the Columbia Generating Station (CGS) where the ultimate heat sink (UHS) is two OSCS.

Download Full-text

HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE OF A ROOF-SPRAY COOLING SYSTEM EMPLOYING THE TRANSFER FUNCTION METHOD

Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 10 ◽

10.1615/ihtc10.40 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

J. A. Clements ◽

S.A. Sherif

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Transfer Function ◽

Function Method ◽

Heat Transfer Performance ◽

Cooling System ◽

Spray Cooling ◽

Transfer Performance ◽

Transfer Function Method

Download Full-text

Experimental Investigation and Comparison of the Thermal Performance of Additively and Conventionally Manufactured Heat Exchangers

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11040574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Ana Vafadar ◽

Ferdinando Guzzomi ◽

Kevin Hayward

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Cooling System ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Manufacturing Method ◽

Industrial Sectors

Air heat exchangers (HXs) are applicable in many industrial sectors because they offer a simple, reliable, and cost-effective cooling system. Additive manufacturing (AM) systems have significant potential in the construction of high-efficiency, lightweight HXs; however, HXs still mainly rely on conventional manufacturing (CM) systems such as milling, and brazing. This is due to the fact that little is known regarding the effects of AM on the performance of AM fabricated HXs. In this research, three air HXs comprising of a single fin fabricated from stainless steel 316 L using AM and CM methods—i.e., the HXs were fabricated by both direct metal printing and milling. To evaluate the fabricated HXs, microstructure images of the HXs were investigated, and the surface roughness of the samples was measured. Furthermore, an experimental test rig was designed and manufactured to conduct the experimental studies, and the thermal performance was investigated using four characteristics: heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, thermal fluid dynamic performance, and friction factor. The results showed that the manufacturing method has a considerable effect on the HX thermal performance. Furthermore, the surface roughness and distribution, and quantity of internal voids, which might be created during and after the printing process, affect the performance of HXs.

Download Full-text