Metabolic responses of penaeid shrimp to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a severe, newly emergent penaeid shrimp disease caused byVibrio parahaemolyticusthat has already led to tremendous losses in the cultured shrimp industry. Until now, its disease-causing mechanism has remained unclear. Here we show that an AHPND-causing strain ofV. parahaemolyticuscontains a 70-kbp plasmid (pVA1) with a postsegregational killing system, and that the ability to cause disease is abolished by the natural absence or experimental deletion of the plasmid-encoded homologs of thePhotorhabdusinsect-related (Pir) toxins PirA and PirB. We determined the crystal structure of theV. parahaemolyticusPirA and PirB (PirAvpand PirBvp) proteins and found that the overall structural topology of PirAvp/PirBvpis very similar to that of theBacillusCry insecticidal toxin-like proteins, despite the low sequence identity (<10%). This structural similarity suggests that the putative PirABvpheterodimer might emulate the functional domains of the Cry protein, and in particular its pore-forming activity. The gene organization of pVA1 further suggested thatpirABvpmay be lost or acquired by horizontal gene transfer via transposition or homologous recombination.

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Prevalence of vibrios with special reference to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in farmed penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from selected districts of Tamil Nadu, India

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2017.64.3.69011-18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Ananda Raja ◽

R. Sridhar ◽

C. Balachandran ◽

A. Palanisamy ◽

S. Ramesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Penaeid Shrimp ◽

Penaeus Vannamei ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Biochemical Characterisation ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Prevalence of Vibrio spp. with special reference to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) infection was assessed in Penaeus vannamei farms in Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu during the period August 2014 to February 2015. Isolation and identification of bacteria from haemolymph, stomach and hepatopancreas of P. vannamei was done from all the farms for the prevalence of Vp infection. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characterisation, 74 isolates were identified as Vp (35.14%), V. harveyi (21.62%), V. anguillarum (16.22%), V. campbellii (10.81%), V. mimicus (8.11%), V. alginolyticus (5.41%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.7%). The PCR results showed that there were 26 (35.14%) isolates positive for Vp specific toxR and tlh genes and negative for human pathogenic tdh and trh genes. All isolates were also negative for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) specific AP1, AP2, AP3 (pirAvp) and AP4 (pirAvp and pirBvp) genes. The study revealed that there was no AHPND causing Vp strain in farmed P. vannamei from two important coastal districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

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Effects of Feed Mixed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Supplied to the Water on the Growth and Survival Rate of White Leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Infected with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Linh Nguyen Thi Truc ◽

Tuu Nguyen Thanh ◽

To Tran Thi Hong ◽

Day Pham Van ◽

Minh Vo Thi Tuyet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Control Group ◽

Penaeus Vannamei ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Shrimp Health

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, survival rate, and resistance to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus mixed with feed, and at the same time supplying CNP in a ratio of 15:1:0.1 to the water. As a result, the treatments that shrimp were fed with feed containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially L. plantarum, have increased shrimp growth, total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. The supply of CNP to the water has promoted the intensity of V. parahaemolyticus effects on shrimp health and significantly decreased total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells by 30–50% in the period after three days of the challenge, except in L. plantarum treatment, which had only a 20% decrease compared to other treatments. In CNP supplying treatments, the AHPND infected rate and mortality of shrimp were higher than those in other treatments. In summary, the supply of CNP had significantly reduced the shrimp’s immune response and promoted the susceptibility of shrimp to AHPND in both cases of use with and without LAB-containing diets.

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Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of a Seaweed-Probiotic Blend Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-Causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

10.1007/s12602-019-09616-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 906-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shen-Yin Lim ◽

Keat Wei Loo ◽

Wey-Lim Wong

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

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Draft Genome Sequence of the Shrimp Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST17.P5-S1, Isolated in Peninsular Malaysia

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01053-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sridevi Devadas ◽

Subha Bhassu ◽

Tze Chiew Christie Soo ◽

Fatimah M. Yusoff ◽

Mohamed Shariff

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

East Coast ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Penaeus Vannamei ◽

Content Type ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

We sequenced the genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain ST17.P5-S1, isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The strain contains several antibiotic resistance genes and a plasmid encoding the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes, pirAvp and pirBvp, associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).

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Variation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from a single Thai shrimp farm experiencing an outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 428-429 ◽

pp. 297-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Jyoti Joshi ◽

Jiraporn Srisala ◽

Viet Hong Truong ◽

I-Tung Chen ◽

Bunlung Nuangsaeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Shrimp Farm ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

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Passive Immunization with Recombinant Antibody VLRB-PirAvp/PirBvp—Enriched Feeds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9010055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Jassy Mary S. Lazarte ◽

Young Rim Kim ◽

Jung Seok Lee ◽

Jin Hong Chun ◽

Si Won Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Recombinant Antibody ◽

Expression System ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Control Group ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Shrimp Feed ◽

A Cell ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Shrimp Farms

The causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is the bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes toxins into the gastrointestinal tract of its host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins A and B (PirAvp/PirBvp) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, and are, therefore, the focus of studies developing treatments for AHPND. We previously produced recombinant antibodies based on the hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) capable of neutralizing some viruses, suggesting that this type of antibody may have a potential application for treatment of AHPND. Here, recombinant PirAvp/PirBvp, produced using a bacterial expression system, were used as antigens to screen a hagfish VLRB cDNA library to obtain PirAvp/PirBvp-specific antibodies. A cell line secreting these antibodies was established by screening and cloning the DNA extracted from hagfish B cells. Supernatants collected from cells secreting the PirAvp/PirBvp antibodies were collected and concentrated, and used to passively immunize shrimp to neutralize the toxins PirAvp or PirBvp associated with AHPND. Briefly, 10 μg of PirAvp and PirBvp antibodies, 7C12 and 9G10, respectively, were mixed with the shrimp feed, and fed to shrimp for three days consecutive days prior to experimentally infecting the shrimp with V. parahaemolyticus (containing toxins A and B), and resulting mortalities recorded for six days. Results showed significantly higher level of survival in shrimp fed with the PirBvp-9G10 antibody (60%) compared to the group fed the PirAvp-7C12 antibody (3%) and the control group (0%). This suggests that VLRB antibodies may be a suitable alternative to immunoglobulin-based antibodies, as passive immunization treatments for effective management of AHPND outbreaks within shrimp farms.

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Targeting PirAvp and PirBvp Toxins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with Oilseed Peptides: An In Silico Approach

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10101211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1211

Author(s):

Joe-Hui Ong ◽

Wey-Lim Wong ◽

Fai-Chu Wong ◽

Tsun-Thai Chai

Keyword(s):

Complex Formation ◽

In Silico ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Toxin Binding ◽

Binding Peptides ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Tryptic Hydrolysis ◽

Dual Target

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by PirAvp- and PirBvp-releasing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, has resulted in massive mortality in shrimp aquaculture. Excessive use of antibiotics for AHPND management has led to antibiotic resistance, highlighting the urgency to search for alternatives. Using an in silico approach, we aimed to discover PirAvp/PirBvp-binding peptides from oilseed meals as alternatives to antibiotics. To search for peptides that remain intact in the shrimp digestive tract, and therefore would be available for toxin binding, we focused on peptides released from tryptic hydrolysis of 37 major proteins from seeds of hemp, pumpkin, rape, sesame, and sunflower. This yielded 809 peptides. Further screening led to 24 peptides predicted as being non-toxic to shrimp, fish, and humans, with thermal stability and low water solubility. Molecular docking on the 24 peptides revealed six dual-target peptides capable of binding to key regions responsible for complex formation on both PirAvp and PirBvp. The peptides (ISYVVQGMGISGR, LTFVVHGHALMGK, QSLGVPPQLGNACNLDNLDVLQPTETIK, ISTINSQTLPILSQLR, PQFLVGASSILR, and VQVVNHMGQK) are 1139–2977 Da in mass and 10–28 residues in length. Such peptides are potential candidates for the future development of peptide-based anti-AHPND agents which potentially mitigate V. parahaemolyticus pathogenesis by intercepting PirAvp/PirBvp complex formation.

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