Analysis and interpretation of 25 years of ozone observations at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland from 1987 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Derwent ◽  
Alistair J. Manning ◽  
Peter G. Simmonds ◽  
T. Gerard Spain ◽  
Simon O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

scholarly journals Natural Greenhouse Gas and Ozone-depleting Substance Sources and Sinks from the Peat Bogs of Connermara, Ireland from 1994-2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Derwent ◽  
Peter Simmonds ◽  
Simon O'Doherty ◽  
Gerard Spain ◽  
Dickon Young
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substance

The peat bogs of Connemara in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coastline of Ireland act as natural sources and sinks of greenhouse...

Inner-tropical ozone measurements at the Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS) using ground-based microwave radiometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 4019-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kopp ◽  
S. M. Calderón ◽  
J. Gross ◽  
G. Hochschild ◽  
P. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiometry ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

Trends over a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007 in surface ozone at the atmospheric research station, Mace Head, Ireland

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (39) ◽  
pp. 9091-9098 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Derwent ◽  
P.G. Simmonds ◽  
A.J. Manning ◽  
T.G. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

scholarly journals Coastal and open ocean aerosol characteristics: investigating the representativeness of coastal aerosol sampling over the North-East Atlantic Ocean

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 19035-19062 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
S. Decesari ◽  
C. Carbone ◽  
E. Finessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Abstract. In order to achieve a better understanding of the modifications of the physical and chemical properties of marine aerosol particles during transport from offshore to the coast, size distribution and chemical composition were measured concurrently in clean air masses over the open North Atlantic Ocean and at an Irish coastal site. Open ocean sampling was performed on board the oceanographic vessel Celtic Explorer sailing 100–300 km off the Irish west coast, while coastal measurements were performed at the Mace Head GAW station. The experiment took place between 11 June and 6 July 2006, during the period of phytoplankton bloom. The number size distribution and size-resolved chemical composition of coastal and open ocean samples were very similar, indicating homogeneous physical and chemical aerosol properties over a wide region in the marine boundary layer. The results also show that submicron chemical and physical aerosol properties measured at the coastal Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station were not unduly influenced by coastal artefacts and are thus representative of open water properties. Greater differences between the coastal site and the open ocean were observed for the aerosol supermicron sea spray components; this could be due to a variety of reasons, ranging from higher local wind speeds at the coastal site over the comparison period, to differences in sampling heights and increased local surf-zone production. Evidence of ageing processes was observed: at the costal site the ratio between non-sea-salt sulphate and methanesulphonic acid was higher, and the aerosol water soluble organic compounds were more oxidized than in the open ocean.

scholarly journals Variability of aerosol, gaseous pollutants and meteorological characteristics associated with continental, urban and marine air masses at the SW Atlantic coast of Iberia

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 31585-31642 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Diesch ◽  
F. Drewnick ◽  
S. R. Zorn ◽  
S.-L. von der Weiden-Reinmüller ◽  
M. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Marine Air

Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol were performed at the Southern coast of Spain, within the framework of the DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanisms In relation to Nitrogen Oxides) project. The field campaign took place from 20 November until 9 December 2008 at the atmospheric research station "El Arenosillo" (37°5'47.76" N, 6&deg44'6.94" W). As the monitoring station is located at the interface between a natural park, industrial cities (Huelva, Seville) and the Atlantic Ocean a variety of physical and chemical parameters of aerosols and gas phase could be characterized in dependency on the origin of air masses. Backwards trajectories were examined and compared with local meteorology to classify characteristic air mass types for several source regions. Aerosol number and mass as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon concentrations were measured in PM1 and size distributions were registered covering a size range from 7 nm up to 32 μm. The chemical composition of the non-refractory submicron aerosol was measured by means of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS). Gas phase analyzers monitored various trace gases (O3, SO2, NO, NO2, CO2) and a weather station provided meteorological parameters. Lowest average submicron particle mass and number concentrations were found in air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean with values around 2 μg m−3 and 1000 cm−3. These mass concentrations were about two to four times lower than the values recorded in air masses of continental and urban origins. For some species PM1-fractions in marine air were significantly larger than in air masses originating from Huelva, a closely located city with extensive industrial activities. The largest fraction of sulfate (54%) was detected in marine air masses and was to a high degree not neutralized. In addition small concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a product of biogenic dimethyl sulfate (DMS) emissions could be identified in the particle phase. In all air masses passing the continent the organic aerosol fraction dominated the total NR-PM1. For this reason, using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) four organic aerosol (OA) classes that can be associated with various aerosol sources and components were identified: a highly-oxygenated OA is the major component contributing an average of 43% of the particulate organic mass while the semi-volatile OA accounts for 23%. A hydrocarbon-like OA mainly resulting from industries, traffic and shipping emissions as well as particles from wood burning emissions also contribute to total OA dependent on the air mass origin. The variability of ozone is not only affected by different types of air masses but also significantly by the diurnal variation as a consequence of the solar radiation as well as local meteorological parameters.

scholarly journals Variability of aerosol, gaseous pollutants and meteorological characteristics associated with changes in air mass origin at the SW Atlantic coast of Iberia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3761-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Diesch ◽  
F. Drewnick ◽  
S. R. Zorn ◽  
S.-L. von der Weiden-Reinmüller ◽  
M. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Air Mass Types ◽  
Marine Air ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Mass Origin

Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol were performed at the Southern coast of Spain, within the framework of the DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanisms In relation to Nitrogen Oxides) project. The field campaign took place from 20 November until 9 December 2008 at the atmospheric research station "El Arenosillo" (37°5'47.76" N, 6°44'6.94" W). As the monitoring station is located at the interface between a natural park, industrial cities (Huelva, Seville) and the Atlantic Ocean, a variety of physical and chemical parameters of aerosols and gas phase could be characterized in dependency on the origin of air masses. Backwards trajectories were examined and compared with local meteorology to classify characteristic air mass types for several source regions. Aerosol number and mass as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon concentrations were measured in PM1 and size distributions were registered covering a size range from 7 nm up to 32 μm. The chemical composition of the non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was measured by means of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS). Gas phase analyzers monitored various trace gases (O3, SO2, NO, NO2, CO2) and a weather station provided meteorological parameters. Lowest average submicron particle mass and number concentrations were found in air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean with values around 2 μg m−3 and 1000 cm−3. These mass concentrations were about two to four times lower than the values recorded in air masses of continental and urban origins. For some species PM1-fractions in marine air were significantly larger than in air masses originating from Huelva, a closely located city with extensive industrial activities. The largest fraction of sulfate (54%) was detected in marine air masses and was to a high degree not neutralized. In addition, small concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a product of biogenic dimethyl sulfate (DMS) emissions, could be identified in the particle phase. In all air masses passing the continent the organic aerosol fraction dominated the total NR-PM1. For this reason, using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) four organic aerosol (OA) classes that can be associated with various aerosol sources and components were identified: a highly-oxygenated OA is the major component (43% OA) while semi-volatile OA accounts for 23%. A hydrocarbon-like OA mainly resulting from industries, traffic and shipping emissions as well as particles from wood burning emissions also contribute to total OA and depend on the air mass origin. A significant variability of ozone was observed that depends on the impact of different air mass types and solar radiation.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3407-3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Virkkula ◽  
K. Teinilä ◽  
R. Hillamo ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
S. Saarikoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol

Abstract. Aerosol chemical composition was measured over the Atlantic Ocean in November–December 1999 and at the Finnish Antarctic research station Aboa in January 2000. The concentrations of all anthropogenic aerosol compounds decreased clearly from north to south. An anthropogenic influence was still evident in the middle of the tropical South Atlantic, background values were reached south of Cape Town. Chemical mass apportionment was calculated for high volume filter samples (Dp<3 μm). North of the equator 70–80% of the aerosol consisted of non-sea-salt species. The contribution of sea salt was ~25% in the polluted latitudes, >80% in the Southern Ocean, and <10% at Aboa. The contribution of organic carbon was >10% in most samples, also at Aboa. The correlation of biomass-burning-related aerosol components with 210Pb was very high compared with that between nss calcium and 210Pb which suggests that 210Pb is a better tracer for biomass burning than for Saharan dust. The ratio of the two clear tracers for biomass burning, nss potassium and oxalate, was different in European and in African samples, suggesting that this ratio could be used as an indicator of biomass burning type. The concentrations of continent-related particles decreased exponentially with the distance from Africa. The shortest half-value distance, ~100 km, was for nss calcium. The half-value distance of particles that are mainly in the submicron particles was ~700±200 km. The MSA to nss sulfate ratio, R, increased faster than MSA concentration with decreasing anthropogenic influence, indicating that the R increase could largely be explained by the decrease of anthropogenic sulfate.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Virkkula ◽  
K. Teinilä ◽  
R. Hillamo ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
S. Saarikoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol

Abstract. Aerosol chemical composition was measured over the Atlantic Ocean in November–December 1999 and at the Finnish Antarctic research station Aboa in January 2000. The concentrations of all anthropogenic aerosol compounds decreased clearly from north to south. An anthropogenic influence was still evident in the middle of the tropical South Atlantic, background values were reached south of Cape Town. Chemical mass balance was calculated for high volume filter samples (Dp<3 μm). North of the equator 70–80% of the aerosol consisted of non-sea-salt species. The contribution of sea salt was ~25% in the polluted latitudes, >80% in the Southern Ocean, and <10% at Aboa. The contribution of organic carbon was >10% in most samples, also at Aboa. The correlation of biomass-burning-related aerosol components with 210Pb was very high compared with that between nss calcium and 210Pb which suggests that 210Pb is a better tracer for biomass burning than for Saharan dust. The ratio of the two clear tracers for biomass burning, nss potassium and oxalate, was different in European and in African samples, suggesting that this ratio could be used as an indicator of biomass burning type. The concentrations of continent-related particles decreased exponentially with the distance from Africa. The shortest half-value distance, ~100 km, was for nss calcium. The half-value distance of particles that are mainly in the submicron particles was ~700±200 km. The MSA to nss sulfate ratio, R, increased faster than MSA concentration with decreasing anthropogenic influence, indicating that the R increase could largely be explained by the decrease of anthropogenic sulfate.

scholarly journals Eddy Correlation Measurements of Ozone Fluxes over Coastal Waters West of Ireland

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McVeigh ◽  
Colin O'Dowd ◽  
Harald Berresheim
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The West ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Ozone Fluxes ◽  
First Time ◽  
West Of Ireland

Measurements of ozone fluxes using the eddy-correlation (EC) technique were carried out for the first time at the Mace Head atmospheric research station, on the west coast of Ireland between August-October 2009. Vertical exchange of ozone was measured from a tower platform at 22 m above mean sea level to study fluxes over coastal waters excluding the tidal region. The results were averaged over 30 min and exhibited predominantly downward but also upward transport of ozone in the boundary layer. Data quality was found to be high based on inspection of cospectra and micrometeorological measurements. During the study period, a major physical influence onO3fluxes was found to be wind speed. Measured fluxes were of the same magnitude as reported in previous open ocean studies ranging from approximately+0.2to−0.5 μgm−2 s−1(−0.017 μgm−2 s−1on average, corresponding to a deposition velocity of 0.25 mms−1or a surface resistance of 4.13 smm−1). These results are considered to represent ozone fluxes over shallow coastal waters west of Ireland for conditions during summer and fall not affected by phytoplankton blooms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document