Social anhedonia and medial prefrontal response to mutual liking in late adolescents

Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences, become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can) Keyword : Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Is the association between acne and mental distress influenced by diet? Results from a cross-sectional population study among 3775 late adolescents in Oslo, Norway.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1165916.626780 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Romiti

Keyword(s):

Population Study ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional

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Profiles of Citizenship Orientations Among Youth

Young ◽

10.1177/11033088211008691 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110330882110086

Author(s):

Iana Tzankova ◽

Gabriele Prati ◽

Elvira Cicognani

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Young Adults ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Political Activity ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Institutional Politics ◽

Different Types ◽

Political Activist ◽

Low Levels ◽

Citizenship Orientations

Prior studies revealed that low levels of youth political activity are not necessarily indicative of complete disengagement from societal affairs but could be accompanied by interest and latent involvement stemming from a standby or monitorial attitude. However, no prior study has investigated patterns of citizenship orientations including both manifest and latent engagement defined by one’s position towards institutional politics, according to different forms of participation. A questionnaire was filled out by 1,732 late adolescents and young adults in Italy (15–30 years old, M = 19.73, 60.7% female). Cluster analysis identified six profiles of citizenship orientations across different types of participatory activities (political, activist, political online and civic): active trustful, active distrustful, standby trustful, standby distrustful, unengaged trustful and unengaged distrustful. The results showed that each level of engagement—active, standby and unengaged—could be further differentiated between trustful and distrustful based on their attitude towards institutions and the electoral process.

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Adolescents creating cartoons: A developmental study of humor

Humor - International Journal of Humor Research ◽

10.1515/humor-2019-0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Pedrazzini ◽

Lucía Bugallo ◽

Constanza Zinkgräf ◽

Nora Scheuer

Keyword(s):

Social Issues ◽

Developmental Study ◽

Developmental Studies ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Communication Analysis ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Communication Activity ◽

Age Range ◽

Gender Variations ◽

Cognitive Sophistication

AbstractDevelopmental studies on humor have historically approached a limited age range – from birth until early adolescence – and have mostly considered humor interpretation and the production of situational and verbal humor. Focusing on cartooning, a highly demanding cognitive and communication activity, in this paper we aim to provide empirical data drawn from a larger age span than usual – 10 to 18 years old – to better understand what adolescents find humorous and how they create humor. Our corpus comes from nine workshops of cartoon production and interpretation conducted between 2015 and 2018, in which a total of 63 girls and 72 boys participated. Based on a fine-grained cognitive and communication analysis, we distinguished six different profiles of texts depending on: whether and how a fictional situation (i.e. a humorous incongruity) was built, its relation to the referenced situation addressed (topic), and the author’s motivation. Simple Correspondence Analyses enabled us to identify that these texts varied according to the adolescents’ age and the cartoon’s format (single panel or strip). Greater cognitive sophistication was evidenced in single panel cartoons and among middle and late adolescents, who also showed a concern for social issues. Some gender variations were found.

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The Associations between COMT and MAO-B Genetic Variants with Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

Current Issues in Molecular Biology ◽

10.3390/cimb43020045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 618-636

Author(s):

Zoran Madzarac ◽

Lucija Tudor ◽

Marina Sagud ◽

Gordana Nedic Erjavec ◽

Alma Mihaljevic Peles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variants ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Type B ◽

Social Anhedonia ◽

Mao B ◽

Comt Activity ◽

Striatal Dopamine Release ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

Specific Increase ◽

Male Patients

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including anhedonia, represent a heavy burden on patients and their relatives. These symptoms are associated with cortical hypodopamynergia and impaired striatal dopamine release in response to reward stimuli. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) degrade dopamine and affect its neurotransmission. The study determined the association between COMT rs4680 and rs4818, MAO-B rs1799836 and rs6651806 polymorphisms, the severity of negative symptoms, and physical and social anhedonia in schizophrenia. Sex-dependent associations were detected in a research sample of 302 patients with schizophrenia. In female patients with schizophrenia, the presence of the G allele or GG genotype of COMT rs4680 and rs4818, as well as GG haplotype rs4818-rs4680, which were all related to higher COMT activity, was associated with an increase in several dimensions of negative symptoms and anhedonia. In male patients with schizophrenia, carriers of the MAO-B rs1799836 A allele, presumably associated with higher MAO-B activity, had a higher severity of alogia, while carriers of the A allele of the MAO-B rs6651806 had a higher severity of negative symptoms. These findings suggest that higher dopamine degradation, associated with COMT and MAO-B genetic variants, is associated with a sex-specific increase in the severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

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