Body mass index is associated with region-dependent metabolic reprogramming of adipose tissue

Background: High levels of intramuscular adipose tissue and low levels of capillarization are both predicative of low muscle and mobility function in older adults, however little is known about their relationship. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of intramuscular adipose tissue and capillarization in older adults. Setting: An outpatient medical center. Participants: Forty-seven sedentary adults (age 59.9 ± 1.0 years, BMI 32.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, VO2max 22.4 ± 0.7 ml/kg/min); Measurements: All participants underwent CT scans to determine intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle biopsies to determine capillarization in the mid-thigh. A step-wise hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the contributions of age, sex, race, body mass index, 2-hour postprandial glucose, VO2max, and muscle capillarization, to the variability in intramuscular adipose tissue. Results: The predictors as a group accounted for 38.1% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue, with body mass index and capillarization each significantly contributing to the final model (P<0.001). The part correlation of body mass index with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.47, and the part correlation of capillarization with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.39, indicating that body mass index and capillarization explained 22.1%, and 15.2% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue. Conclusions: While increased muscle capillarization is typically thought of as a positive development, in some clinical conditions, such as tendinopathies, an increase in capillarization is part of the pathological process related to expansion of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. This may also be an explanation for the surprising finding that high capillarization is related to high levels of intramuscular adipose tissue. Future studies are necessary to determine the relationship of changes in both capillarization and intramuscular adipose tissue after interventions, such as exercise.

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Abstract 14966: Non-biased Fat Scoring System for Human Cardiac Variability and Body Mass Index Correlation Analyses

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Kyra Peczkowski ◽

Farbod Fazlollahi ◽

Mohammed Mashali ◽

Nancy Saad ◽

Salome Kiduko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Scoring System ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Correlation Analyses ◽

Low Bmi ◽

High Bmi

Introduction: It remains unclear if body mass index (BMI) is correlated to the amount of cardiac adipose tissue in humans. Echocardiography is typically utilized to measure epicardial fat in live patients, but has yielded inconclusive results, as it is difficult to measure cardiac adipose tissue levels from a single location on a 1-dimensional image, as fat is not always distributed equally across the heart. Methods: Through the Ohio State Cardiac Research Tissue program, we have collected over 200 human hearts of various conditions. Multi-angle photographs are available for every heart. We developed an adipose tissue scoring system, so correlations can be drawn between the adipose tissue score (ATS), and BMI in failing and non-failing human hearts. Hearts were scored based on the multi-angle photographs. Each heart was given an atrial (AATS) and a ventricular score (VATS) ranging from 0-7, based on fat distribution and epicardial fat thickness. Nine sets of scores by individuals blinded to any patient information were averaged for each heart and the average ATS was plotted for correlation analyses against BMI and etiology. Results: A strong correlation was not apparent by plotting BMI versus VATS for all failing and non-failing hearts (R 2 = 0.011915 failing, 0.017262 non-failing). It is of interest to note that the lower right quadrant of the correlation plot is empty, indication that in patients with high BMI, the ATS was also high. However, in individuals with low BMI, there was a wide distribution of ATS. VATS and AATS are closely correlated in both failing (R 2 = 0.67082) and non-failing (R 2 = 0.84446) hearts. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that in humans, a high BMI is typically correlated with a high ATS score, but a low BMI does not necessarily correlate with a low ATS. The non-failing hearts have a stronger correlation between VATS and AATS compared to the failing hearts, suggesting that failing hearts do not always have an equal distribution of adipose tissue between the atria and ventricle. Future studies will investigate the presence of correlation between ATS with other parameters, such as age, gender, and race.

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Active non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and severe fibrosis are associated to dysfunctional adipose tissue and worsen with adipose tissue insulin resistance independently of body mass index

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(20)30742-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. S110-S111

Author(s):

Luisa Vonghia ◽

Melania Gaggini ◽

An Verrijken ◽

Jonas Weyler ◽

Fabrizia Carli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Severe Fibrosis

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Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and epicardial adipocyte size with increasing body mass index

Adipocyte ◽

10.1080/21623945.2019.1701387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 412-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamish M. Aitken-Buck ◽

Mohammed Moharram ◽

Aram A Babakr ◽

Robin Reijers ◽

Isabelle Van Hout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipocyte Size ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness

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Volumes of coronary plaque disease in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, truncal fat mass and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164119825761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 328-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Søren Gullaksen ◽

Kristian Løkke Funck ◽

Esben Laugesen ◽

Troels Krarup Hansen ◽

Damini Dey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Coronary Plaque ◽

Calcified Plaque ◽

Regional Fat Distribution

Objectives: Coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be promoted by regional fat distribution. We investigated the association between anthropometric measures of obesity, truncal fat mass, epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients and matched controls. Methods: We examined 44 patients and 59 controls [mean (standard deviation) age 64.4 ± 9.9 vs 61.8 ± 9.7, male 50% vs 47%, diabetes duration mean (standard deviation) 7.7 ± 1.5] with coronary computed tomography angiography. Coronary plaques were quantified as total, calcified, non-calcified and low-density non-calcified plaque volumes (mm3). Regional fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm) and epicardial fat volume (mm3). Endothelial function and systemic inflammation were evaluated by peripheral arterial tonometry (log transformed Reactive Hyperemia Index) and C-reactive protein (mg/L). Results: Body mass index and waist circumference ( p < 0.02) were associated with coronary plaque volumes. Body mass index was associated with low-density non-calcified plaque volume after adjustment for age, sex and diabetes status ( p < 0.01). Truncal fat mass ( p > 0.51), waist circumference ( p > 0.06) and epicardial adipose tissue ( p > 0.17) were not associated with coronary plaque volumes in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Body mass index is associated with coronary plaque volumes in diabetic as well as non-diabetic individuals.

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The in vitro secretion of human leptin is gender-dependent but independent of the body mass index of the donors

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1430711 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 711-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C Menendez ◽

R Baldelli ◽

M Lage ◽

X Casabiell ◽

V Pinero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Secretory Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Secretory Rate ◽

Omental Adipose Tissue

OBJECTIVE: Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone acting as a signal to the central nervous system, where it regulates energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine processes. Leptin plasma levels are mainly regulated by the percentage of body fat, but are also controlled by several metabolic and nutritional variables. Data regarding leptin secretion suggest that it is gender regulated, and higher levels are present in women than men; however, the biological basis for this sex-related difference is unknown. To clarify those points, a systematic study with tissue cultures from human omental adipose tissue was performed. DESIGN AND METHODS: Surgically obtained samples from 137 patients (68 women, 69 men) were evaluated. The assay was standardized in periods of 24 h ending at 96 h. Each adipose tissue sample from a single donor was incubated in triplicate and leptin results expressed as the mean of the integrated secretion into the medium (nanograms of leptin/g tissue per time). RESULTS: Tissue adipose cultures showed a steady leptin secretion throughout the 96 h studied, with the peak of secretory activity reached at 48 h; afterwards, the in vitro secretion reached a plateau state. Spontaneous leptin secretion in the 24 h and 48 h period, as well as the area under the curve analyzed in the 0-48 h period, showed a gender-based difference that was significantly (P<0. 05) higher in women than in men. When data of spontaneous leptin secretion were correlated with the body mass index (BMI) of the donors, no correlation was found. This suggests that in vivo leptin levels are dependent on the total amount of fat of the individual, but independent of the leptin secretory rate by the adipose tissue of the donor. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin secretion from omental adipose tissue in vitro is: (i) significantly higher in samples from women than in samples from men; and (ii) not correlated with the BMI, showing that in vitro leptin secretion is not related to the adiposity of the donor.

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Vitamin D Promotes Adiposity But Improves Associated Metabolic Derangements In An Obese Rat Model

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

N A Mohamed ◽

A A Seif ◽

M S Abdelhamid ◽

R S A Eissa

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Rat Model ◽

Dose Group ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background Obesity is a worldwide problem and is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The relation between obesity and vitamin D is not completely understood. Obesity is associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Some studies claim that vitamin D may reduce lipogenesis and others claim that vitamin D can promote adipogenesis. Aim of the study This study was planned to evaluate the effect of alteration in vitamin D level on body weight and adipose tissue metabolism in an obese rat model. Methods 32 Female Albino-rats were randomly allocated into: control group (C, n = 8), fed on control diet containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, and a high caloric diet group (HCD, n = 32). The HCD group was further subdivided into 3 groups according to the vitamin D dose into: standard vitamin D dose group (HCD+SVD) containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, low vitamin D dose group (HCD+LVD) containing 25 IU vitamin D/kg diet and high vitamin D dose group (HCD+HVD) containing 5169 IU vitamin D/kg diet. Body mass index, serum vitamin D, glucose, lipid profile, TNF-α and adipose tissue UCP-1 were measured. Different fat depots were weighed and histopathologically assessed. Results HCD+HVD group showed a significant increase in the final body mass index and in the different fat depot weights compared to all groups. Compared to the HCD+SVD group, the HCD+HVD group showed significantly lower serum total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, while it showed a non-significant change in serum glucose, TNF-α and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. HCD+LVD showed the highest visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 compared to all groups. Conclusion Vitamin D promoted adiposity and decreased visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 but improved the associated derangements in lipid profile.

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Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00744.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 2333-2338 ◽

Cited By ~ 696

Author(s):

Wei Shen ◽

Mark Punyanitya ◽

ZiMian Wang ◽

Dympna Gallagher ◽

Marie-Pierre St.-Onge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Intervertebral Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abdominal Image ◽

Total Body

A single abdominal cross-sectional computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance image is often obtained in studies examining adipose tissue (AT) distribution. An abdominal image might also provide additional useful information on total body skeletal muscle (SM) and AT volumes with related physiological insights. We therefore investigated the relationships between abdominal SM and AT areas from single images and total body component volumes in a large and diverse sample of healthy adult subjects. Total body SM and AT volumes were derived by whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging in 123 men [age (mean ± SD) of 41.6 ± 15.8 yr; body mass index of 25.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2] and 205 women (age of 47.8 ± 18.7 yr; body mass index of 26.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2). Single abdominal SM and AT slice areas were highly correlated with total body SM ( r = 0.71–0.92; r = 0.90 at L4–L5 intervertebral space) and AT ( r = 0.84–0.96; r = 0.94 at L4–L5 intervertebral space) volumes, respectively. R2 increased by only 5.7–6.1% for SM and 2.7–4.4% for AT with the inclusion of subject sex, age, ethnicity, scanning position, body mass index, and waist circumference in the model. The developed SM and AT models were validated in an additional 49 subjects. To achieve equivalent power to a study measuring total body SM or AT volumes, a study using a single abdominal image would require 17–24% more subjects for SM and 6–12% more subjects for AT. Measurement of a single abdominal image can thus provide estimates of total body SM and AT for group studies of healthy adults.

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